Abstract
The authors raise the problem that appears from the difference in the content of the concepts “historical and cultural monument”, “antiques” and “archaeological object”, which ultimately leads to the connivance of such illegal activities as the looting of archaeological sites. Activities related to trade, exchange, donation of archaeological objects are often perceived as quite legitimate. Thus, the civil turnover of archaeological objects is one of the main factors stimulating criminal “black digging” that destroys historical and cultural monuments. According to Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 73 of 25.06.2002, all archaeological objects are subject to mandatory transfer to the state in accordance with the procedure established by the federal body for the protection of cultural heritage objects, i.e. any actions on civil turnover of archaeological objects are subject to mandatory encumbrance.
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