Предпосылки разработки свода правил “Противопожарная защита объектов культурного наследия”

Abstract

Effective use of cultural heritage objects is nowadays a very actual problem. Main trends of cultural heritage object modification for modern use are multifunctional complexes, business centers, hotels, educational institutions. Also there is successful experience of modification of industrial architecture into exhibition areas, concert venues, art-venues, modification of historic building complexes. Russian and international normative documents with fire safety requirements for cultural heritage objects are analyzed in this work with respect to design experience, and improvement proposals are developed. Reconstruction, major repair, modification for modern use for cultural heritage objects can result in contradictions between requirements of Federal Law No. 123 “Fire Safety Regulation” and space-planning and construction solutions which are protected as cultural heritage elements. At the same time, some space-planning solutions at the objects can’t be taken into account in fire risk assessment according to approved technique (RF Emercom Order on 30.06.2009 No. 382). As a result it’s difficult to accept appropriate use of this technique in such cases. It’s suggested to develop Code of Practice which could explain and validate design solutions in such cases. Before technique actualization it’s suggested to develop Special Technical Regulations for fire protection of these objects. Building elements, which are not taken into account in the technique, can be included in fire assessment by expert coefficients to use upper limits of evacuation time in the assessment. Actual for practice specialists, typical for cultural heritage object problems are considered in this work: protection of multi-storied spaces with open stairways; automatic fire-suppression installations; historic doors in fire partitions; smoke control systems. Suggestions for application of such fire protection facilities at cultural heritage objects are formulated.