ПУТИ СОХРАНЕНИЯ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ НАРОДНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЙ И РОДНОГО ЯЗЫКА НА ПРИМЕРЕ АНАЛИЗА «ЛЕМАНТАРА» И.А. ГЛАДКОГО

Abstract

The article discusses the issues of preserving the traditions of Belarusian people, transferring knowledge about their culture to the younger generation through textbooks intended for studying the Belarusian language. Using the example of the analysis of “Lemantar” (primer book), compiled by I.A. Gladky (Adam Varlyga, 1890–1972), a professional teacher and enthusiast of the Belarusian language, shows how the teaching of the native language and culture was carried out in families and schools created for children of Belarusian origin living far from their homeland. “Lemantar” consists of two parts, the first of which is written in Latin, and the second in Cyrillic, since Belarusians have used both fonts for a long time. In the primer, the Latin font is the leading or guiding one, since from a scientific point of view it is best suited for reflecting the expressiveness of the sounds of the Belarusian language. Moreover, this teaching order meets pedagogical and methodological requirements, since it is a single complex with a gradual transition from foreign writing to the native language with all its features. A detailed phonetic, grammatical and linguistic analysis of each part of the primer is presented. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the content of the textbook, especially its second part. It is emphasized that teaching the linguistic and cultural realities of the Belarusian people is based on poems, conversations on various topics, folk tales and parables, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the mentality of Belarusians, as well as introducing children to universal values. It is concluded that teaching aids like “Lemantar”, rich in regional studies and linguistic material, conveying the flavor of the life of Belarusian people, their lifestyle, holidays, family and work traditions, are of particular relevance, because, on the one hand, they reproduce ethnic tradition aimed at preserving national culture, on the other hand, include international subjects that are read as existentially important for any person.