ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ВЗРЫВОБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ

Abstract

Purpose. The article describes constructive and technical solutions for preventing and reducing the consequences of household gas explosions in residential multi-apartment buildings equipped with a fixed gas supply system. Methods. The statistical data on household gas explosions in residential gasified multi-apartment buildings on the territory of Russia have been analyzed. The comparison of existing technical solutions and measures aimed at preventing an emergency explosion and reducing the explosion consequences (gas leak sensor, ventilation system, safety structures of the hinged and swing type) has been carried out. Findings. The data showing the timeliness of this problem due to the significant number of fatalities and large property damage have been obtained. In particular, during the period from 2017 to 2020, 37 explosions of household gas occurred in residential multi-apartment buildings, causing death of 61 people. Despite many positive aspects, the methods being currently used do not provide an adequate level of explosion safety, and therefore the authors see it appropriate to introduce measures aimed at reducing consequences in the event of gas explosion. One of such solutions is the use of a window opening as a safety structure. The main disadvantage, which does not allow us to consider blind glazing as a safety design, is the restriction on the glass thickness (4 mm). In addition, the drawback of using the given construction is low thermal insulation ability and high risk of causing damage to people near the building by glass fragments in the event of an explosion. This disadvantage of modern double-glazed windows can be eliminated by modifying the window frames with the help of special parts or weakened fasteners, which, if excessive pressure occurs, would ensure timely opening of the structure. An example includes safety structures on hinges, which have the ability to rotate these structures when exposed to excessive pressure. Another type of a safety construction is a swing safety design. At a given excess pressure on the working sash, the locking devices, which release the frame rotary sash, are triggered.Research application field. The results of the study can be used in the working out new technical solutions designed to prevent an emergency explosion and reduce the consequences of a potential explosion. Conclusions. The conducted research leads to the conclusion that further work is necessary to study the parameters of internal emergency explosions of household gas in residential buildings under various accident scenarios in order to develop optimal solutions to minimize the consequences of an explosion.