ПРОИЗВОДСТВО КАРТОФЕЛЯ И ОВОЩЕЙ В МИРЕ И В ОСНОВНЫХ СТРАНАХ

Abstract

Potato and vegetable growing are important branches of agriculture; they are of particular importance in some countries of the world. Potatoes and vegetables are an essential part of the adequate food supply for the population of many countries, including the developing ones. Basing on the statistical data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN), the authors examined the changes in the production volume of these products in the world as a whole for 1961-2018, as well as for the period 1992-2018 in some countries - the twenty largest producers of potatoes and vegetables in 2018. A number of trends were identified, in particular, it was noted that in 2018, the global gross harvest of potatoes, compared to 1961, increased only 1.36 times, while that of vegetables - 5.51 times. At the same time, there was a change in the positions of states in the corresponding world ranking of countries, which are the major producers of these products. In absolute terms, China and India have significantly increased the production of potatoes and vegetables, and therefore their share in the global gross harvest of these types of products has grown significantly. In some traditional producers of potatoes and vegetables, these indicators have declined. The quantitative and qualitative changes we observe inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes and vegetables. As for Russia, our country is gradually losing its position in potato production: in 1993, instead of our country, China moved up to the first place in terms of its gross harvest, and in 2004, India moved to the second place. Until 2016, Russia ranked third in the global ranking, but in 2017-2018. Ukraine moved it to the fourth position. With regard to the production of vegetables, similar trends can be noted, while in 1992 our country was ranked seventh in the world in terms of their gross harvest, and in 2018 it was the tenth. We believe that in order to ensure food independence of our country, to develop national markets for potatoes and vegetables, and to increase the export potential of domestic potato and vegetable growing, it is necessary to carry out scientifically grounded and systematic work to increase the production of potatoes and vegetables in agricultural organizations in Russia.