Abstract
The article reveals the relationship between the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium and spring wheat yield in a time series using the example of Leninogorsk municipal district for 48 years (1976-2023). The weather and climatic conditions of the district are suitable for growing various agricultural crops, in particular food grain. The sum of positive active temperatures is 2168º C. It was found that the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers led to an increase in the supply of arable soils of the district with mobile phosphorus and potassium until 2001, in subsequent years a negative trend. The content of mobile phosphorus forms increased from 62 to 165.0 mg/kg (according to Chirikov method) of soil by the seventh round (2001-2007), and the content of mobile potassium increased from 101 to 151.4 mg/kg (according to Chirikov method) of soil. In the content of mobile potassium, a systematic decrease in indicators is observed from 108.0 (2008-2010) to 118.0 (2018-2019) mg/kg of soil, in the last round an increase to 131.0 mg/kg was revealed. With mineral and organic fertilizers, 3417.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 1678.6 kg/ha of phosphorus and 1846.2 kg/ha of potassium were introduced into the arable soil over 48 years, while the balance of nitrogen and mobile potassium is negative, with the exception of phosphorus (+506 kg active ingredient/ha). The results of statistical data processing showed a reliable correlation between the actual spring wheat yield and the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, equal to 0.29-030, respectively. Due to the complex use of mineral and organic fertilizers, the stabilization of basic nutrients content in arable soils of Leninogorsk district and an increase in the yield of spring wheat until 2011 are noticeable. Further, the spring wheat yield varies in a small range of 2.06 - 2.11 t/ha.
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