Abstract
The article deals with the ontology of Plato, which contains three parts: pure being, complete non-being, and something in-between. Pure being is the kingdom of eidē: genera and species. Complete non-existence in itself does not exist and makes itself felt only in conjunction with being, forming what lies between it and pure being, i.e. the world of individuals. The main difference between eidē and individuals is that the former are eternal, and the latter are transient. The ontology of Plato is compared with the doctrine of Aristotle that every individual consists of material substance and form. Aristotle considers the primordial substance to be a solid formless substrate, which in itself does not exist, but manifests itself only when it gets a form. The forms for it are eidē, in particular lower species. When an individual arises, a certain part of material substance combines with a part of one or another lower species, thus acquiring a form corresponding to it. When an individual dies, his material part ceases to exist, dissolving in primary matter, and its form, being an eidos, retains its existence forever in the realm of eidē, as Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus teach about this.
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