СУЧАСНА ГІДРОГРАФІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СТАВКІВ В УКРАЇНІ – РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ І БАСЕЙНОВІ АСПЕКТИ

Abstract

The aim of the study described in the article is to establish the total number of ponds in Ukraine and to analyze the territorial patterns of their distribution in administrative areas, as well as in river basin areas (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Southern Bug, Don, Vistula, Crimea rivers, rivers of the Black Sea and rivers of the Azov region), as the main hydrographic units of water management. For the study, cadastral information was used on the ponds of the regional offices of the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine as of 2019. It was established that out of the total number of 50793 ponds in Ukraine, many ponds are located in Vinnitsa (10.5%), Dnepropetrovsk (6.5%) and Kiev (6.3%) regions. In river basin districts – 48.5% of ponds are concentrated in the river basin. Dnieper; 19.6% – in the area of the river basin Southern Bug). According to our research, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 2 ha) and small (from 2 to 10 ha) by water surface area. In certain regions of the country, their total share is from 75.1 to 92.6% of the total number of ponds. The proportion of medium-sized ponds (with an area of 10–25 ha) varies from 6.2 to 16.2% in certain regions. Large (with an area of 25-50 ha) and very large ponds (over 50 ha) account for a total of 1.7 to 8.4% of the total number of ponds in certain regions. By the volume of accumulated water, the vast majority of ponds in Ukraine are very small (up to 10 thousand m3) and small (10 to 50 thousand m3). The total share of these two categories ranges from 41.9 – 56.1% in the southern regions to 53.1 – 73.2% – in the northern. The share of ponds average in volume (from 50 to 200 thousand m3) in individual regions ranges from 19.1 to 39.2%. From 7.3 – 11.6% in the northern regions to 12.2 – 20.2% – in the southern regions the total proportion of large (volume from 200 to 500 thousand M3) and very large (from 500 thousand m3 in 1,0 million m3) ponds. As of 01.01. 2019 in Ukraine 71.7% were owned by territorial communities, 28% were leased out. Most ponds for rent in the Transcarpathian region – 100%. In Rivne region, 55% of ponds are leased, 54% in Cherkasy, and 50% in Volyn. Least of all – in Kherson (2%) and Chernihiv (7%) regions. In order to identify the real state of ponds (both quantitative and qualitative), their recreational role, environmental impact and regulation of the hydrographic network in Ukraine, it is necessary to increase attention to comprehensive monitoring of ponds.