Сосудистая ретинальная патология: влияние гестационной артериальной гипертензии и преэклампсии на ее формирование

Abstract

Purpose. To assess the effect of gestational arterial hypertension (AH) and preeclampsia on the possible development of vascular retinal pathology in the separated postpartum period. Material and methods. 231 women with different types of pregnancy. 1st main group – pregnant women with gestational hypertension. 2nd main group – pregnant women with preeclampsia. 1st comparison group: pregnancy with chronic hypertension without proteinuria. 2nd comparison group: edema and / or proteinuria during pregnancy, but without hypertension. Control group – physiological pregnancy. The term of an ophthalmological examination after pregnancy is 6–12 years. Results. Over the past time period after childbirth, 67 women in the total population were found to have systemic vascular pathology (29 %). The formation of vascular retinal pathology for the period after childbirth occurred in 50 women in the general population (21.6 %). Conclusion. The incidence of vascular retinal pathology in the late postpartum period (up to 12 years) was statistically significantly higher in the groups with preeclampsia (48 %) and gestational hypertension (40 %) in comparison with the physiological course of pregnancy, as well as in pregnancy accompanied by edema without AH and with the presence of AH before pregnancy (4, 6 and 8 %, respectively, p < 0.01). Keywords: systemic vascular pathology, retinal vascular pathology, hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, endothelial dysfunction.