Abstract
The article presents the results of evaluating the anti-weed effectiveness of the methods of basic tillage and their effect on the quantitative and species composition of weeds in the field crop rotation with the following alternation: 1-h / pair; 2-winter wheat; 3-spring wheat; 4-mustard (siderate); 5-winter wheat; 6-barley. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk Research Institute- branch of the Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2015-2021. The usual dump and non-dump, as well as fine mulching, zero and ridge tillage were studied. Autumn plowing at 20-22cm was taken as a control in the experiments. (PLN-4-35). Analysis of the infestation of fields at the time of harvest indicates that the annual plowing by 20-22 cm was distinguished by increased anti-weed efficiency, where the total number of weeds averaged 18.1 pcs./m2 with a weight of 24.9 g/m2. Of the ploughless options, the less clogged ones were those with a 20-22cm non-fallow treatment, with shallow comb-back treatment and comb-back with soil deepening, where the number of weeds remained at the control level. 17,9-18,4-18,1 pcs / m2, but there was an increase in the mass of weeds by 5-12%. Variants of fine processing, surface peeling with a stubble-laying machine and without autumn mechanical processing contributed to an increase in the weeding of crops compared to plowing, both in terms of quantity and above-ground mass of weeds by 10-12-15%, and 12-19%. It was noted that the formation of significantly larger biomass and the number of juvenile weeds was ensured on fertilized backgrounds, the harmfulness of perennial weeds decreased with an increase in the level of fertilization.
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