Промислові монополії Російської імперії: проблема термінології

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of terminology during the study of the processes of monopolization of the industry of the Russian Empire. It was found out that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the scientific literature and the press there was no single system of concepts for the definition of various forms of monopolistic unions, the definitions of "cartel", "trust", "syndicate" were used arbitrarily. The most popular was the latter – syndicates were called most unions, despite the fact that they have exclusively monopolistic agreements on joint sale of products through a special office or similar body. It is indicated that such confusion in the concepts often persisted in later intelligence. Often in Soviet historiography the most simple monopolistic treaties, which arose from the middle of the nineteenth century, were attributed to them. in the field of lending and trade, which allowed to emphasize the simultaneous occurrence of multicultural tendencies with the leading countries of the West. The article deals with the definition of cartels, syndicates and trusts from the legal and economic point of view, their features are determined. The following are examples of cartels that traditionally belonged to the syndicates: sugar, The Bureau of Refiners, "Prodparovoz", the Union of the Baku kerosene manufacturers and others. The conclusion is made on the need for further study of the monopolies known to us in order to clearly identify their forms in order to understand the nature of the impact on the market.