Zizanioides Roots Research Articles

HPLC Characterization and Assessment of Antioxidant Status of Vetiveria Zizanioides Roots

Vetiveria zizanioides has been assigned for the extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids for soluble, glycoside and wall-bound fractions. There was the largest number of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the methanolic extract that constitutes the cell wall-bound portion. Free radicals can induce biomolecules to oxidize, resulting in cell damage and countless illnesses. The present study investigates the role of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase.Vitamin Eand C enzyme activity was nonenzymaticantioxidant action by spectrophotometric method. The enzymatic glutothi-one peroxidase antioxidant was found to be exampling than the rest while Vitamin E, notified found to be best activity ratherthan Vitamin C.The reversed highperformance liquid chromatographic techniquewas created and validated for the concurrent identification of free phenolic acids and flavonoids using a photodiode array detector with gradient elution.(Caffeicacid, Hydroxy benzoic acid, Rutin, Quercetin, Para- cumaric acid and Kaempferol) in the methanolic root extract of Vetiveria zizanioides.

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on consumer safety (SCCS) – Final opinion on the safety of fragrance ingredient Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) - (Vetiveria zizanioides root extract acetylated) - Submission III

On the basis of the safety assessment carried out using a conservative approach, the SCCS considers the use of Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) with 1% alpha-tocopherol as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetic leave-on and rinse-off type products safe at the concentrations proposed by IFRA.Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) contains some constituents that belong to the chemical group of aldehydes and ketones that are known to be reactive towards biological entities, such as DNA and proteins. However, the overall health risk of such components is likely to be negligible at the concentrations intended to be used in cosmetics products.The SCCS has noted that Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) is a moderate skin sensitiser in test animals. Considering the results of the HRIPT study and the fact that AVO has been used for years in cosmetics without evidence of sensitising potential, it is unlikely that AVO would be causing contact allergy in humans.Inhalation toxicity of Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) was not assessed in this Opinion because no data were provided. Assessment of the inhalation risk would be needed if Acetylated Vetiver Oil (AVO) was intended to be used in sprayable products.

Influence of root suction on tensile strength of Chrysopogon zizanioides roots and its implication on bioslope stabilization

Root tensile strength is an important factor controlling the performance of bio-slope stabilization works. Due to evapotranspiration and climate factors, the root moisture content and its suction can vary seasonally in practice and may not equal soil suction. The influences of suction and root moisture contents were investigated on Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver grass) root tensile strength. The root specimens were equilibrated with moist air in different suction conditions (0, 10, 20, and 50 kPa), prior to root tension tests. The root-water characteristic curve or relationship between root moisture and suction, was determined. The increase in suction resulted in decreased tensile strengths of the grass roots, particularly those with diameter of about 0.2 mm, which constituted 50.7% of all roots. For 1 mm roots, the tensile strength appeared to be unaffected by suction increase. The average root tensile strengths were used to estimate the root cohesion in slope stability analysis to find variation of safety factors of a bioengineered slope in different suction conditions. The analysis showed that the critical condition of slope with the lowest factor of safety would happen when the soil suction was zero and the root suction was high. Such condition may occur during a heavy rain period after a prolonged drought.

Antibiofilm activity of Vetiveria zizanioides root extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading human pathogen responsible for causing chronic clinical manifestation worldwide. In addition to antibiotic resistance genes viz. mecA and vanA, biofilm formation plays a prominent role in the pathogenicity of S.aureus by enhancing its resistance to existing antibiotics. Considering the role of folk medicinal plants in the betterment of human health from the waves of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, the present study was intended to explore the effect of Vetiveria zizanioides root on the biofilm formation of MRSA and its clinical counterparts. V.zizanioides root extract (VREX) showed a concentration-dependent reduction in biofilm formation without hampering the cellular viability of the tested strains. Micrographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) portrayed the devastating impact of VREX on biofilm formation. In addition to antibiofilm activity, VREX suppresses the production of biofilm related phenotypes such as exopolysaccharide, slime and α-hemolysin toxin. Furthermore, variation in FT-IR spectra evidenced the difference in cellular factors of untreated and VREX treated samples. Result of mature biofilm disruption assay and down regulation of genes like fnbA, fnbB, clfA suggested that VREX targets these adhesin genes responsible for initial adherence. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes as a major constituent in VREX. Thus, the data of present study strengthen the ethnobotanical value of V.zizanioides and concludes that VREX contain bioactive molecules that have beneficial effect over the biofilm formation of MRSA and its clinical isolates.

三峡库区陡坡根-土复合体抗冲性能

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 三峡库区陡坡根-土复合体抗冲性能 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201501270211 作者: 作者单位: 西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学,西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学资源环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S157 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41271291，41501288）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目（SWU113013，XDJK2014C103，XDJK2015C170）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD31B03）；西南大学教育教学改革研究项目（2013JY052） Root-soil system anti-scourability on steep slopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Author: Affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University,College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以三峡库区已种植4a的紫花苜蓿、百喜草、狗牙根和香根草为对象，并以裸地为对照，采用改进的冲刷水槽、WinRHIZO（Pro.2004c）根系分析系统和应变控制式直剪仪，分析测定5个处理根-土复合体抗冲性能以及根系、土壤参数，以期揭示不同草本植物根系对陡坡地紫色土表土抗冲性能的强化效应。研究结果表明：与对照（裸地）相比，4种草本植物根系均能显著增强紫色土表土的抗冲性能，其中香根草根-土复合体的抗冲性能最强（为对照小区的2.75-3.58倍），而紫花苜蓿复合体的抗冲性能最弱（为对照小区1.96-2.60倍）；草本植物根长密度（RLD）和根表面积密度（RSAD）是影响陡坡下紫色土表土抗冲性能的主要因子；0.50 mm< d≤ 1.50 mm径级的根系有利于土壤抗冲性能的增强，尤其是1.00 mm< d≤ 1.50 mm径级的根系对根-土复合体的抗冲性能强化效应最大；4种草本植物根系均有利于降低土壤容重、提高土壤有机质含量和增强土壤抗剪性能；土壤粘聚力c是影响根-土复合体抗冲性能的又一主要因子，径级1.00 mm< d≤ 2.00 mm的根系则最有利于提高土壤粘聚力c。 Abstract:Grass roots can improve the soil's anti-scourability. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the roots of different grasses on anti-scourability on steep slopes of purple soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Medicago sativa, Paspalum natatu, Cynodon dactylon, and Vetiveria zizanioides plants were planted 4 years prior to the experiment, and bare control plots were selected for soil sampling. The soil anti-scourability, root parameters (root dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root volume), soil shear strength (soil internal friction angle and cohesion), and soil chemical-physical characters (bulk density and organic matter) were measured using an improved flume scouring experiment, a root analysis system (WinRHIZO (Pro.2004c)), a direct shear test experiment, the ring method, and potassium dichromate external heating method, respectively. The results show that four species of grass roots could significantly enhance soil anti-scourability. Vetiveria zizanioides roots had the greatest effect on soil anti-scourability, as soils planted with this species exhibited anti-scourability values 2.75-3.58 times that of the control; while Medicago sativa roots had the weakest effect on soil anti-scourability, as soils planted with this species exhibited anti-scourability values 1.96-2.60 times that of the control. In the scouring experiments lasting 0-10 min, the soil anti-scourability of each plot increased over time, and these dynamic change processes can be fitted well (R2 = 0.9284-0.9691) using two polynomial (the control and Cynodon dactylon plots) and logarithmic equations (the Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum natatu, and Medicago sativa plots). Root length density and root surface area density were the main factors affecting soil anti-scourability, and both were significantly correlated with anti-scourability (P < 0.05), especially the root surface area density. Root length density and root surface area density of Vetiveria zizanioides roots were the highest among the different species. A dividing line was set at 2.00 mm, and when 0.00 mm < d ≤ 2.00 mm, all Vetiveria zizanioides root parameters were higher than those of Medicago sativa. When d > 2.00 mm, all Medicago sativa root parameters were higher than those of Vetiveria zizanioides. Roots whose diameters were 0.50 mm < d ≤ 1.50 mm increased soil anti-scourability, especially roots (1.00 mm < d ≤ 1.50 mm) whose parameters were significantly positively correlated with anti-scourability (P < 0.01). Four species of grass reduced the soil bulk density, increased the soil organic matter content, and enhanced the soil's anti-shear strength. The minimum soil bulk density and the maximum organic matter content were 1.42 g/cm3 and 13.41 g/kg, respectively, in Medicago sativa plots. The soil bulk density of grass plots was significantly lower than that of the control plots. The organic matter contents of the Medicago sativa, Cynodon dactylon, and Vetiveria zizanioides plots were significantly higher than those of the control plots, but there was no significant difference between the organic matter contents of the Paspalum natatu and control plots. The maximum soil internal friction (φ) and cohesion (c) values were 28.82° and 82.60 kPa, respectively, in the Vetiveria zizanioides plots. Soil internal friction and cohesion of each grass plot were significantly higher than those of the control plots. Soil cohesion (c) was another main factor enhancing soil anti-scourability, and was significantly positively correlated with anti-scourability. Roots (0.00 mm < d ≤ 0.50 mm and 1.00 mm < d ≤ 2.00 mm) were found to enhance soil cohesion, especially roots 1.00 mm < d ≤ 2.00 mm. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Seasonal phytochemical study and antimicrobial potential of Vetiveria zizanioides roots.

This paper describes the seasonal phytochemical variation and the antimicrobial potential of V. zizanioides roots collected in Brazil. Considering the high levels of chemical constituents and their biological activity in dichloromethane fraction, the plants were grown in different seasons and the respective dichloromethane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several pathogenic microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method. Yields of dichloromethane fractions from plants collected in the autumn and spring occurred in a higher proportion than in other seasons. Khusimol (2) was isolated by column chromatography and identified by NMR and CG-MS, along with other sesquiterpenes, including β-vetivenene (1), vetiselinenol (3), isovalencenol (4), vetivenic acid (5), α-vetivone (6) and β-vetivone (7). Some extracts showed promising antimicrobial effects, with MICs ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg mL-1. Kushimol was slightly active against the tested microorganisms.

Application of &lt;i&gt;Vetiveria zizanioides&lt;/i&gt; Assisted by Different Species of Earthworm in Chromium-Contaminated Soil Remediation

An earthworm-assisted phytoremediation of Cr contaminated soil was conducted to study the performance of different earthworm species in Cr accumulation of Vetiver Grass (vetiveria Zizanioides VG). Two species of earthworm (Eisenia Foelide and Pheretima guillemi Michaelsen) were added in trial. The result showed Vetiveria Zizanioides can absorb great amounts of chromium in soil. The decline rate of Cr was up to 87% and 78% respectively in the tiral of Eisenia Foelide (EF) and Pheretima guillemi Michaelsen(PGM) at 60th day. As the concentration of Cr gradually increased within 3.3-120mg/kg, the accumulation activity of two groups presented first increase and then decrease and reached maximum 976.7mg/kg and 943.1 mg/kg in root. It began to decrease when the Cr concentration was above 120mg/kg.Vetiveria Zizanioides's accumulation ability differs in root and shoot. It presented root&gt;shoot. With a comparative analysis, PGM has higher accumulation and resistance to Cr at any designed treatments. In the analysis of relation between plants and soils, it was found that there was significant correlation in Cr contents between plants and soils (P&lt;0.05). There was a high retention rate of Vetiveria Zizanioides root to Cr. Retention rate of any treatments adding earthworm were all greater than 87.91%. The biggest value was up to 96.23%. There was no obvious difference between EG and PGM in retention rate.

Accumulation of Chromium in&lt;i&gt; Vetiveria zizanioides &lt;/i&gt;Assisted by Earthworm (&lt;i&gt;Eisenia foelide&lt;/i&gt;) in Contaminated Soil

The trial of the earthworm-assisted phytoremediation of Cr in contaminated yellow soil was made to study the performance of earthworm in Cr accumulation of Vetiver Grass (vetiveria Zizanioides VG). Two groups were designed, adding earth worm (marked EM) and not adding earth worm (marked NEW).The result showed Vetiveria Zizanioides can absorb great amounts of chromium in soil, the decline rate of Cr was up to 75% and 78% respectively in EM and NEM at 60th day. Both root and shoot can accumulate Cr from soil. As the concentration of Cr gradually increased within 0-80mg/kg,the accumulation activity of two groups presented first increase and then decrease and reached maximum 644.31mg/kg, 943.14 mg/kg in root when the Cr concentration was 80 mg/kg. It began to decrease when the Cr concentration was above 120mg/kg.Vetiveria Zizanioides's accumulation ability differs in root and shoot. It presented root&gt;shoot. With a comparative analysis, EM has higher accumulation and resistance of Cr at any designed treatments. In the analysis of relation between plants and soils, it was found that there was significant correlation in Cr contents between plants and soils (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, there was extremely significant correlation (P&lt;0.01) between root and shoot in EM. There was a high retention rate of Vetiveria Zizanioides root to Cr. Retention rate of any treatments were all greater than 83% except 120mg/kg in EM. Plants kept much higher concentrations of Cr in roots than in their respective shoots. The biggest value was up to 96.23%. There was no obvious difference between EM and NEM in retention rate. Earthworm-assisted phytoremediation has high efficiency in Cr contaminated soil. It’s an idea method to Cr contaminated soil.

Effect of Vetiveria zizanioides L. Root extracts on the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ovicidal and oviposition deterrent potential of the ethanolic extract from Vetiveria zizanioides (V. zizanioides) roots against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (A. stephensi). MethodsThe dried clean V. zizanioides roots were powerdered and extracted with ethanol for 8 h in a soxhlet apparatus. After evaporation, the residue was dissolved in acetone. One hundred freshly laid eggs of A. stephensi were exposed to the extract at differnt concentrations for 48 h, and the hatch rate was calculated to evaluate the ovicidal activity. Those exposed to actone aqueous solution were used as control. The egg laying behavior of gravid female A. stephensi was also observed using oviposition deterrent test. Effective repellency (ER) was used to evaluate the oviposition deterrent activity. ResultsExposure to the crude ethanol extract of V. zizanioides reduced the hatchability rate of A. stephensi eggs, and zero hatchability was exerted at 375 ppm. In the oviposition deterrent test, the extract alleviated the egg laying with an ER of 78.9% at the highest concentration of 375 ppm and even 53.7% at the lowest concentration of 125 ppm. Moreover, the negative values of oviposition active index also suggests the extract was a good deterrent agent. ConclusionsThe ethanolic extract of V. zizanioides roots may be used an alternative pesticide to control A. stephensi at the early stage of life history, possibly due to the presence of various active chemical compounds.

Control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with local plant materials in the western highlands of Cameroon

Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky is the main insect damaging stored maize in the western highlands of Cameroon. High cost, unreliable supply and environmental hazards of chemical insecticides necessitate search for cheaper, safe and easily available local alternatives. This study identifies and evaluates some local plant materials for control of S. zeamais. Field survey and laboratory studies were conducted and four plant materials consisting of leaves and/or roots; Cupressus arizonica, Eucalyptus grandis, Ocimum gratissimum and Vetiveria zizanioides identified were powdered and investigated. The experimental design used was randomized complete block. Data collected were analysed using F-test and significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference. The powdered plant materials showed no significant toxicity against F1 progeny but V. zizanioides significantly (P 0.01) repelled S. zeamais, giving . 50% at the lowest dosage of 0.1g/25g grains. V. zizanioides root powder had potential for control of S. zeamais as repellent. This could form part of an integrated pest management package for the Western highlands of Cameroon. Keywords : Survey, Vetiveria zizanioides, Sitophilus zeamais, control, maize, Cameroon

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Vetiveria nigritana and Vetiveria zizanioides Roots

The antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Vetiveria zizanioides and Vetiveria nigritana roots was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compared to the activity of clove oil. The results showed a low activity against Gram-negative bacilli; but a higher efficiency was observed against Gram-positive cocci, with MIC values amounting to that of clove oil. The antifungal activity of oils was also tested on Candida albicans; the MIC values were approximately identical for the two oils, and quite similar to those of clove oil.