Abstract
本研究の目的は,日本の学校地理の基礎として小学校「生活科」がもつ意味とその役割を明らかにすることである。目的を達成するために,生活科が新設された平成元年「小学校指導書 生活編」,一 回目の改正である平成11年「小学校学習指導要領解説生活編」,二回目改正の平成20年「小学校学習指導要領解説生活編」,そして現行「小学校学習指導要領(平成29年告示)解説生活編」を対象に文献分析を行った。分析の結果は,以下の通りである。第一に,生活科は,目標の提示方法が小学校社会科,中学校社会科地理的分野,高校地理歴史科とは異なり,それらの科目の「基礎」科目として位置している。第二に,生活科の内容を構成する具体的な活動と体験は,学習者のプライベートジオグラフィー形成に影響を与えている。第三に,生活科は,小学校社会科で「地域」の提示方法として採用されている同心円的拡大法ではなく,「学習者中心(生活中心)教育内容提示方法」を用いている。 This study aims to clarify the implications and role of the 'Seikatsuka' (Living Environment Studies) in Japan as the foundation for school geography. To achieve this purpose, a literature analysis was conducted on the current curriculum (Gakushusidoyoryo, the Course of Study), revised in 2017 from the curriculum established in 1989 when 'Seikatsuka' was first introduced. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the method of presenting the objectives of 'Seikatsuka' differs from that of primary school social studies, geography field in social studies of lower secondary school and ‘Geography and History’ of upper secondary school, positioning it as a foundational subject for these areas. Second, the concrete activities and experiences that constitute the content of 'Seikatsuka' contribute to the formation of learners' private geographies. Third, the sequence of 'Seikatsuka' emphasizes a 'learner-centred (life-centred) construction method,' rather than the concentric extension method adopted in elementary social studies for presenting geography.
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