ГЕНЕЗІЗ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ АСПЕКТІВ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ «ТРУДОВИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ»

Abstract

The article discusses the genesis of the "labor potential" category. The main approaches to defining its essence are highlighted, which crystallized from numerous author's interpretations of scientists, in particular, etymological, economic-theoretical, resource, factor, complex, managerial. The essence of the concepts "labour resources", "labor force", "human capital" interrelated with the category "labor potential" has been studied. Four features that are characteristic of labor resources have been identified. In particular, it is stated that labor potential is a socio-economic category, which is based on the dialectical law of the transition of quantity into quality, has quantitative and qualitative characteristics and its content depends on the level of management. It is proposed to consider this category from the point of view of the system, and its main properties are defined, such as: integrity, functionality, coherence, emergence, compositionality, alternativeness. The change in the role of the labor factor in the production process during the period of the formation of capitalism is traced. It is substantiated that labor and capital are mutually complementary factors of production, the dominance of which was determined by the achieved level of development in a certain period of time. With the transition of production from labor-intensive through capital-intensive to knowledge-intensive technologies, the low-skilled labor of an employee begins to be replaced by the most skilled labor. The transformational processes that form a new basis for the "labor potential" concept have been studied. In accordance with the requirements of the digitalization of the economy, it is proposed to consider the labor potential from the standpoint of the competence approach as the integral capacity of the workforce to work, taking into account new opportunities (competencies and competences) that meet the requirements of digital and information and communication technologies. It is proposed to consider competencies as a tool that will allow to determine the degree of compliance of the labor supply with the demands of employers in the labor market in specific spatial and temporal conditions. Prospects for further research on this problem are identified.