Особливості формування та перекладу термінології клінічної ветеринарної гематології

Abstract

Abstract. The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation, systematization and translation of Veterinary Hematology terminology. Introduction. At this stage, the processes of development and formation of veterinary terminology, lexical and semantic features of veterinary terms, functional features of veterinary scientific text are studied in sufficient detail, a typology of term systems in veterinary medicine is proposed, and methodological approaches to its study are determined. However, most scientific works relate specifically to anatomical and histological terminology, which is a morphological terminological formation of the anatomical and histological structure of organs and tissues of the animal body in normal and pathological conditions. This terminology is well-established, international and used by veterinarians all over the world. However, there is a significant difference between anatomical and histological terminology and nomenclature and clinical terminology, which is expressed by grammatical, lexical and semantic features. Therefore, the study of terminology in certain areas of veterinary science requires further detailed study. Purpose. The aim of our work was to study the lexical and structural features of the terminology of clinical veterinary hematology, to determine the main difficulties and ways of its reproduction in English-Ukrainian translations. Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of methods was used, in particular the method of analysis for comparing and comparing the views of various scientists in the field of studying veterinary terminology; descriptive method with methods of observation, comparison and classification; methods and techniques of linguistic analysis; transformational, descriptive and structural-semantic research methods; induction method. Results. The terminology of clinical veterinary hematology includes a system of concepts that denotes the structure and functions of the blood system, organs of hematopoiesis and cross-destruction, causes and mechanisms of development of blood diseases, their diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention. The terminology of veterinary hematology is closely related to the terminology of veterinary immunology, oncology, radiology, toxicology, transfusiology and other specialized branches of veterinary and humane medicine. Clinical terminology is based on words of Greek origin or Greek-Latin, in contrast to anatomical terminology, which operates mainly in Latin vocabulary. There are single-word clinical terms (simple, derived, or compound), but most of them are complex terms and phrases. It is established the formation of veterinary hematology terminology occurs by the prefix method, in which the most commonly used prefixes are a-, an-, dys-, anti-, endo-, hyper-, hypo-, mono-, micro-, macro-; by the suffix method, in which the most commonly used suffixes are –osis, termoelements – -poiesis, -genesis, -philia, -penia, as well as using the morphemes haem(at) -, cyto-. According to the thematic area, the terms of veterinary hematology were grouped into the following groups: terms denoting structural components of the blood system; terms denoting blood formation; terms denoting progenitor cells of mature blood cells; terms denoting pathological changes that occur in the process of blood formation; terms denoting pathological changes in blood cells; terms denoting methods of studying the blood system; hematological terms denoting diseases or pathological conditions of the body. It is established that according to the structural characteristics, the terms of veterinary hematology can be simple, complex, or phrases. Difficulties in translating veterinary hematology terms lie in the specificity of terms, their bulkiness, the presence of a significant number of synonyms, abbreviations, eponyms, as well as constant updating of terminology as a result of the interpenetration of commonly used and special veterinary hematological, medical, biological terms. For texts on veterinary hematology, generally accepted approaches to applying translation transformations are used. In particular, they can apply grammatical, lexical, and lexical-grammatical transformations. Grammatical transformations include grammatical substitutions, offsets, additions, and omissions (antonymic translation, full transformation, and compensation). Lexical transformations used to translate veterinary hematology terminology include practical transcription, mixed transcoding, adaptive transcoding, transliteration and loan-translation. Originality. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the terminology of veterinary hematology was analyzed as a separate structure of veterinary terminology, the features of the formation of the terminology of clinical veterinary hematology were highlighted, its lexical and semantic features were established. Systematization of lexical units of thematic and structural classifications is carried out, respectively. Methods of translating veterinary hematology terminology into Ukrainian are indicated. The peculiarities of the formation of clinical terminology of veterinary medicine on the example of veterinary hematology and the need for its further detailed study for the formation of adequate translation skills are proved. Conclusion. The terminology of veterinary hematology essentially reflects a wide range of terminological meanings of clinical veterinary medicine, which are constantly being developed and updated. A detailed structural analysis of the terminology of veterinary hematology in the future will allow us to study clinical terminology and features of its adequate translation in more depth.