Еколого-економічні аспекти якості життя населення України.

Abstract

The analysis of environmental and economic aspects of quality of life of population of Ukraine is given in the presented article. The main environmental problems are listed. Emissions of pollutants by stationary (38%) and mobile (62%) sources of pollution are analyzed. It is proved that environmental contamination is associated with technogenic, eco-destructive processes, which lead to a sharp increase in respiratory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular, circulatory and endocrine systems, gastrointestinal diseases, congenital anomalies and cause additional economic costs. Currently the environmental situation in Ukraine is unfavorable, which negatively affects the quality of life for population. The Dnieper region where 724 thousand tons of emissions get into the atmosphere, Donetsk with 918 thousand tons and Zaporozhye with 194,000 tons are the most polluted regions of Ukraine, that is why there are more citizens with cardiovascular and oncological diseases here. Chernivtsi, Transcarpathian, Volyn and Ternopil regions are the most environmentally friendly, therefore the average life expectancy there is the largest in the country (up to 73 years). Transcarpathian region has the most favorable ecology in Ukraine, with less wastewater into rivers and less level of cancer. The average life expectancy in Ukraine has been traced by years. Despite its decline from 1990 to 1995 from 70.9 years to 66.8 years, in 2016 the average age was 71.6 years, that is increased by 3.9 years (the highest life expectancy in the world is 89.5 years). Thus, we can consider that environmental problems are an important and integral component of the quality of life for population. Some suggestions have been made to improve the quality of life: in the sphere of ecology (making the ecology profitable) and natural and climatic conditions (more rational use of natural resources). It has been emphasized that Ukraine is rich in natural and climatic resources, which creates conditions for a potential improvement in the quality of life for population.