Декарбонизация мобильных энергетических средств, используемых в сельскохозяйственном производстве

Abstract

With the climate change, of the world’s leading countries have been carrying out the policy of decarbonization, i.e. reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture are internal combustion engines of mobile power vehicles. The transition to “green” technologies is expected to reduce the amount of toxic exhaust gases the transition to “green” technologies. In this regard, the development of new environmentally friendly energy sources (hybrid electric drive, hydrogen fuel cells and batteries) is relevant for mobile power vehicles. An analysis of the prospects for the decarbonization of mobile energy vehicles, given in scientific articles and analytical reviews, showed that the use of a hybrid scheme with a diesel generator set, energy storage devices and an electric drive can only partially reduce exhaust emissions. Modern hydrogen fuel cells make it possible to obtain electrical energy without emitting harmful emissions, but they are difficult to manufacture and expensive. Batteries are the most promising energy sources for mobile power vehicles. They do not emit toxic substances during their operation, but have high energy intensity and resource. However, with mass use, it is necessary to study the issue of their reuse and disposal. The results of the conducted research have identified the main trends in the development of mobile power means. In the long term, the decarbonization of agricultural mobile energy vehicles should be carried out through the designing of energy vehicles of low power (up to 50 kW) on batteries with electric transmission or medium and high power (more than 50 kW) on hydrogen fuel cells with electric transmission.