TRANSPARENCY OF BANKING SUPERVISION AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article describes modern approaches to banking supervision, focused on the study of business models of banks and their risk profile. Approaches to determining the regime of supervision and measures to influence banks should take into account the specifics of their financial condition and the city in the market of banking services. Supervision tools should be objective and transparent. The introduction of innovative methods for determining business models and adequate supervisory actions is especially relevant in the period of instability of the banking system of Ukraine. Over the past ten years, the number of banks has declined significantly. The reason for the bankruptcy of most banks were realized credit, currency and liquidity risks. The recent crisis has significantly increased the requirements for methods of assessing the financial stability of the banking system. The National Bank of Ukraine is constantly improving the procedures for assessing the quality of active banking operations, regulatory capital adequacy, fixed capital adequacy and determining the required level of capital adequacy ratios in order to promote financial stability. At the same time, the definition of a business model remains subjective. The analysis of banks' business models should take into account the detailed characteristics of their assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The article proposes the method of structural and functional groups of banks on the basis of self-organizing maps Kohonen. The methodology is quite transparent and effective. Groups of banks with the same business models are combined around the extreme values of financial indicators, in the relevant areas of increased risk. This article justifies the need for a broad coverage of indicators that characterize banking risks. The formation of business models of banks should be determined by the characteristics of the banking system in a particular period. Characteristics of the structure of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other financial indicators of banks reflect the peculiarities of the banking system and specific banks. The methods of neural networks - Kohonen's self-organizing maps - are adapted for processing large data sets. The study recommends that central banks use clear technology for the formation and analysis of business models. Subjective approaches to assessing financial stability and the choice of banking supervision regime violate the principle of central bank independence, as they involve a variety of non-economic factors.