Zirconium Ions Research Articles

Evaluation of osseous healing in induced mandibular defects grafted with biphasic calcium phosphate doped with silver and zirconium nanoparticles: An experimental study in dogs

ObjectiveEvaluation of the osteoconductive p otential of the nanocomposite tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) bi-doped with zirconium (Zr) and silver (Ag) ions versus TCP/HA & 4AgTCP/HA in induced defects. MethodsFifteen dogs were divided into four groups in 12 weeks duration before euthanasia: 1-control, 2- TCP/HA, 3- TCP/HA doped with Ag and 4-TCP/HA bi-doped with Ag & Zr groups. Four surgically created defects were randomly allocated in each animal on the left and right mandibular sides, three defects were grafted with mentioned alloplasts and one empty control. Clinical, radiographic, and histological evaluations were performed for the newly formed bone. ResultsClinical results revealed no infection or inflammatory conditions. All graft groups revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in mature bone mean density versus controls. TCP/HA bidoped with Ag and Zr group elucidated a highly significant increase (P <0.01) in mature bone density compared to other groups while the TCP/HA was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) compared to the Ag-doped TCP/HA. The bactericidal action of both Zr and Ag nanoparticles was evident by antibacterial testing. ConclusionBi-doping of TCP/HA with Ag and Zr has a synergistic osteoconductive effect to enhance bone formation as an excellent modality for defective bone reconstruction. Histomorphometric investigation clarified that Ag and Zr doped TCP/HA stimulated osteogenesis and bone remodeling as compared to un-doped TCP/HA. Therefore, this nanocomposite has promising clinical significance in grafting maxillofacial bone defects for optimal healing compared to un-doped TCP/HA. Moreover, Zr and Ag nanoparticles are effective bactericidal materials with optimal biological safety on the animals.

Characterization, Structure, and Reactivity of Hydroxyl Groups on Metal-Oxide Cluster Nodes of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Structural Diversity and Keys to Reactivity and Catalysis.

Among the most stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are those incorporating nodes that are metal oxide clusters with frames such as Zr6 O8 . This review is a summary of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of MOF node hydroxyl groups, emphasizing those bonded to nodes containing aluminum and zirconium ions. Hydroxyl groups are often present on these nodes, sometimes balancing the charges of the metal ions. They arise during MOF syntheses in aqueous media or in post-synthesis treatments. They are identified with infrared and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and characterized by their reactivities with polar compounds such as alcohols. Terminal OH, pairedµ2 -OH, and aqua groupson nodes are catalytic sites in numerous reactions. Relatively unreactive hydroxyl groups (such as isolatedµ2 -OH groups) may replace reactive groups and inhibit catalysis; some node hydroxyl groups (e.g.,µ3 -OH) are mere spectators in catalysis. There are similarities between MOF node hydroxyl groups and those on the surfaces of bulk metal oxides, zeolites, and enzymes, but the comparisons are mostly inexact, and much remains to be understood about MOF node hydroxyl group chemistry. It is posited that understanding and controlling this chemistry will lead to tailored MOFs and improved adsorbents and catalysts.

Fabrication and conductivity of zirconium doped Li2TiO3 tritium breeder

The tritium diffusion rate of the tritium breeder is one of the main factors affecting the Deuterium–Tritium (DT) nuclear fusion. In the paper, the zirconium ion (Zr4+)-doped Li2TiO3 tritium breeder with a small grain size of 0.66 μm was successfully prepared at a high temperature of 950 °C. Zr4+-doping could inhibit grain growth of Li2TiO3, which benefited from the effect of segregating, pinning, and dragging to the Li2TiO3 grain boundary. Then, the conductivity was innovatively used to indirectly and rapidly evaluate the tritium release property of Zr4+-doped Li2TiO3. The results show that the short lithium-ion diffusion distance for the small-grained Zr4+-doped Li2TiO3 decreases bulk resistance, and the abundant interfaces enhance grain boundary conductivity. Besides, the zirconium (Zr) dopant increases the cell volume of Li2TiO3, which provides a broader channel for the diffusion of lithium ion. It indirectly illustrates that the Zr4+-doped Li2TiO3 with small grains has better tritium release performance than the Li2TiO3 with large grains. The results would provide new insights into the Zr doping to accelerate tritium diffusion on the Li2TiO3 surface.

Synthesis of Schiff base functionalized organosilatranes for the detection of Zirconium (IV) ion: Their cytotoxicity evaluation and anti‐inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase‐2 via computational approach

Zirconium, a transition metal with medical importance, is widely used and has a generally safe profile. However, prolonged and continuous exposure can lead to detrimental consequences; this necessitates the development of quick and efficient sensors for the detection of Zr(IV) ion. The current investigation focuses on the synthesis and characterization of 4‐(methylthio)benzaldehyde derived Schiff base functionalized organosilatranes (2a–2b). The probe 2a has been utilized as a UV–visible absorption based, highly selective and sensitive sensor for the detection of Zr(IV) ion with a limit of detection and association constant values of 10.89 × 10−7 M and 3.1 × 104 M−1, respectively. The practical applicability of the synthesized sensor has been determined in water samples, yielding good percentage recovery rates. The cytotoxicity assay has been performed using SAF‐1 cell line, rendering the synthesized compounds non‐toxic. Furthermore, molecular docking has been performed against cyclooxygenase‐2 in order to determine anti‐inflammatory activity of synthesized ligand with a binding energy score of −7.51 kcal mol−1.

Towards the Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Designing (N, Co, Zr, P) Tetra‐Doped Porous Carbon Anode

AbstractHeteroatom‐doped porous carbons have stable structures, high electron/ion transport efficiencies, and rich electroactive sites, which are of great significance to energy storage devices. The potential synergistic effects arising from the multi‐element doping benefit to improve the electrochemical behavior of porous carbon. In this paper, a facile doping strategy has been proposed to prepare the (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped porous carbon spheres (PCS) for enhanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The metal‐organophosphine framework (MOPF) as precursor is synthesized by utilizing riboflavin sodium phosphate as organic ligand coordinating with cobalt and zirconium ions. Through carbonizing MOPF, the (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped PCS can be obtained. As the anode for LIBs, the (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped PCS exhibits highly reversible capacity of 761 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, excellent rate performance of 126 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1. The results feature that the unique 3D structure and superior local electron transport properties of (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped PCS promote the Li+ diffusion and adsorption, which improve the electrochemical properties. Moreover, the mechanism analysis realizes that the Li+ storage of (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped PCS is determined by the capacitive behavior at high scan rate, highlighting the significance of the heteroatom doping. Therefore, the (N, Co, Zr, P) tetra‐doped PCS should be considered as prominent candidate for high‐performance LIBs anodes.

A luminescent metal-organic framework as a highly sensitive and selective sensor for the detection of iodate

A Zr-based luminescent metal-organic framework, namely, [Zr6(μ3OH)4(μ3O)4(OH)4(BITD)2(H2O)4]·(DMF)6(H2O)20 (Zr-BITD), was synthesized between tetravalent zirconium ion and 5′-(4,5-bis(4carboxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1′:3′,1′'-terphenyl]-4,4′'-dicarboylic acid (H4BITD) with the formic acid as the modulator. Zr-BITD was fully characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermalgravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectrum. It exhibited excellent chemical stability in the pH range from 0 to 11, while it showed enhanced fluorescence derived from its highly rigid and stable structure. Furthermore, Zr-BITD can be used to effectively detect iodate in the aqueous solution, while the S-V plot is linear in the range of 0∼80 µM with the KSV value up to 8.02 × 103 M − 1 and the limit of detection low to 2.05 μM. This work highlights the opportunity in constructing novel Zr-MOFs for their potential applications in the fluorescent detection of iodate.

Design of Highly Conductive Leather Based on Zirconium Ion Coordination for Health Protection in Severe Harsh Conditions

AbstractFlexible electric heaters with softness, comfort and heating performance have application prospects in the fields of life and health, medical security and so on. In this study, by taking advantage of the soft and comfortable properties of leather itself, collagen fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are composited through zirconium ion (Zr4+) coordination and complexation. The composition, microstructure and Joule heating performance of the prepared flexible conductive leather (CNTs@Zr@OTL) are investigated in detail. The characterisation results prove the (Zr4+) coordination effect and the successful preparation of CNTs@Zr@OTL. At the same time, it has a resistance of about 250 Ω, a shrinkage temperature (Ts) of about 75°C, mechanical property of about 8 MPa, 60 h strong biodegradability and Joule heating of about 65°C under 15 V DC voltage. The obtained product can be further designed as a flexible Joule heating heater (Jhh) with softness, comfort as well as conductivity, and excellent Joule heating performance, and its practical application effect in heating wrists, fingers, joints and car seats is explored, as well as the heating effect under the actual movement of human body such as squatting, sitting and walking. This work provides an idea and method for the intelligent interaction of flexible heaters.

Azomethine functionalized platform for the selective detection of Zr(IV) ion, biological evaluation and potent TLR-4 inhibitor

In this study, a rapid-sensing material featuring azomethine functionalized Schiff base has been developed to address the pressing need for zirconium detection. The sensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity for zirconium (IV) ions, surpassing its performance with respect to other relevant metal ions. The elucidation of compound structures was accomplished through X-ray crystallography, unveiling a new approach to zirconium (IV) ion detection with a high binding constant of 8.01 × 104 M−1 and an exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD) of 31.5 nM. Moreover, the binding stoichiometry between Probe 4a and Zr(IV) was determined to be 1:1, as confirmed by both Job's plot analysis and spectroscopy analysis. Successful Zr(IV) ion detection in real samples was achieved using synthesized compound 4a. Furthermore, compound 4a exhibits notable antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Molecular docking analysis with the TLR-4 receptor protein supports the antibacterial efficacy of compound 4a, revealing a robust binding energy of -8.23 kcal mol−1.

Preparation of zirconium functionalized magnetic peanut husk crosslinked with polyethyleneimine and its application for the adsorption of phosphates in aqueous solution

The removal of phosphates (PO43−) from wastewater is of utmost importance owing to their ability to interfere with the normal functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a composite based on zirconium coated magnetic peanut husk crosslinked with polyethyleneimine (Zr@MPN-PEI) was synthesized, characterized and its efficiency as an adsorbent was assessed using PO43− as a model pollutant. Zr@MPN-PEI was found to have good physicochemical properties which endeared its use as an adsorbent. The use of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker may have resulted in an enhanced crosslinking with polyethyleneimine (PEI) which may have contributed to the increased adsorption capacity as confirmed from the comparability studies. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Zr@MPN-PEI could reach 36.6 ± 4.0 mg g−1 (according to P) under ambient temperature with the underlying kinetics best described by the Elovich model. The fitting of adsorption models to the equilibrium data showed that the Temkin model was the best fit as compared with the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The study of the associated thermodynamics showed the adsorption process to be endothermic, feasible and spontaneous. Furthermore, Zr@MPN-PEI was found to be efficient within a broad pH range and possessed good stability and regeneration capabilities due to its ability to retain the loaded zirconium ions as confirmed by the leaching test. These excellent features coupled with its economic viability as confirmed via cost analysis may promote the prospects of Zr@MPN-PEI for practical environmental remediation processes.

Efficacious Recovery of Zirconium and Yttrium Ions from Effluents Using a Gamma-Irradiated Reduced Graphene Oxide Polymeric Composite

There are many great uses for heavy elements that are expanding daily and generating enormous amounts of effluents. Therefore, tremendous scientific efforts in removing, recovering, and recycling them are carried out to prevent these harmful effects on the environment and human health. The polyacrylic-carboxymethyl cellulose-trioctyl amine/reduced graphene oxide adsorbent (AA-CMC-TOA/rGO) was synthesized as a promising sorbent for Zr4+ and Y3+ ions by gamma irradiation for a mixture of acrylic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, and trioctyl amine as an organic solvent. A complete characterization of the manufactured composite was carried out to find out its chemical and physical properties several techniques such as XRD, EDX, SEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTA, and BET. Several factors affecting the Zr4+ and Y3+ adsorption processes were studied to set the best conditions that achieve the extreme loading capacity of Zr4+ and Y3+ ions. Loading capacities of 0.99 and 1.07 mmol g−1 were achieved for Zr4+ and Y3+, respectively. The results of the kinetic models indicated that the adsorption reactions of Zr4+ and Y3+ ions were carried out via a chemical reaction mechanism. Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Redlich–Peterson models accurately described the adsorption isotherm data by proving their chemical nature. The results of thermodynamics added evidence of the chemical nature, spontaneous, and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes. A complete retrieval for Zr4+ and Y3+ ions contents located in the effluent was efficiently achieved using AA-CMC-TOA/rGO sorbent which proved its uses as a promising sorbent.

Effect of Mg and Zr co-doping on the Co-less Ni-rich cathode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries

The Co-less Ni-rich (Ni ≥ 90 %) layered cathode materials are attracting attention because of their high specific capacity and relatively low cost. However, its application is hampered by low cycling stability and structural susceptibility to deterioration. To resolve these issues, the Li0.994Mg0.006(Ni0.925Co0.03Mn0.045)0.996Zr0.004O2 (MZ-NCM) cathode material co-doped with magnesium and zirconium ions was synthesized by the solid-phase method through optimization of the formulation. The physicochemical properties of the materials were investigated in detail by XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS and HR-TEM. Compared with the bare NCM, the MZ-NCM exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with capacity retention of 82.03 % after 150 cycles and discharge specific capacity of 171.81 mAh g−1 at rate of 10C. Comparison of dQ/dV, XRD, SEM and HR-TEM of the electrodes after cycling indicated that the Mg2+ and Zr4+ co-doped cathode maintains intact spherical morphology and relatively stable layered structure.

A novel carbon-based material with titanium and zirconium ions etched on hollow mesoporous carbon tubes for specific capture of phosphopeptides and exosomes

The analysis of low abundance phosphopeptides in organisms and specific capture exosomes are crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of diseases. For this reason, titanium-zirconium ions and highly biocompatible dopamine and polyimide tubes (PITs) were introduced, and a novel carbon-based material with titanium and zirconium ions etched on hollow mesoporous carbon tubes (HMCT), denoted as G@C@Ti–Zr-HMCT, comes into being after high-temperature calcination. Attributing to the tightly bound titanium and zirconium ions to HMCT and the high carbon content of the polydopamine carbonaceous layer, G@C@Ti–Zr-HMCT displays satisfactory capability of enriching phosphopeptides with satisfactory detection limit (0.2 fmol), extraordinary selectivity (1:2000), and good loading capacity (100 μg/mg). In addition, 25 phosphopeptides related to 25 phosphoproteins from the serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 30 phosphopeptides attributed to 26 phosphoproteins from the serum of healthy individuals were enriched by G@C@Ti–Zr-HMCT, respectively. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of the above results revealed that PD were associated with serine, threonine, and leucine of high frequency, blood coagulation in BP, Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial outer membrane in CC, and heparin binding in MF. Moreover, the phospholipid bilayer of exosomes and metallic titanium and zirconium ions interact to produce the following results: this highly biocompatible carbon-based material was successfully applied to capture exosomes, which offers a promising platform for isolating exosomes. To sum up, these delightful results confirmed without doubt that G@C@Ti–Zr-HMCT has enjoyed a splendiferous future in the specific capture of phosphopeptides and exosomes isolation.

Recycling of stainless steel pickling wastewater and polyethylene terephthalate plastic: A total-waste synthesis of metal-organic framework

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract considerable interests in various fields while relatively high cost limits their industrial-level use. Herein, we proposed a total-waste preparation route for Fe/Cr-MIL-88B (MIL, Matérial Institut Lavoisier), in which stainless steel pickling wastewater (PW) and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) act the total raw materials. Interestingly, PET is easily decomposed to terephthalic acid (H2BDC) under the strong acid environment of PW. Benefited from that, the formation of MOFs from PET and PW can be achieved via one-pot hydrothermal reaction, superior to the traditional two-step method. The obtained MIL-88B exhibits long-term acid/base stability and high removal efficiency for zirconium (IV) ion. Besides, the structure and adsorption performance of the products are not controlled by the discharge batch of the pickling wastewater, indicating the feasibility for continuous production in industry. Thus, our work provides a feasible route for preparing low-cost MOFs and recycling industrial wastes.

Age dating of liquid 90Sr–90Y sources

In the context of age dating of 90Sr, the selective adsorption of zirconium ions from the mixture with strontium and yttrium by adsorbents based on TiO2 with a chemically modified surface was investigated. The general features of the separation process of strontium, yttrium, and zirconium in batch conditions were determined. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the initial and residual concentrations of the studied cations. Separation of 90Zr and 90Sr from a liquid source containing 90Sr–90Y using adsorbents based on TiO2 was performed for the first time. The ratio of 90Zr/90Sr was measured, and the age of liquid 90Sr–90Y sources was determined. In addition, we studied the age dating of 90Sr–90Y sources using a combination of liquid-scintillation counting of 90Sr and ICP-MS measurement. The results of both methods – the method of age-dating with the chemical separation of isotopes and the combination of LSC and ICP-MS analysis – agree very well and thus serve for cross-validation. Moreover, the combination of the two methods increases the confidence in the age-dating results of 90Sr–90Y sources.

Barium Silicate Glasses and Glass–Ceramic Seals for YSZ-Based Electrochemical Devices

The effect of partial SiO2 substitution with Al2O3 and B2O3 on the thermal properties and crystallization of glass sealants in the (50 − x)SiO2–30BaO–20MgO–xAl2O3(B2O3) (wt %) system is studied. It is established that the coefficient of thermal expansion of all obtained glasses lies within a range of 8.2–9.9 × 10−6 K−1. Alumina-doped glasses crystallize after quenching, while samples containing boron oxide are completely amorphous. Magnesium silicates are formed in all glasses after exposure at 1000 °C for 125 h. After 500 h of exposure, a noticeable diffusion of zirconium ions is observed from the YSZ electrolyte to the glass sealant volume, resulting in the formation of the BaZrSi3O9 compound. The crystallization and products of interaction between YSZ ceramics and boron-containing sealants have no significant effects on the adhesion and properties of glass sealants, which makes them promising for applications in electrochemical devices.

Offline development for collinear laser spectroscopy at the SLOWRI facility

Collinear laser spectroscopy on isotopic chains of refractory elements is under preparation at the SLOWRI facility in the radioactive isotope (RI) beam factory of RIKEN. Towards online measurement on RI beams, we have prepared an offline setup and performed test measurements using singly charged barium isotopes. Then we measured spectra of singly charged zirconium ions as a proof of principle for refractory elements.

Effect of aliovalent substitution on the crystal distortion and negative thermal expansion properties of Zr2SP2O12

We evaluated the thermal expansion of newly synthesized Zr2-xMxSyP2O12-δ, with zirconium (IV) ion (Zr4+) partially substituted by five aliovalent ions (aluminum (III) ion (Al3+), iron (III) ion (Fe3+), yttrium (III) ion (Y3+), niobium (V) ion (Nb5+), and gadolinium (III) (Gd3+)) ion. High-temperature X-ray diffraction patterns showed that Zr2-xMxSyP2O12-δ had the same negative thermal expansion as Zr2SP2O12 and that the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion (αv) could be controlled by ion substitution. The lowest αv value obtained for Zr1.7Y0.3SP2O12-δ at 373–453 K was approximately −117 ppm/K. Rietveld's analysis showed that aliovalent substitution could make the crystal structure of Zr2SP2O12 at 303–373 K distorted and the lattice volume larger. In addition, multiregression analysis demonstrated that ZrO6 octahedral volume and certain bond angles in the crystal structure were related to the lattice volume.

Improvement in deformation degree of Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 ceramics by diffusion annealing temperature

This study investigated the effects of different annealing temperatures (650 °C ≤ T ≤ 840 °C) on the surface morphological and mechanical performance properties of Zr surface-layered Bi-2223 materials with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, Vickers microhardness (Hv) measurements, and semi-empirical mechanical approaches. It was observed that the ceramic compound exposed to 650 °C annealing temperature exhibited the superior performance features due to the enhancement in the deformation degree. This is because the Zr ions behaved as the nucleation centers to prevent the propagations of cracks and dislocations throughout the main matrix depending on the decrease in the degree of granularity and distributions of crystal structure problems over a wider area. Similarly, the SEM pictures indicated that the diffusion mechanism increased the random distributions of the thinner plate-like granular structures (serving as nucleation centers), leading the decrease in the coupling problems between the grains. Among the materials, the highest surface densification was observed for the compound exposed to 650 °C. Namely, surface morphological analysis showed a strong correlation between microstructure and mechanical performances. Further, the zirconium ions were found to decrease in the non-recoverable stress concentration sites, crack-initiating defects, and dislocations in the ceramic system. Accordingly, the sensitivity to the applied test load was noted to decrease dramatically. Shortly, crack growth size and velocity were observed to be more easily under control. Correspondingly, the Zr ions delayed considerably the beginning points of saturation limit (load-independent) regions for the bulk Bi-2223 superconducting materials. Additionally, the Zr ions led to the change in the mechanical characteristic behavior from typical indentation size effect to reverse indentation size effect. Lastly, the microindentation hardness measurements were semi-empirically analyzed by the different models. According to the comparison, Hays-Kendall mechanical model was noted to provide the closest parameters to the load-independent microhardness results.

Doubly cross‐linked polymer gels with ultra‐high‐thermal stability for hydrofracking

AbstractCross‐linked polymer gels have been commonly utilized in the hydraulic fracturing process for stimulating oil and gas production; however, their weak thermal stability still impedes their more broadly use. Here we report doubly cross‐linked polymer gel consists of a high‐viscosity friction reducer (HVFR), poly‐(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane‐sulfonic acid), and crosslinkers zirconium ion (Zr4+) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The mixture solution of HVFR/Zr4+/PEI can be gelled spontaneously via heating to form double cross‐linked polymer gel due to the formation of physical and chemical crosslinks. The electrostatic interactions of Zr4+ and carboxylate moieties from HVFR to form first physically cross‐linked network at low temperature; the transamidation reaction between amide groups of HVFR and primary amines of PEI to generate second chemically cross‐linked network at high temperature. More significantly, the physical and chemical crosslinks can work synergistically to improve thermal stability of double cross‐linked polymer gel as compared to single cross‐linked polymer gel counterparts, which is capable of reaching fluid service temperatures up to 190°C. The double cross‐linked polymer gel features delayed crosslinking performance, the physically cross‐linked reaction of HVFR and Zr4+ occurs at approximately 52°C, while the onset of chemical crosslink of HVFR and PEI can be tuned from 154 to 180°C. Moreover, double cross‐linked polymer gel provides a high viscosity at ultra‐high temperatures, with remarkable heat‐ and shear‐resistance as well as proppant carrying capacity in hydrofracking process. The double cross‐linked polymer gel also can be completely broken with no apparent residues. This double cross‐linked polymer gel may provide a new approach for polymer gels used in ultra‐high‐temperature reservoirs.

Preparation and Application of a NaCl-KCl-CsCl-Cs2ZrCl6 Composite Electrolyte

Using ternary molten salt with a molar ratio of NaCl:KCl:CsCl = 30:24.5:45.5 and ZrCl4 as raw materials to prepare a NaCl-KCl-CsCl-Cs2ZrCl6 composite electrolyte. Characterizing by XRD, ICP-AES, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS, the results showed that when the molar ratio of CsCl:ZrCl4 ≥ 2:1, Cs2ZrCl6 was generated according to the stoichiometric reaction; when the molar ratio of CsCl:ZrCl4 < 2:1, CsCl in molten salt was almost completely converted to Cs2ZrCl6, and there was a ZrCl4 phase. When the molar ratio of CsCl:ZrCl4 = 2:1, with the increase of the reaction temperature and reaction time, the concentration of zirconium ions first increased and then decreased. The optimized preparation process conditions are: the 2:1 molar ratio of CsCl to ZrCl4 in NaCl-KCl-CsCl, 500 °C of reaction temperature of and 3 h of reaction time. Under this condition, 99.68% conversion rate from ZrCl4 to Cs2ZrCl6 was obtained. Taking the prepared NaCl-KCl-CsCl-Cs2ZrCl6 composite electrolyte as a raw material, a preliminary study of molten salt electrolytic refining zirconium was carried out, and a refined zirconium product with a dendrite of 10.61 mm was obtained under the conditions of a zirconium ions concentration of 5%, an electrolysis temperature of 750 °C, a current density of 0.1 A/cm2, and an electrolysis time of 9 h, indicating that the composite electrolyte can be used for the electrolytic refining of zirconium.