Abstract
Introduction. Acute respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases worldwide among children of different age groups. Materials and methods. 59 children between the ages of 3 and 7 participated in the study. The first group included 22 patients with an acute respiratory viral infection, the second one consisted of 23 patients with acute respiratory viral infections associated with adenoid vegetation, and 14 apparently healthy children were included in the control group. Immunology research was conducted during the acute period of the disease. Statistical processing of received data was done with the standard statistical software EZR 1.41. Results. After the research, most of the patients with acute respiratory viral infections were identified an actual increase in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD22+- cells and IgA, IgM in the blood serum. Simultaneously, in patients with acute respiratory viral infections associated with adenoid vegetation during the acute period, the increase in total lymphocytes was identified due to CD4+, CD8+, CD22+ cells and IgG. A comparative analysis of the study results of both groups of patients showed that children from the second group had a significantly higher level of CD3+- cells, while the CD22+- lymphocytes, IgA, IgM and IgG were significantly lower from the similar indicators of the first group. Conclusions. The acute period of the disease in children with acute respiratory viral infections, associated with adenoid vegetation, had an imbalance in both the cell and the immune system's humoral component
Highlights
Acute respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases worldwide among children of different age groups
The absence of specific immunity contributes to the rapid spread of Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and its complications, leading to economic losses [1]
The highest incidence of ARI is determined in children aged three to 14 years because they attend the preschool establishments and schools [8]
Summary
Acute respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases worldwide among children of different age groups. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the most common infectious diseases worldwide among children of different age groups. Almost 90% of the world’s population is infected with this disease at least once a year. Viruses directly affect the respiratory tract’s mucous membranes and indirectly affect the immune system. They reduce mucous membranes’ barrier function, contribute to the respiratory tract’s obstruction, and decrement gas exchange [8, 9]. The highest incidence of ARI is determined in children aged three to 14 years because they attend the preschool establishments and schools [8]. This child’s development is characterized by a lack of the immune system’s humoral component, a decrease in the complement system’s activation, incomplete fusion of the cytokine, and T-cell immunosuppression [10]
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