РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОСВІТИ ДЛЯ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ТРУДОВІЙ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ: В ПОШУКАХ НАЙКРАЩИХ КЕЙСІВ

Abstract

Changes in the socio-economic processes of Ukraine, requirements for integration into the European educational space, and low competitiveness of industries lead to several priorities, including education reform and education policy changes. These changes should be linked to the policy of economic development, social protection, employment in a sustainable context. Additionally, European integration imposes special conditions on graduates, such as lifelong learning, communication skills, and teamwork. Therefore, there is a need to study public policy in education to determine its main directions, advantages, and disadvantages. At the same time, it is essential to involve social partners in developing, managing, and monitoring educational programs. Employers have a crucial role in avoiding unwanted migration due to loss of skills and due to non-specialty employment, for instance. The research aims to find best practices in reforming the education system that reduce the gap between employers’ expectations and graduates’ qualifications and, as a result, positively impact labor migration. The historical overview of reforming the Ukrainian educational system coupled with the migration growth was developed to reveal the patterns. Several different cases were presented regarding the reforming, as well as the best EU practices. Dual education is one of the most perspective forms of social partnership between employers and educational institutions that leads to creativity, practice-oriented learning, and, hence, the unemployment rate decrease after graduation. The rapid development of technology will lead to the disappearance of professions and the need to relearn every five years; approaches to the organization of learning must also change to meet the demands of modern times. The country of origin of dual education is Germany, whose pattern is considered the best practice, so Germany is the largest "exporter" of dual education management. That became a beacon of arousing interest in a third of the world in all macro-regions, some of which are experimenting with dual education implementation. However, the education systems of countries have significant differences due to social, economic, historical factors. It is impossible to completely copy the German pattern of the dual education management system in Germany due to the complexity and evolutionary stability of the relationship between stakeholders, but this leads to the need to find ways to adapt the "standard" to national contexts. The article presents the main points of spreading the stable principles of the German pattern in the countries of the world.