Formation Of Zone Research Articles

On the Restoration Damage of the Historical City Wall of Mühlhausen, Thuringia, Germany

ABSTRACT Gypsum-bearing rocks and mortars were often used to build historical masonries. In many cases, the restoration of such buildings with unsuitable binders resulted in severe damages of the masonry due to the formation and swelling of hydrous sulfate minerals. Here, we have studied an extreme case of damage, which occurred due to inappropriate restoration of the historical city wall in Mühlhausen (Thuringia, Germany). To understand the causes for the fatal wall degradation, we collected samples from the wall interior during its deconstruction and analyzed them by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and LA-ICP-MS. The investigations reveal the formation of concentric reaction zones of secondary ettringite and gypsum, which occur particularly around emplaced anchors at the contact between injected cement and gypsum-bearing masonry materials. The swelling in ettringite reaction rings produced concentric cracks around anchors, in which gypsum precipitated from sulfate-bearing solutions. This process of swelling, cracking, and precipitation repeated in periods of water entry and resulted in the formation of multiple laminated gypsum layers in a transition zone. We conclude that the fatal damage of the city wall of Mühlhausen is primarily due to ettringite formation, because gypsum precipitated in empty cracks, likely exerting no extensional forces on the masonry structure.

Mechanisms of early diabetic retinopathy development (experimental study)

Background. The study of the diabetic retinopathy (DR) mechanisms should be comprehensive and include the assessment of various interconnected cellular and molecular processes initiated by hyperglycemia. The purpose was to study the mechanisms for the development of the initial stage of DR in an experiment in order to determine the main and secondary pathological processes in the re­tina. Materials and methods. Diabetes mellitus and DR were modeled in male Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich Co, China). On the 28th day of the experiment, immunohistochemical studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), heavy neurofilaments, caspase-3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), S100 protein (Master Diagnostica, USA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; Invitrogen, USA). Results. Early manifestations of DR included edema and detached retinal layers, dilation of the venous bed with microthrombosis, formation of diffuse zones of ischemia, foci of pathological angiogenesis (microaneurysms), degeneration of ganglion cells, retinal nuclear layer thinning. Astrocytes, Müller cells and their processes actively expressed GFAP and S100 protein, which indicated the development of reactive gliosis. Calcium overload in these cells could contribute to their death through apoptosis, which was confirmed by an eleva­ted caspase-3 expression. A significant increase in the VEGF expression by macroglia whose processes formed tight couplings around the retinal capillaries could stimulate pathological angiogenesis. The development of neurodegeneration was confirmed by a significant decrease in the expression of neurofilaments in the nerve fiber layers and an increase in the neuronal damage marker, NSE. Conclusions. Excessive activation of macroglia (reactive gliosis) can be considered a primary link in the pathogenesis of DR whose correction can complement anti-VEGF therapy or be used separately to prevent the development of DR in the early stages.

The Potential of Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 as Local Indonesian Cellulolytic Inoculum in the Fermentation of Gliricidia sepium Leaf Meal

The study aimed to test the cellulolytic ability of Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 inoculum as local Indonesian isolates and their application in the fermentation of Gliricidia sepium leaf meal. Measurement of cellulolytic ability includes qualitative cellulase activity (measurement of clear zone formation around fungal colonies) and quantitative cellulase activity (measurement of the amount of reducing sugar produced by broth enzymes from fungal cultures). Experiments of Gliricidia sepium fermentation using Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 were each designed using Completely Randomized Design. The treatments used consisted of fermentation duration of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 days—identification of Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 species using molecular identification method. The research results show that qualitative cellulase activities in Trichoderma AA2 were significantly higher compared to Trichoderma AA1. The CZD/CD ratio of Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 were 2.39±0.11 and 1.97±0.10, respectively. The CMC-ase activity of Trichoderma AA2 was 0.332±0.038 µmol/ml/min, and this was significantly higher compared to TrichodermaAA2, which was only 0.201±0.021 µmol/ml/min. Gliricidia sepium fermentation using AA1 and AA2 inoculum showed increased nutritional value, including soluble protein content, In-vitro digestibility of dry matter, and In-vitro digestibility of organic matter in 2 and 4 days of fermentation. There was a decrease in nutritional value in 6 days of fermentation. Trichoderma AA1 and AA2 were identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma asperellum, respectively. The study concluded that T. Koningiopsis AA1 and T. Asperellum AA2 were proven to have cellulolytic abilities and could be used as inoculum in Gliricidia sepium fermentation to increase its nutritional value.

Study on the evolution law of the ‘Butterfly-type’ plastic zone in the surrounding rock of deep dynamic pressure roadway

The formation and development of plastic zone in the surrounding rock is the essence of large deformation damage to the surrounding rock in deep, highly stressed roadway. The −850 m roadway of the Qujiang mine is laid flat longitudinally under the 805 working face and coal pillar, and under the influence of the mining movement of the upper working face and the pre-stressing pressure of the coal pillar, the periphery of the roadway is no longer a pure non-uniform stress field, but a non-uniform stress field with both vertical and horizontal dynamic pressure. Based on the Hoek–Brown strength criterion, the unified strength theory is modified and the nonlinear unified strength theory of rock is established by comprehensively considering the intermediate principal stress, rock properties and rock structure. The boundary line equation of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock with non-uniform stress field under mining is proposed, and the effects of lateral pressure coefficient, Hoek–Brown parameter and intermediate principal stress as well as dynamic pressure coefficient on the morphology of the plastic zone are investigated. The results show that: (1) When the lateral pressure coefficient λ ≠ 1.0, the plastic zone of the surrounding rock expands in the direction of inclination to the corners of the roadway, and the whole is similar to the “butterfly-type”, and the more the value of λ deviates from l.0, the more the shape of the plastic zone is similar to the “butterfly-type”. (2) Regarding the dynamic pressure coefficient and the change curve of the radius of the plastic zone, whether it is the shallow stress field or the deep stress field, the curve is the first smooth growth, and the dynamic pressure coefficient reaches a certain value (about Di = 2.5), and the radius of the plastic zone starts to show a sharp nonlinear growth, which is a ‘sharp lifting type’. The influence of the dynamic pressure coefficient on the radius of the plastic zone exists Dξ critical dynamic pressure coefficient. (3) The influence of intermediate principal stresses on the extent of the plastic zone and the magnitude of displacements in the pavement enclosure is inter-zonal in nature. The study on the evolution of the “butterfly-type” plastic zone is of great theoretical and practical significance for the development and utilisation of deep underground resources.

A Study on the Fracture of Brittle Heterogeneous Materials Using Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics and the Energy Distribution Function.

The fracture process of heterogeneous materials is studied here in the framework of the discipline of Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics. Acoustic emission data provided by an experimental protocol with concrete specimens, plain or fiber-reinforced, under bending are taken advantage of. This innovation of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the acoustic activity is implemented in terms of the energy content of the acoustic signals rather than of their interevent time or their interevent distance. The Energy Distribution Functions were properly fitted using the expression proposed by Shcherbakov, Kuksenko and Chmelet. This study reveals that the loading and fracture processes of the specific materials are definitely non-additive and non-extensive. It is concluded that the presence of notches is crucial since it assigns non-additivity and non-extensivity from relatively low loading levels due to the early formation of the fracture process zone around the crown of the notch. The values of the Tsallis entropic index, q, that were determined are in very good agreement with the respective ones obtained in previous studies by means of different analysis tools. Finally, a clear correlation between the index q and the average energy content of the acoustic signals is highlighted for the whole range of values of the energy content of the acoustic signals.

Transoral C2 osteotomy for treatment of severe irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation after odontoid fracture: about 3 cases.

To report the outcomes of transoral C2 osteotomy (or partial odontoidectomy) and posterior fixation, regarding efficacy and safety, in patients with severe irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) following odontoid fracture. Transoral C2 osteotomy, soft tissue resection, with or without facet joint release, followed by posterior fixation were performed on 3 patients (2012, 2016, 2023) who were suffering from severe IAAD after an odontoid fracture with spinal cord compression. The radiological and clinical outcomes were then assessed. All 3 patients had satisfactory release of their spinal cord compression and good reduction of their IAAD. No neurological or vascular complications were reported. No instrumentation failure, radiolucent zone formation around the screws, infection, or recurrence of dislocation were encountered neither. Bony fusion was successfully achieved in every patient. Transoral C2 osteotomy (or partial odontoidectomy), soft tissue resection, with or without facet joint release, followed by posterior fixation is an effective and reliable method to treat severe IAAD after odontoid fractures.

Regularities of Plastic Deformation Zone Formation Around Unsupported Shafts in Tectonically Disturbed Massive Rock

In the presented paper, an approach to assessing the size of the plastic deformation zone around a circular cavity intersecting a crushed disintegrated layer in tectonically stressed massive rock is suggested. Fractured rock zones of different quality and spatial configurations are investigated in order to predict the size of dangerous plastic deformation zones or zones of potential rock collapses. The analysis is performed by means of numerical modeling after preliminary verification of the model by in situ and monitoring data. The paper explores the impact of such parameters of the fractured rock zone as the GSI index, the true thickness of the zone, and its inclination angle relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the excavation. It was found that with the increase in the thickness and angle of inclination of the fractured rock zone, the size of the hazardous zone in the vicinity of the excavation increases, while with the increase in its strength characteristics, the size of the potential failure zone decreases. According to the results of the study, qualitative dependencies are established, which localize and predict the size of the danger zone, or the potential failure zone in the vicinity of an unfixed excavation.

Bacteria-Inspired Synthesis of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Novel Synergistic Approach in Controlling Biofilm and Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections pose a critical challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in nosocomial settings. This drug-resistant bacterium forms biofilms and produces an array of virulent factors regulated by quorum sensing. In this study, metal-tolerant bacteria were isolated from a metal-contaminated site and screened for their ability to synthesize multifunctional nanocomposites (NCs). Rapid color changes in the reaction solution evidenced the biotransformation process. The potent isolated Bacillus cereus SASAK, identified via 16S rRNA sequencing and deposited in GenBank under accession number MH885570, facilitated the microbial-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and silver-doped ZnO NCs. These biogenic nanocomposites were characterized using UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, HRTEM, FESEM, and EDX analyses. At a sub-MIC concentration of 100 µg/mL, 2% Ag-ZnO NCs effectively inhibited virulent factor production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa without affecting bacterial growth. Notably, there was a significant reduction in violacein pigment (96.25%), swarming motility, and pyocyanin concentration (1.87 µg/mL). Additionally, biofilm formation (81.1%) and EPS production (83.9%) using P. aeruginosa were substantially hindered, along with reduced extracellular protease activity, as indicated by zone formation (from 2.3 to 1.8 cm). This study underscores the potential of Ag-ZnO NCs as promising agents for combating quorum sensing-mediated virulence in chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.

Ex situ fabrication and bioactivity characterization of Neem and Sage-infused bacterial cellulose membranes for sustainable antimicrobial applications.

This study presents the ex situ development and characterization of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes loaded with bioactive Sage and Neem extracts for enhanced antimicrobial applications. Utilizing discarded fruit waste as a cost-effective carbon source, BC production was optimized, yielding membranes with improved properties. Neem and Sage extracts, obtained via Soxhlet extraction, exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3.125mg/mL and 25mg/mL, respectively, for Neem extract, and 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL for Sage extract. These extracts (20wt%) were successfully incorporated into BC membranes ex situ, resulting in BC-Neem (BC-N) and BC-Sage (BC-S) composites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the chemical interactions between the extracts and the BC matrix, revealing the introduction of new functional groups and enhancing the composite properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated changes in morphology, indicating deeper penetration and attachment of the extracts within the BC structure. Quantitative analysis of water holding capacity demonstrated that BC-N and BC-S absorbed about 90 times water of their dry weight. Antibacterial assays through the colony-forming unit method showed that BC-N significantly inhibited S. aureus growth by 78% and E. coli by 51%, while BC-S exhibited a 48% reduction against S. aureus. Agar disc-diffusion assay showed the formation of inhibition zones of 1.2cm and 0.1cm by BC-N against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, in contrast to 0.2cm and no inhibition by BC-S composite. These results highlight the potential of bioactive plant extract-loaded BC membranes as effective antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in medical and food packaging applications.

A novel approach for improving formation of soft zone in 22MnB5 and DP600 materials by resistance spot welding

In this study, 1.5-mm thick Al-coated hot formed boron alloy 22MnB5 with martensitic structure and Zn-coated DP600 with dual phase structures, which are frequently used together in the automotive industry, were used. Instead of traditional alternating current (AC), a new generation medium–frequency direct current (MFDC) resistance spot welding method was utilized in the joining process. The uniqueness of this work is that it aims to improve the properties of the soft zone formed in the heat effect zone (HAZ) of 22MnB5 materials during resistance spot welding (RSW). For this purpose, a fixture was designed and manufactured for regional rapid cooling (RRC) of the HAZ following the welding process. During RSW, 6.5 kA welding current, 3.6 bar electrode force and 500 ms welding time were used. This RRC method aims to reduce defects in the joint strength caused by hardness changes. Welding processes were carried out in molds designed and produced in accordance with tensile-shear and cross-tension tests. Afterwards, tensile-shear, cross-tension, and fatigue tests were applied to the welded samples. In addition, the effects of the developed system on the weld zones of these samples were examined by microstructure and hardness studies. The tensile-shear and cross-tension results revealed that the regional cooling exhibited approximately 4–6% higher strength, respectively. As a result of the hardness tests, it was observed that the hardness of the tempered soft zone in the 22MnB5 HAZ of the joint increased by 6% with RRC. However, it was determined that through this developed system, RRC in fatigue tests decreased in the fatigue life of the samples at all loads.

The interplay of irradiated- and shaded zones in photoreactor scale-up

Photochemical processes enable highly-selective synthesis routes under mild reaction conditions. Yet, photoreactions are seldom implemented on industrial scale. One of the main challenges is the exponential light attenuation with increasing optical depth. As a result, few photons are available at positions far from the light source, leading to shaded zones of low reactivity. To study the effect of shaded zones, a compartment photoreactor model is presented and used for optimization of the reaction conditions, in particular during scale-up. Using photooxidation in a Taylor-flow capillary reactor as a benchmark case, the photosensitizer concentration, the light intensity and liquid mixing are identified as the key parameters for the formation and impact of shaded zones on reactor performance. It is shown that shading reduces the conversion already on lab-scale by up to 13% for operating conditions with high photosensitizer concentration and light intensity. In an upscaled reactor, intensified liquid mixing leads to an up to 4.3-fold increase in conversion

Copula Modeling and Uncertainty Propagation in Field‐Scale Simulation of CO2 Fault Leakage

AbstractSubsurface storage of is an important means to mitigate climate change, and the North Sea hosts considerable potential storage resources. To investigate the fate of over decades in vast reservoirs, numerical simulation based on realistic models is essential. Faults and other complex geological structures introduce modeling challenges as their effects on storage operations are subject to high uncertainty. We present a computational framework for forward propagation of uncertainty, including stochastic upscaling and copula representation of multivariate distributions for a storage site model with faults. The Vette fault zone in the Smeaheia formation in the North Sea is used as a test case. The stochastic upscaling method reduces the number of stochastic dimensions and the cost of evaluating the reservoir model. Copulas provide representation of dependent multidimensional random variables and a good fit to data, allow fast sampling and coupling to the forward propagation method via independent uniform random variables. The non‐stationary correlation within the upscaled flow functions are accurately captured by a data‐driven transformation model. The uncertainty in upscaled flow functions and other uncertain parameters are efficiently propagated to leakage estimates using numerical reservoir simulation of a two‐phase system of CO2 and brine. The expectations of leakage are estimated by an adaptive stratified sampling technique which effectively allocates samples in stochastic space. We demonstrate cost reduction compared to standard Monte Carlo of one or two orders of magnitude for simpler test cases, and factors 2–8 cost reduction for stochastic multi‐phase flow properties and more complex stochastic models.

A New Approach to Titanium-Hydroxyapatite-Bio Composite: Pressure-Assisted Coating on the Antibacterial and Electrochemical Properties of Ti6Al4V

This study aims to coat Ti6Al4V alloy with Ti-xHA (x = 2.5−10 wt%) mixture to improve its surface properties. A new approach using a powder metallurgical pressure-assisted sintering method was applied to the coating process. The in situ sintering and coating process was performed at 950°C for 45 min in a vacuum atmosphere of 10–4 mbar. A pressure of 50 MPa was applied during the sintering process. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 29213TM) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922TM) cultures were used to determine the antibacterial activity of the sintered and coated samples. The electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by Tafel extrapolation and potentiodynamic polarisation tests. The results showed that the coating layer containing 7.5 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HA) increased the antibacterial property against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cultures. Furthermore, it was determined that the icorr value of the material decreased and the corrosion resistance improved with an increasing HA ratio. In addition, no active-passive oxidation zone formation was observed up to 2000 mV in the HA-added samples.

Increasing Efficiency of Solvent Assisted Cyclic Steam Stimulation of the Bottomhole Formation Zone of a Carbonate Reservoir using Aquathermolysis Catalysts

Increasing Efficiency of Solvent Assisted Cyclic Steam Stimulation of the Bottomhole Formation Zone of a Carbonate Reservoir using Aquathermolysis Catalysts

Uji Potensi Isolat Rhizobakteri Menekan Pertumbuhan Jamur Antraknosa Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.) secara In Vitro

The main problem in red chili production is the attack of pests and diseases, particularly anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum spp., which can reduce yields by up to 60% if not controlled. Control methods typically involve the use of fungicides; however, excessive use can lead to pathogen resistance and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a need for more environmentally friendly control alternatives, such as the utilization of biocontrol agents like rhizobacteria. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory capacity and potential of rhizobacteria in suppressing the growth of Colletotrichum sp. fungi. In the first phase, 20 rhizobacterial isolates were tested, and 5 isolates were selected for further testing in the second screening phase. The research employed a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 6 rhizobacterial treatments with 5 replications, resulting in a total of 30 experimental units. The best inhibitory capacity was observed in rhizobacterial isolate RB 5 (2.44%) and RB 2 (2.41%). All rhizobacterial isolates exhibited variations in colony characteristics, color, and staining results. Additionally, all tested isolates showed potential for phosphate (P) solubilization, indicated by the formation of clear zones around the rhizobacterial suspensions. The highest catalase enzyme production was observed in isolates RB 3 and RB 5. While the rhizobacterial isolate RB 3 demonstrated pathogenicity, as evidenced by the softening of potato tissue after being scratched with the isolate, it still maintained a good inhibitory effect against the growth of Colletotrichum sp.

Effect of blood rheological propeties on the formation of recirculation zones behind of coronary artery stenosis

Effect of blood rheological propeties on the formation of recirculation zones behind of coronary artery stenosis

On the use of remote sensing data to study the geological structure and forecast mineral resources of the Shu-Ile suture

Purpose. This article focuses on analyzing the geodynamic processes that underline the formation of the Shu-Ile ore zone. The study is based on the principles of plume tectonics, which have gained widespread recognition in the geological community in recent decades. Methods. The article considers the main aspects of the plume-tectonic concept, including the mechanisms of mantle material flows and their impact on regional geological processes. Special attention is paid to analyzing tectonic and magmatic events associated with forming the Shu-Ile ore zone within plume-tectonic mechanisms. Findings. The study highlights the critical role of mantle plumes in influencing the geodynamic evolution of the Shu-Ile ore zone. Geochemical and geophysical evidence reveals the composition and characteristics of magmatic rocks, demonstrated a direct link between mantle plume processes and ore potential in the region. The findings underscore how mantle-derived material flows have significantly contributed to the formation of geological structures and mineral resources. Originality. The study results offer a new perspective on the geological history of the Shu-Ile ore zone, emphasizing the significance of plume tectonics as a critical factor in the geodynamic processes involved in ore deposit formation. Practical implications. This research is practical for geological studies and forecasting promising ore deposits in this region. It may serve as a basis for further research on plume tectonics and its influence on forming geological structures and mineral resources.

Stress state and mechanics of glacier shelvescollapse

The stress state of ice shelves using numerical modeling is studied. An ice shelf is modeled by an elastic plate floating on water and attached to the ice cover at a grounding point. An analytical solution for the elastic bending of the plate is obtained and it is shown that the maximum tensile stresses on the lower surface of the glacier near the grounding point can reach values of 5×107 Pa, significantly exceeding the limiting strength values of the glacier. The fragmentation of a glacier that occurs when a glacier moves under conditions of constrained compression has been studied. It is shown that deformations of the ice plate are accompanied by the formation of zones of localization of inelastic deformations (ice ridges). A comparison was made of the calculated relief of the plate surface after localization of deformations with the pattern of hummocking of the Larsen Glacier, visible on satellite images.

Study of the mechanical and tribological behaviour of a low-alloy steel treated by nitriding

This study investigates the effects of plasma nitriding treatment on the mechanical surface properties of 25Cr2Ni4W low alloy steel, using Charpy test specimens. Plasma nitriding is a surface modification process that introduces nitrogen into the steel, enhancing its hardness and wear resistance. The experimental setup involved a comparative analysis of treated and untreated specimens to evaluate the impact of the nitriding process on the material’s mechanical performance.Optical microscopy (OM) analysis of the nitrided specimen revealed the formation of a nitride zone at the surface, confirming successful nitrogen implantation. The Charpy impact test showed that the treated specimen required 72.8 Joules of energy to fracture, a significant increase of 10.3 Joules compared to the untreated specimen, which required only 62.5 Joules. This indicates that plasma nitriding improved the material’s toughness and resistance to crack propagation. Additionally, the nitriding process led to an increase in nano-hardness, as measured using nanoindentation techniques. The treated specimen exhibited a higher surface hardness compared to the untreated sample, further enhancing its wear resistance and durability. These results suggest that plasma nitriding effectively improves both the hardness and toughness of 25Cr2Ni4W low alloy steel, making it a promising treatment for applications requiring enhanced mechanical performance, particularly in high-stress environments.

Simulation the interaction of a pile with the soil using a nonlinear mathematical model with a modified Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion

Summary. Static pile tests allow determining the bearing capacity of a pile as accurately as possible. They should be carried out in advance, before the foundation structures are installed, because their results are used to decide on the need for adjustments. However, static tests usually require significant time, which is due to their execution technology. The main disadvantage of static tests of a full-scale pile is the cost. They are the most expensive method, but at the same time they allow the most accurate reproduction of the pile operating conditions, namely, the load on the pile from the superfoundation structures of the building or structure. The calculated value obtained from engineering calculations allows only a preliminary and approximate assessment of the bearing capacity of the pile on the soil. This method is the simplest, but at the same time the least accurate. Numerical simulation allows us to approximate the results of static testing of an experimental pile to the results of modeling, provided that the parameters of the soil environment for the selected mathematical model are identified. In this work, the Midas GTS NX software package was used for numerical modeling of the experiment (computer simulation of testing a full-scale pile with a static compression load). In this case, volumetric finite elements were used to model the soil mass and the pile shaft. To describe the regularities of soil behavior under load, a nonlinear law of deformation of the soil environment with a modified Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion was used. This model combines nonlinear elastic and elastic-plastic models. The paper investigates the nature of the formation of the stress-strain state of the soil mass under the bottom of the pile and along the lateral surface of the pile at all stages of loading during computer simulation of a full-scale pile test. The phases of pile operation mainly along the lateral surface and the inclusion of the bearing capacity component under the bottom of the pile are identified. The formation of vertical stress concentrator zones in the soil mass under the bottom of the pile is recorded. The nature of the load transfer to the soil through the lateral surface of the pile is established according to the distribution of longitudinal forces in the pile shaft.