ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ НАРОДНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА СССР И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ИНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РОСТА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

Abstract

The research is aimed at studying and analyzing the experience of spatial development of the national economy of the USSR in order to develop proposals and recommendations for ensuring inclusive growth of the modern Russian economy. Goal. To give a system of arguments proving that the experience of spatial development of the national economy of the USSR in the Arctic region should not only be used to the maximum, but also scaled up to ensure inclusive, involving all segments of the population and increasing their well-being of the development of the modern economy of Russia. Tasks. To prove the necessity and determine the main directions for the creation and functioning of a large transport and transit corporation in the Arctic region - a modern superorganization following the example of the spatial development of the USSR. To pay special attention to the directions of ensuring inclusive growth of the Arctic economy through the development of North-South trade routes and strengthening the economic sovereignty of Russia. Methodology. The research uses the methods of system analysis, evolutionary and institutional theory, the theory of production and technological balance and technical and economic structures, expert and analytical assessments, content analysis of periodical materials. Results. It is determined that the priority project should be the construction and year-round transit use of the Great Northern Railway (VSP) and the North-South transport corridor in order to multiply the export of transport services in the Arctic zone. It is established that after the collapse of the USSR and the independence of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, the spatial organization of the Russian economy took on an even greater northern, Arctic character. The increase in the priority of the development programs of the Russian Arctic should be accompanied by the establishment of cooperation and strengthening of integration with the southern states of the Eurasian space, the infrastructure basis of which will be the new trade routes of the XXI century in the direction of «North - South» and the development of their innovation and industrial belts. Conclusions. On the basis of historical and economic studies and analysis of the experience of spatial development of the national economy of the USSR, the conclusion is made about the relevance and necessity of creating and developing new organizational and institutional forms of functioning of the Arctic economy, the formation of trade routes of the XXI century and their innovative and industrial belts both in the direction of «East-West» (the Northern Sea Route, the Great Northern Way) and «North-South» (the Arctic Ocean - Indian Ocean transport corridor).