СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ОСНОВНІ ІДЕЇ НОВОЇ КЕЙНСІАНСЬКОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Abstract

The world economy and the phenomena that emerge in it are developing so rapidly in the current environment that traditional scientific schools, methods or recommendations are unable to actively explain them, let alone provide practical recommendations to governments on how to implement effective economic policies. All of the schools of thought that flourished in the early twentieth century have undergone modifications, crises, or have fallen out of favor in academic debate or public policy over the past hundred years. The economic crisis of 2007-2009 put more than one economic school or trend in a hopeless situation. In these conditions, the followers of classical Keynesianism, the scholars of the "new Keynesian economy", made quite successful attempts to explain the causes of crises and imbalances in the modern economy and offered practical recommendations for their prevention. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main postulates and effective proposals of researchers of the new Keynesian economy. Methods. The following scientific methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, deductive method, analogy method, modeling, system approach, abstraction method. Results. New Keynesian economics is based on the postulates of classical Keynesianism and contains elements of classical economics and microeconomic analysis. By accepting that the economy operates under imperfect competition, wages and unemployment are procyclical, and output depends on aggregate demand, which is affected by nominal and real rigidities, New Keynesians have found quite effective explanations and practical recommendations for forecasting and modeling economic processes. As a result, the need for government intervention in the economy has returned to the economic discussion. Conclusion. Representatives of the new Keynesian economics were able to adapt to changes in the global economy and proposed effective scientific methods and approaches to solve economic problems and explain phenomena that arise in the modern economy. Their postulates on nominal and real cruelties that arise under conditions of imperfect competition can be used in fiscal and monetary economic policy.