Особенности и закономерности течения фотоиндуцированного тромбоза ретинальных вен в эксперименте

Abstract

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) was first described in the 19th century, but some aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease remain controversial to this day [1]. In the development of retinal vein obturation hemorheological, coagulation, hemodynamic and immune-inflammatory factors are important [2, 3]. Creation of an experimental model of CRVO and its branches (BRVO) as close as possible to the natural course of the disease, will provide new knowledge about the pathogenesis of retinal vein obturation, which may help in the development of a new method for treating this pathology. Purpose. To study patterns of the course of photoinduced retinal vein occlusion in an in vivo experiment. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 40 rabbits, which reproduced photoinduced CRVO and BRVO by introducing «Photoditazine» and laser irradiation of the retinal vessels of the right eye. The left eye of the animals remained intact and constituted the comparison group. On days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after the intervention, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography of the retina was performed, and 10 rabbits were taken out of the experiment, followed by enucleation, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and light microscopy of the structures of the posterior segment of the eyeball. Fluorescein angiography retinal vessels was performed on days 3 and 7 after modeling thrombosis of the retinal vein. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 program. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. With experimental photoinduced CRVO and BRVO, a mixed thrombus is formed in the vessel, occupying more than half of the retinal vein diameter, which causes an increase in the time of venous perfusion by 2.0 times (p = 0.047) compared with the intact eyes of rabbits, as well as pronounced microcirculation disorders, leading to the development of cystic macular edema and the appearance of non-perfused areas of the retina. Conclusions. An experimental study of photoinduced thrombosis of the retinal veins confirmed the feasibility of early treatment before the occurrence of complications of occlusion of the CRVO and BRVO, since changes in chorioretinal structures and hemodynamic disturbances in the retinal vessels microvasculature appear as early as 1-3 days after the formation of a thrombus in the retinal vessel lumen. Keywords: experimental model, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, pathogenesis, microcirculation