ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ ОТ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ НАВОЗОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ СТОКОВ ДОИЛЬНОГО ЗАЛА

Abstract

The abatement of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production is an important task of today. One solution is to reduce the generated amount of organic waste and the number of operations required for its transportation and application as they contribute to lower fuel consumption. A mitigation measure of carbon dioxide emissions is to cut down the quantity of manure-bearing wastewater from milking parlors and use it most effectively. The study aimed to assess the environmental effect of this measure. The carbon dioxide emissions were assessed by comparing two technologies. Technology 1 included the use of milking parlor wastewater in a greenhouse and the field application of manure. Technology 2, the basic one, featured the field introduction of milking parlor wastewater mixed with manure. A mathematical optimization model was applied to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions per ton of milk. The optimization problem solving showed that these emissions from the farm with 600-650 milking cows may differ by 4.9% depending on the technology option. The normative data and theoretical research results were used to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions from the fertilizer application units for a farm with 640 milking cows and a specific wastewater output of 7 l/cow/day. The planned milk productivity was 25 kg/cow/day. The MZHT-23 fertilizer application machine aggregated by T-150K tractor was employed. This machine unit transported the liquid organic fertilizers over a distance of 7 km and had a capacity of 22.9 t/h. The study established that the technology with manure management in the greenhouse (Technology 1) will reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the units transporting organic fertilizers to the fields by 11.1%, as compared with the basic technology.