Классификация документов как теоретическая проблема в делопроизводстве и архивном деле

Abstract

For archival and documentary studies, classification issues are of key importance for the development of the methodology of scientific research, the results of which should be applied in practice. The issues of document classification were raised by scientists and specialists in the field of working with documents throughout the Soviet period. K.G. Mityaev paid a lot of attention to the problem of document classification. He was the first to draw attention to the fact that it is necessary to achieve conjugation in the classification of documents in office work and archive. In archival science and archival work, the question of the classification of documents has traditionally been associated with the development of lists of documents with an indication of storage periods. The purpose of the selection of documents for archival storage determined the approach to the classification of documents as the formation of complexes of document systems and subsystems formed as a result of documenting various areas of society. In document science, the problem of document classification resulted in the development of the concept of "document type" and the construction of a specific classification scheme. The problem of classification was actualized in connection with the development of unified documentation systems and raised in the scientific research of A.N. Sokova on document systematics. Her attempt to deepen the classification scheme to the level of a document was unsuccessful and in document science the concept of "document type" was fixed in the meaning of the classification unit of documents with a common self-designation, functional purpose and design features. Modern possibilities of using information technologies in working with documents allow us to take a different look at solving the problem of document classification. It is necessary to abandon the idea of constructing a universal hierarchical classification, which is a flat, linear model. It is necessary to create an integral classification structure, which is based on numerous internal relationships between meanings. The model of such an integral classification is the database of the information system. The classification scheme of the database is based on specific measurements (details, attributes, indicators), the meanings of which are determined using the reference book. At the same time, the composition of classification measurements for all documents in one information system will be the same, but the values of these measurements for each document will be different. Practical possibilities for classifying documents are associated with the need to solve a number of theoretical problems. It is necessary to determine the composition of measurements for constructing a classification scheme and to establish those that are uniform for information systems in management and in the archive.