Abstract
This study quantifies the energy, environmental, economic, and resource co-benefits and risks of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement for China’s passenger vehicle fleet. A bottom-up model is established, which can address energy, environmental, economic and resource impacts from the passenger vehicle fleet within one unified framework. The results indicate that for passenger vehicles, the target of GHG emissions abatement generally synergizes with the targets of petroleum security enhancement, urban air quality improvement, and transport cost reduction but conflicts with the targets of rare metal conservation and transport well-being improvement. When the co-benefits and risks are taken into consideration, the design of the GHG emissions abatement scheme becomes more complicated. It is critical to adopt an overall optimization approach so that major co-benefits and risks can be considered and assessed. Such an approach can help prepare more appropriate GHG emission abatement policies.
Highlights
The Paris Agreement targets to control the temperature increase at the global level to below 2 ◦C above pre-industrial levels [1]
A wide range of policies designed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement have been or will be implemented worldwide [2]
In the transport sector, the reduction of GHG emissions can be achieved by the optimFizoartieoxnamofplteh,einentheregtyrasntrsupcotrutrsee,cwtohr,icthemreadnuscttihoant otfheGHdeGpeenmdiesnsicoensoncaonilbwe iallchgieenverdalbly bthee aollpetviimatiezda.tiHonowoef vtehre, tehneedrgepyesntdruenctcueroen, welhecictrhicmitye,ahnysdtrhoagtenthaendeopthenerdeanltceernoantivoeilfuweillslwgielnl ienrcarlelyasbee
Summary
The Paris Agreement targets to control the temperature increase at the global level to below 2 ◦C above pre-industrial levels [1]. Climate change mitigation has become the top agenda for the international community Under such a circumstance, a wide range of policies designed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement have been or will be implemented worldwide [2]. Aiming at mitigating GHG emissions, these policies may induce new energy, environmental, economic and resource impacts, as Figure 1 illustrates. Ssotumdeiesstuhdaivese eixntteenndsievdeltyheerxeasmeainrcehdstchoepeefbfyecitnivcleundeisnsgoffewvacroio-buesnGefiHtsG aenmdisrissiokns ssaubcahteams eanirt qpuoalilciiteys.imSopmroevsetumdeinest e[3x,t4e]n, dheudmthane rheesaealtrhch[5s,c6o],paenbdy rinescoluudrcinegdfeepwlectoio‐bne[n7e,f8i]t,s eatcn.dTrhiseksse ssutuchdiaessainirvqeustailgitayteimd phroowvedmifefenrte[n3t,4c]l,imhuamteapnohliecailetshm[5a,6y],leaanddtroesdoiuffrecreendtepcole-tbieone[fi7t,8s]a, netdc. These studies investigated how different climate policies may lead to different co‐benefits and risks. Few studies examined the related energy, environmental, economic and resource impacts. Few studies examined the related energy, environmental, economic and resource iwmitphaicntsonweiuthniinfieodnefruamniefiwedorfkra. Tmoefwilol trhki.sTgoapfi,llbythuissignagpC, hbiynua’ssinpgasCsehningaer’svpeahsicsleenfgleeertvaeshaincleexflaemept laes, athnisexsatmudpyle,atihmiss sttoudayssaeimsssGtoHaGsseesms GissHioGnesmainsdsioansssoacnidataesdsoecniaetregdye, neenrvgiyr,oennmviernontaml,eenctoaln,oemcoincoamnidc arensdourerscoeuimrcepaimctspaucntds eurnmdeurltmipuleltippolleicpyoalincyd atencdhnteoclhongoylodgeyvedloepvemloepnmt secnetnsacreionsa.rWiose.eWxpeeecxtpthecatt tthhaist tshtuisdsytucdany hcaenlphaenlpswanerswhoewr heonweregnye,regnyv, iernovnimroennmtaeln, etaclo,neocomniocmanicdarnedsoruerscoeuirmcepiamctpsaicnttseirnatcetrwacitthwtihthe tmheitimgaittiigoantioofnGoHf GGHeGmeismsiiossniso,nhso, hwowclicmliamteatpeopliocliiecsieisninthtehetrtarnasnpsporotrtsesectcotorraafffefecctttthheeaacchhiieevveemmeenntt ooff ootthheerr ssoocciioo-‐eeccoonnoommiicc ggooaallss,, aanndd hhooww ttoo iiddeennttiiffyy ffeeaassiibbllee ppaatthhwwaayyss ffoorr aacchhiieevviinngg mmuullttiippllee ggooaallss
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