ZnO Composites Research Articles

OBTAINING OF TiO2-SiO2-P2O5/ZnO COMPOSITES, INVESTIGATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES AND POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION AS A BIOMATERIAL

In modern implantology composites based on various inorganic and polymeric materials are promising, which are able to provide strong adhesion with tissues in contact with the implanted material and stimulate the growth of new tissue on the implant surface. In the work macroporous cationite Tokem-250 with high selectivity to Zn2+ ions was used as a matrix, which makes it possible to use it in the development of biomaterials. Zinc has a direct stimulating effect on bone tissue formation and has antibacterial properties. For the cationite Tokem-250 based on acryl-divinylbenzene matrix the values of total exchange capacity and sorption capacity in relation to Zn2+ ion were determined. Total exchange capacity of cationite Tokem-250 is 10.35 mmol∙ekv/g, sorption capacity is 73% of the total exchange capacity and is equal to 7.58 mmol∙ekv/g. Spherical composites TiO2-SiO2-P2O5/ZnO on the basis of cationite Tokem-250 were synthesized from alcohol solutions by sol-gel method. For obtaining spherical composite the conditions of heat treatment of samples are established: drying at 60 ºC and step annealing at 150, 250, 350 ºC for 30 min at each temperature step, at 600 ºC - 6 h, at 800 ºC - 1 h. The obtained composites have the ability to precipitate and mineralize calcium-phosphates on their surface in biological media, because they have homogeneous structure with uniform distribution of elements on the surface, mesoporous structure with pore size from 5 to 12 nm and the presence of active centers (Si4+, Ti4+) on the surface of composites. The use of polyvinyl alcohol as a binder does not prevent the formation of an apatite-like layer. For citation: Tkachuk V.A., Lyutova E.S., Buzaev A.A., Borilo L.P., Spivakova L.N. Obtaining of TiO2-SiO2-P2O5/ZnO composites, investigation of their properties and possibility of application as a biomaterial. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 5. P. 70-76. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246705.6953.

The influence of zinc oxide-silicate composites on the aging resistance of asphalt

Asphalt binder is susceptible to aging from heat, air and sunlight exposure during service, leading to pavement distresses. This study aimed to improve the aging resistance of asphalt using zinc oxide-silicate (ZOS) composites. ZOS containing 2–8 wt% ZnO were synthesized via a one-step sol-gel method and incorporated into an unmodified 70/100 penetration grade asphalt binder. The rheological properties and aging characteristics were evaluated before and after rolling thin film oven and pressure aging vessel protocols. Dynamic shear rheometry showed increased complex modulus and decreased phase angle for ZOS-modified binders, indicating improved rutting resistance. Aging indices revealed the 6% ZOS composite had the least susceptibility to oxidative aging. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups during aging, which were mitigated by ZOS addition. Scanning electron microscopy visualized nano-scaled ZnO particles dispersed within the silica matrix and asphalt binder. The ZOS composites delayed the aging rate through physicochemical interactions between ZnO and the asphalt medium. An optimum ZOS dosage of 4–6% was found to enhance the anti-aging properties. The renewable silica-supported ZnO composites show potential as cost-effective modifiers for improving asphalt durability.

Highly responsive and swift recovery triethylamine gas sensor based on NiCo2O4-ZnO p-n heterojunction

In the detection of food freshness and chemical production, live tracking of the concentration of triethylamine gas is both essential and challenging. The NiCo2O4-ZnO triethylamine gas sensor prepared with two-step hydrothermal method proposed in this study exhibits a response of TEA at the ideal operational temperature of 250 °C and a response/recovery time of 69 s/2 s. Compared to the single ZnO sensor, the response value is increased by a factor of 8.47, the recovery time is reduced to 1/8, and good selectivity (the response for TEA is 4.75 times higher than others), repeatability, and long-term stability (40 days) are demonstrated. Notably, research on fabricating TEA gas sensors by constructing p-n heterojunctions using NiCo2O4 and ZnO composites is currently lacking. The enhancement of the gas-sensitive properties of the composites is the result of a combination of factors such as increased specific surface area (18.18 m2/g−1) and pore size (29.84 nm), the formation of p-n heterojunctions, and the synergistic effect between the two materials. The excellent TEA sensitivity exhibited by the NiCo2O4-ZnO composites holds considerable practical application potential in triethylamine gas sensors.

Construction of MOF-5 derived ZnO composites porous carbon supported Pd nanoparticles as highly stable catalyst for methanol and ethanol oxidation

The preparation of highly active and stable Pd-based catalysts for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC) is hampered by inefficient utilization of the active sites, susceptibility to CO poisoning, poor stability, and relatively slow reaction kinetics. Herein, the stability and anti-toxicity of the catalysts (Pd/ZnO/MDC) are tuned by loading Pd nanoparticles on the carbon-coated ZnO support, achieving efficient electrocatalysis for methanol and ethanol oxidation reaction (MOR and EOR). TEM result shows the ZnO is covered by the carbon layer formed outside of MOF-5 derived porous carbon, which can prevent it from dissolving under harsh conditions. The mass activities of the well-tuned catalyst Pd/ZnO/MDC(800) for MOR and EOR are 931.83 mA/mg and 1838.30 mA/mg, respectively. It is due to the improved electron transport efficiency between the Pd and ZnO, and the enhanced stability by carbon layer outside the ZnO. It is also found that the onset potential and the peak potential of Pd/ZnO/MDC(800) (−0.813 V, −0.228 V) in CO stripping experiment in MOR are more negative than Pd/MDC(800) (−0.261 V, −0.215 V). This result indicates that the existence of ZnO helps to provide surface hydroxyl group, which promotes the oxidation of the intermediates. This work indicates provides a feasible idea for DAFC catalyst design and construction.

Continuous Supercritical Water Impregnation Method for the Preparation of Metal Oxide on Activated Carbon Composite Materials

Metal oxide (MexOy) nanomaterials are used as catalysts and/or sorbents in processes taking place in supercritical water (scH2O), which is the “green” solvent needed to obtain energy-relevant products. Their properties are significantly influenced by the synthesis method used to prepare active MexOy. In addition, the use of supported MexOy nanoparticles is more practical and cost-effective in terms of their performance maintenance. Within this context, the present study reports on the preparation of carbon-supported ZnO and CuO composites using an innovative scH2O impregnation method. Metal oxides were impregnated on a carbon (C) support using a continuous-flow tubular reactor. The results show that impregnation in scH2O is a promising approach for the preparation of ZnO/C and CuO/C composite materials. This one-step synthesis method, in a continuous flow, uses neither a seed layer nor a mineralizer, and it needs substantially lower preparation times than conventional impregnation methods.

"Nano in Nano"-Incorporation of ZnO Nanoparticles into Cellulose Acetate-Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Composite Nanofibers Using Solution Blow Spinning.

In this work, the preparation and characterization of composites from cellulose acetate (CA)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers (NFs) with incorporated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using solution blow spinning (SBS) is reported. CA-PEO nanofibers were produced by spinning solution that contained a higher CA-to-PEO ratio and lower (equal) CA-to-PEO ratio. Nanoparticles were added to comprise 2.5% and 5% of the solution, calculated on the weight of the polymers. To have better control of the SBS processing conditions, characterization of the spinning suspensions is carried out, which reveals a decrease in viscosity (two- to eightfold) upon the addition of NPs. It is observed that this variation of viscosity does not significantly affect the mean diameters of nanofibers, but does affect the mode of the nanofibers' size distribution, whereby lower viscosity provides thinner fibers. FESEM-EDS confirms ZnO NP encapsulation into nanofibers, specifically into the CA component based on UV-vis studies, since the release of ZnO is not detected for up to 5 days in deionized water, despite the significant swelling of the material and accompanied dissolution of water-soluble PEO. Upon the dissolution of CA nanofibers into acetone, immediate release of ZnO is detected, both visually and by spectrometer. ATR-FTIR studies reveal interaction of ZnO with the CA component of composite nanofibers. As ZnO nanoparticles are known for their bioactivity, it can be concluded that these CA-PEO-ZnO composites are good candidates to be used in filtration membranes, with no loss of incorporated ZnO NPs or their release into an environment.

Comprehensive Study on the Age-Strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/ZnO Composites for Fracture Fixation: Microstructure, Mechanical, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation.

The present work investigates the use of age-strengthened Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca/xZnO as resorbable materials in temporary orthopedic implants. Quaternary Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy, reinforced with zinc oxide particles, was stir-cast, followed by solution treatment and a range of aging treatments. Optical and electron microscopy, mechanical, electrochemical, immersion, and dynamic mechanical testing, with biocompatibility assessment were carried out. The observed 2θ shift in the (101) peaks of ZMX611/ZnO-ST and ZMX611/ZnO-H indicated lattice shrinkage. The formation of Mg7Zn3 and Ca2Mg6Zn3 in the grain boundary compositions was observed. ZMX611/ZnO-ST had a smaller β-phase fraction, indicating a finer microstructure. ZMX611/ZnO-H had the highest tensile yield strength (102.97 ± 3.92 MPa), and ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (127.21 ± 7.48 MPa), indicating precipitation hardening of Zn enrichment. The uniformly dispersed secondary phases played a dual role in corrosion behavior. ZMX611/ZnO-ST showed a better cytocompatibility response among all samples. Composite materials exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility as indicated by in silico results of deviatoric strain-based mechanical stimuli at the fracture interface.

Facile synthesis of NiSe2-ZnO nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalysis and wastewater remediation.

In this study, NiSe2 nanocubes, ZnO rods, and their composites were prepared by simple chemical methods to investigate their photocatalytic response and antibacterial activity. The optimal concentration of NiSe2 nanocubes was explored for enhanced photocatalytic performance by varying its percentage in the NiSe2-ZnO composites. The findings suggested that the optical response of ZnO was significantly improved and shifted towards visible region by incorporating NiSe2 as a co-catalyst. The photocatalytic properties of NiSe2, ZnO, and NiSe2-ZnO composites were assessed under visible light by using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant. The results showed that the optimized composite containing 75% NiSe2 with ZnO exhibited outstanding photocatalytic efficiency of 97%. The degradation of MB dye by NiSe2, ZnO, and their composites followed the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics (Langmuir-Hinshelwood model). Furthermore, the prepared NiSe2-ZnO composite displayed exceptional reusability and stability over a number of cycles, demonstrating its practical applicability. This research presents unique findings, showcasing the comparative antibacterial performance of NiSe2, ZnO, and NiSe2-ZnO nanocomposites against Bacillus cereus (B. cereus). Of all the prepared photocatalysts, the 75% NiSe2-ZnO nanocomposite revealed the best performance, exhibiting an inhibition zone of 28 mm.

Study of Structural, Optical, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Gd-Doped ZnO Composites Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method

Study of Structural, Optical, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Gd-Doped ZnO Composites Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method

Ru复合ZnO光催化固氮研究

Ru复合ZnO光催化固氮研究

Degradation performance study and application of LED light-driven g-C3N4/ZnO composites

In this paper, first-principle calculations based on density-functional theory (DFT) and plane-wave pseudopotential basis for g-C3N4/ZnO composites were carried out using Quantum Espresso (QE) code. The g-C3N4/ZnO composite photocatalytic materials were prepared by solid-phase calcination and characterized by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were carried out under LED light irradiation, using the dye rhodamine B (RhB) and the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) as simulated degradation targets. The degradation performance of the composites was tested using the commercially available pesticide glyphosate. The removal of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from water samples was tested using real sewage livestock wastewater. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composites was explored by free radical trapping experiments. Finally, the MTT cytotoxicity test demonstrated that the g-C3N4/ZnO composite photocatalytic materials are non-cytotoxic and are expected to be used in wastewater treatment.

Synthesis and structural characterization of nanocomposites ZnCo2O4/ZnO prepared by co-precipitation method

ZnCo2O4 doped ZnO composites were successfully prepared by the coprecipitation process. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is used for the structural characterization of prepared and heat-treated samples. Typical diffraction peaks corresponding to the cubic ZnCo2O4 spinal structure were identified for the sample which was calcined at a temperature of 500 °C. XRD data was used and using the Deby Scherrer concept crystallite size of ZnCo2O4 was estimated to be 38.47 nm. Whilst ZnO is jumbled in ZnCo2O4 and heat dealt with at 500 °C a new section (Zn0.85Co0.15)O is evolved having a hexagonal structure. The crystal size of (Zn0.85Co0.15)O was estimated to be 31.33 nm. The crystal size, cell parameters, R-Factor, and structural properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The Goodness Fit factor, cell parameters, and R-factor had been examined employing Rietveld Refinement. When a sample is heated above 500 °C, then at 650 °C first-rate peaks of simplest (Zn0.85Co0.15)O are observed.

ZnO Precursor’s ability to catalyze formation of reactive oxygen species to degrade aqueous organic pollutants

Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) could mitigate emerging and persistent pollutants in drinking water. Yet there is a dearth of economical materials to generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are responsible for pollutant degradation in AOPs. In this work, we design a zinc hydroxychloride monohydrate (ZHCM) silicon dioxide photocatalytic nanocomposite to generate ROS for non-selective degradation of drinking water contaminants. ZHCM is an intermediate phase in the sol–gel synthesis of ZnO-SiO2-Ag nanocomposites containing 63–100 % ZnO. Typically, ZHCM is calcinated around 500 °C to crystallize into ZnO, yet we find that this calcination step may decrease photocatalytic activity. ZHCM exhibited higher methylene blue degradation efficiency through both catalysis (31 % after 4 h) and photocatalysis (98 % after 4 h) compared to the ZnO composites (∼0% and 78 % after 4 h). ZHCM had the highest photodegradation efficiency for ciprofloxacin and caffeine. The increased catalytic and photocatalytic activity of these model pollutants is attributed to the generation of two ROS: superoxide anions in UV light and peroxide anions in the absence of light. These ROS were identified using a new modified biological assay measuring the chemiluminescence of luminol in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. Results are further verified via scavenger quenching tests. The ZHCM and ZnO-SiO2-Ag are characterized for their antimicrobial activity measured by E. coli growth inhibition zones, band gaps, crystalline domains, and surface areas. This work demonstrates the potential to synthesize, at lower temperatures, a photocatalyst with enhanced ROS generation and reduced UV dependency.

Irrigation-friendly sensor to manage drought in crops through carbon-based signature volatile sensing

Water scarcity is a global challenge in agriculture, which is growing unprecedentedly. Hence, a metal oxide decorated graphene oxide (GO) particles coated interdigitated chemo-resistive volatile sensor has been developed here to sense β-caryophyllene, an important signature terpene molecule released by the plant during water stress. The interface between the ZnO and GO composite has been found to show outstanding complementary behavior, through selective permittivity and optimum working temperature, which cause oxidization at multiple sites that take the sensitivity to ∼27 ppb concentration. The sensor has been validated in the crop that experiences water stress equivalent to 3 wet units in the soil moisture tensiometer, which is the critical value to irrigate the crop.

Photocurrent Density Enhancement of DSSC with Existence of ZnO in TiO2 Based Photoanode

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the important components of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is photoanode which plays a critical role serving as the center of conversion energy. Photoanode consists of transparent conducting substrate, a semiconductor layer, and dyes molecules as sensitizers. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is widely used as a photoanode because it is a mesoporous and stable material despite its high recombination rate. To reduce the recombination rate and improve electron transport, TiO<sub>2</sub> is combined with other materials such as ZnO to form TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO composites. ZnO is a good choice because it has higher electron mobility than TiO<sub>2</sub> to inhibit recombination. The synthesis process of TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO composites was carried out using the sol-gel method with variations in the weight percentage of ZnO. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO composite was then applied as a photoanode in DSSC. The J-V measurement results shows that the DSSC with TiO<sub>2</sub>/ZnO 25wt% composite layer as the photoanode produced the highest efficiency of 0.86%. This increase in efficiency was due to an increase in the photo-current of photoanodes that have more ZnO content. The presence of ZnO leads to faster-moving electron transport, therefore reducing recombination and increasing efficiency.</span></p>

Synthesis of strontium oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposites by Co-precipitation method and its application for degradation of malachite green dye under direct sunlight

Photocatalysts workable under direct sunlight are the safe and cost-effective option for water purification. The nanocomposites of strontium oxide and zinc oxide (SZ NCs) were synthesized using coprecipitation method. The respective precursors of SZ NCs were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and subsequently thermally treated to yield SZ NCs. The SZ NCs with different ZnO composition was synthesized by varying the concentration of ZnO precursor from 0.2 to 1 M. The structural properties of SZ NCs evaluated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential thermal analysis DTA). The optical properties of SZ NCs studied using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic study. The trend observed in the intensity of XRD peaks indicated the occurrence of Zn doping in the crystalline lattice of SrO and the formation of SrO–ZnO composite. Upon incorporation of 1 M of ZnO precursor, the grain size of the SrO was decreased from 49.3 to 27.6 nm. The weight loss in the thermal analysis indicates the removal of carbonates from the sample upon heating and shows the formation of an oxide structure. UV–Vis spectra confirmed that the presence of SrO enhanced the sunlight absorption of SZ NCs. The increase in the composition of ZnO precursors increased the bandgap of SrO (2.09 eV) to the level of ZnO (3.14 eV). SZ NCs exhibited heterostructure morphology, where the nanosized domains with varying shapes (layered and rod-like) were observed. Under direct sunlight conditions, SZ NCs prepared using 1 M/0.6 M of SrO/ZnO precursors exhibited 15–20 % higher photocatalytic efficiency than neat SrO and ZnO. In precise, 1 mg of this SZ NC was degraded 98 % of malachite green dye dissolved in water (10 ppm) under direct sunlight. Additionally, the thermal stability results showed that 18 % decomposition was obtained due to the degradation impurities in SrO/ZnO catalysts and the XRD results revealed that no structural change is obtained in SrO/ZnO photocatalysts after stability test. The SZ NCs can be effectively used as safe and economic sunlight photocatalysts for water purification in remote areas without the electricity.

Characteristics of bacterial nanocellulose composite and its application as self-cooling material

Self-cooling material usually uses synthetic or employ harmfull chemicals. Nanocellulose from bacterial culture composited with CaCO3 and ZnO is proposed to overcome the limitation. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared via kombucha fermentation. Obtained bacterial nanocellulose was bleached using H2O2 to remove impurities. The bleached bacterial nanocellulose exhibited a nanofiber shape and a cellulose I crystalline structure with a crystallinity of 44.3 %. The fiber diameter was approximately 92.51 ± 21.46 nm. Bleached bacterial nanocellulose had a higher nanocellulose content than unbleached bacterial nanocellulose. The bleached bacterial cellulose was composited with CaCO3 and ZnO particles to form randomly distributed particles. The composite decreases sample temperature as high as 3.8 °C and 3.7 °C for CaCO3 and ZnO composites, respectively.

Applicability of NH2-MOF235(Fe)-derived α-Fe2O3/ZnO photocatalyst synthesized by the microwave-assisted method in the degradation of a mixture of phenolic compounds

The NH2-MOF235(Fe)-derived α-Fe2O3-X%/ZnO (X = 15, 20, and 25 wt%) composites were successfully synthesized by microwave-assisted method followed by calcination at 450 °C. The materials were evaluated on the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-butylphenol (4tBP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4tOP) mixture (5 mg/L, each) under solar simulated radiation. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 physisorption analysis, SEM-EDS, XPS, and electrochemical assays. The NH2-MOF235(Fe)-derived α-Fe2O3 incorporation during the ZnO synthesis led to an increase in the specific surface area, improved light absorption in the visible region of the spectrum, and efficient separation of photogenerated charges. Based on the face-centered central composite experimental design matrix and RSM (response surface methodology), the optimal conditions for mineralization of the endocrine-disrupting compound mixture (42.52%) were reached using α-Fe2O3-15%/ZnO photocatalyst at pH 7.0 in 330 min (600 kJ m−2 of accumulated radiation). Moreover, 85.33, 92.82, and 92.72% degradation percentages were obtained for 4tBP, 4tOP, and BPA, respectively. Acetic acid and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol were the main detected by-products at the end of the treatment. The α-Fe2O3-15%/ZnO material was stable for three reuse cycles for the photocatalytic degradation of the endocrine-disrupting compounds mixture. The scavenger study showed that the O2●- followed by the ●OH radical and photogenerated h+ were the main reactive species involved in the degradation of the contaminants mixture. The Vibrio fischeri assay showed that the obtained effluent was non-toxic. NH2-MOF235(Fe)-derived α-Fe2O3 improves the properties of ZnO, resulting in a promising material to eliminate BPA, 4tBP, and 4tOP mixture from aqueous samples.

Inactivation of E. coli and S. aureus by novel binary clay/semiconductor photocatalytic macrocomposites under UVA and sunlight irradiation

The disinfection efficiency of several novel photocatalytic macrocomposites made of Ecuadorian clay mixed with two semiconductor materials (TiO2, ZnO) has been evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as target bacteria. They have been tested under two irradiation sources (UVA lamp and sunlight) in different configurations. Two different semiconductor/clay ratios (60/40 and 80/20) were tested at 10–20 g·L–1 (with UVA) and 20–40 g·L–1 (with sunlight) composite loadings. With the presence of the photocatalyst, a four- to five-fold increase in the inactivation rate by UVA was observed with respect to single UVA inactivation, while the performance with sunlight reaches up to six-fold. The particular effect of nature, ratio and loading on the inactivation kinetics depends on the specific bacterial species tested. In this case, the inactivation of S. aureus was faster in comparison with E. coli, probably due to the interaction between bacteria and the catalytic material and the associated ζ-potential. In general, the 80% ZnO composites at maximum loading show the highest efficiency, comparable to that of nanosized semiconductors. The ability of these composites to maintain a high disinfection efficiency after three uses, together with their low cost and ease of recovery, make these composites an attractive option for wider use in water disinfection facilities.

Electrochemical supercapacitor based on polyaniline/bismuth-doped zinc oxide (PANI/Bi–ZnO) composite for efficient energy storage

The performance of high-rate supercapacitors is greatly controlled by the electrical and morphological properties of electrodes. Owing to its unique behavior, polyaniline (PANI) is considered one of the best materials for storing energy. This study emphasizes the fabrication of PANI and PANI/bismuth-doped zinc oxide (PANI/Bi–ZnO) as electrode materials for high-efficiency supercapacitors. The pure PANI and its composite were synthesized through inverse emulsion polymerization and investigated for structural and morphological characterization using UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These characterization techniques showed that the fabricated materials were suitable for supercapacitor electrodes with improved structural, thermal, and morphological properties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, galvanostatic charging–discharging, and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical properties. The PANI-based electrode showed ∼564.23 F/g charge storage capacity with ∼60% of capacitance retention, which correspondingly increased to ∼914.05 F/g and ∼88% in PANI/Bi–ZnO composite even after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. The PANI/Bi–ZnO composite also displayed remarkably high energy density (∼2189.90 Wh/kg) and power density (∼38480.42 W/kg) values. The fabricated electrode is expected to have a large capacity for storing energy and power in commercial electrochemical electrodes.