АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ТА ПІДХОДІВ ОЦІНКИ МАШИН І ОБЛАДНАННЯ НА КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЬ В ІСТОРИЧНІЙ РЕТРОСПЕКТИВІ

Abstract

Modern economics has developed a huge number of scientific methods and approaches to assess the efficiency and competitiveness of production and use of fixed assets. Machinery and equipment are not only the final product of consumption, but also a source for the production of new goods or services for profit. Based on this specificity of fixed assets, there are so many methodological approaches that sometimes duplicate each other, complement or simply are only a partial solution to the task assigned to them. Therefore, the analysis of the emergence of methods for assessing the competitiveness of machinery and equipment is relevant and of practical importance. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of methods of evaluating machines and equipment for competitiveness. The following scientific methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, deductive method, analogy method, modeling, system approach, abstraction method. The study found that a large number of scientific methods and approaches are used to determine the competitiveness of fixed assets. One of the first practical methods of evaluation was the use of indicators of general and comparative efficiency, which were an inefficient approach that did not provide an assessment of multifunctional methods. The solution to these problems was the development and application of differential, integral and mixed coefficients of competitiveness. But they are very difficult to use in a competitive environment. They have been replaced by costly, market-based and profitable approaches to assessing the competitiveness of equipment. In the current environment, it is difficult for them to gather information from ordinary producers, so they come to the aid of the proposed approach of M. Porter and other researchers who have developed his ideas through boundary analysis. Thus, scientific approaches and methods of assessing the competitiveness of technology have come a long way from determining the efficiency of equipment on the main indicator, integrated methods to the limit and institutional criteria. Each method has the right to life and practical use in economic activities of enterprises.