ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СУЧАСНОГО ТА МАЙБУТНЬОГО ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЕЛЕКТРОТРАНСПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

This article discusses the common issues of energy supply faced by most municipal enterprises of urban electric transport in Ukraine, which have been affected to some extent by military aggression, impacting their primary function of passenger transportation. The energy supply situation in Ukraine is a matter of global concern, making the topic of this article highly relevant. The article analyzes the structure of electricity generation in the unified power system of Ukraine, revealing that the cheapest electricity is produced by nuclear and hydroelectric power plants in the country, while the most expensive, known as "green" electricity, is generated by solar and wind power plants. Additionally, the article presents a diagram illustrating the changes in funding that occurred in 2023 among the ministries and departments of Ukraine compared to the budget of the previous year. An analysis is provided regarding the prospects of increasing funding for the energy sector of Ukraine during this period. Moreover, the article offers recommendations to municipal enterprises and city councils on post-war procurement of energy-efficient rolling stock for the country's public transport enterprises. These recommendations are based on the analysis of energy consumption indicators for various types of electric passenger transport, including traditional and modern hybrid urban electric transport capable of covering a certain portion of the route without being connected to power wires, thanks to battery packs. Such vehicles can be electric buses or trolleybuses with autonomous operation. The ecological aspect of these hybrid electric transport types is also considered. Hybrid electric transport models are expected to replace city transport powered by internal combustion engines. The article also separately examines the project for renewing the rolling stock of electric transport in the city of Kharkiv, which is the authors' hometown, and explores the possibilities for municipal transport enterprises in this city to increase their entrepreneurial activity by providing charging services to other electric vehicles owned by citizens under private ownership rights. The authors have developed a scheme for the development of charging infrastructure for electric cars, electric bicycles, and other similar vehicles.