Отделение Церкви от государства: как это происходило в советской России

Abstract

Данная статья посвящена обзору и анализу государственных законодательных актов, которыми вводился принцип отделения Церкви от государства в Советской России в 1917-1918 гг. Также приводятся события, сопровождавшие реализацию данного принципа, реакция церковной власти и простых верующих на них. Правовая и историческая оценка данного материала говорит об абсолютной незаконности этих мероприятий и катастрофических последствиях для России. This article is devoted to the review and analysis of state legislative acts, which introduced the principle of separation of Church and state in Soviet Russia in 1917-1918. Described are the events that accompanied the implementation of this principle, the reaction of Church authorities and ordinary believers. Legal and historical evaluation of this material shows the absolute illegality of these measures, their harmfulness and catastrophic consequences for Russia. The author researched to what extent the policy of the Bolsheviks regarding relations with the Church can be considered a realization of the principle of separation of the Church and state. The practice of other countries, which the Bolsheviks did not hesitate to refer to, shows a completely different approach to the implementation of this principle, which did not involve an attempt to completely destroy the Church as an ideological enemy. The principled position of the Local Council of the Orthodox Russian Church of 1917-1918 and His Holiness Patriarch Tikhon, in which they expressed strong condemnation of the practice of introducing this principle, prophetically pointed to the tragic consequences of these actions. Even a century later, some of the consequences are felt. To overcome them it is vital to turn to their very source.