ОСОБЛИВОСТІ БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛЕЙ БАНКІВ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article analyzes the business models of Ukrainian banks in the conditions of the military crisis. The key business models of the beginning of 2022 and the second half of 2023 are compared. Business models are evaluated based on bank balance sheet data published by the National Bank of Ukraine. Scientific and practical approaches to the definition of business models of banks are the subject of a debate reflected in the scientific literature. Our research uses indicators of the structure of bank assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators of asset quality and performance. With the help of Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM), banks with close values of the selected indicator system are combined into homogeneous structural and functional groups of banks (SFGB). The structural and functional group of banks unites a homogeneous cluster of banks on the SOM with similar characteristics and patterns of response to external shocks. The method is useful for understanding the business models of specific banks at the macro level. Also, an important area of application of the SFGB method is the study of the general characteristics of the banking system at the macro level. The SFGB method makes it possible to assess the overall financial condition of the system, reveal hidden properties of homogeneous groups of banks, and model the trajectories of individual banks and analyze possible changes in their own business models. Banks sometimes migrate between business models, although the general trends persist. The SFGB's research for the period of 2003 confirms the existence of objective confirmation of the reasons for the migration of banks. The research was conducted at the macro level and in terms of changes in homogeneous groups with specific business models. Some business models have not changed between January 1, 2022 and September 1, 2023. Some models have completely changed. Most of the business model was transformed under the influence of external factors. The business model of domestic banks was significantly affected by the limitation of economic development, the reduction of classic credit operations, important measures of the state and the banking system to maintain a stable resource base, excess liquidity of banks, and the peculiarities of the design of the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine during a full-scale war.