Жизненные ориентации лиц мужского пола с разным социальным статусом

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the content features of the life orientations of males with different social status – students and those sentenced to imprisonment, to assess ideas about the main and meaning of life, as well as about life principles that are a means of personal self-development. The structure and content of life orientations is defined as the subject of this study, the purpose of which is to analyze and describe the features of life orientations contained in the ideas about life rules in men with different social status. The research methodology was based on the following theoretical positions: the concept of values and value orientations, the concept of meaning-life orientations, the concept of life orientations, the concept of life principles as a means of personal self-development of a person, ideas about the main things in life and the meanings of life in the works of domestic psychologists.
 At different stages of scientific research, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of psychological literature on the problem under study, the method of unfinished sentences, a retrospective questionnaire of life principles. The total volume of the empirical sample was 150 people (convicts of the Kirovo-Chepetsk correctional colony (n=74) and students of the Vyatka State University Sports Faculty (n=76). A direct empirical study was conducted in 2019 using the method of unfinished sentences and a retrospective questionnaire of N. A. Nizovskikh's life principles. Mathematical and statistical data processing included the calculation of descriptive statistics, which was implemented in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics v 27 software products.
 Based on the results of theoretical and analytical studies, the similarity of the structure of life orientations in the two groups of respondents studied was determined, represented through the attitude of the subject to himself and others, as well as through the manifestation of attitudes to life, nature and values, etc. (there are nine generalized constructs in total). It was found that the content of the life values of students and convicts have both similarities and differences. The majority of respondents borrowed life principles from their parents, it was also found that some of the principles are formulated in the process of communication and interaction with significant others.
 The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the essential constructs of life orientations, presented in the rules of life and ideas about the main thing in life and the meaning of life, the description of generalized constructs of life orientations of men with different social status. The practical significance of the conducted research consists in the possibility, according to the criterion of priority life orientations, to organize a psychological design of the internal picture of the subject's life activity.