Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin Tetrasulfonate Research Articles

PH-Controlled selective synthesis of lactate from pyruvate with a photoredox system of water-soluble zinc porphyrin, an electron mediator and platinum nanoparticles dispersed by polyvinylpyrrolidone

The pH-controlled visible-light driven selective pyruvate reduction to lactate with a system of triethanolamine, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, methylviologen and colloidal platinum nanoparticles was achieved.

Visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to formate with a system of water-soluble zinc porphyrin and formate dehydrogenase in ionic liquid/aqueous media.

Visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to formate with a system consisting of water-soluble zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS), formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CbFDH) and methylviologen (MV) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor in an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ([EMlm][Me2PO4])/aqueous media was investigated. The catalytic activity of CbFDH for formate oxidation to CO2 and CO2 reduction to formate did not decrease significantly even in [EMlm][Me2PO4]/aqueous media, compared with that in aqueous media. The visible-light-driven MV reduction by the photosensitization of ZnTPPS in [EMlm][Me2PO4]/aqueous media proceeds more efficiently than in the aqueous media system. In the visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to formate system of ZnTPPS, MV and CbFDH with [EMlm][Me2PO4]/aqueous media, moreover, the formate production concentration after 180 min decreased by only 20% as compared with the system in aqueous media.

The effect of the functional ionic group of the viologen derivative on visible-light driven CO2 reduction to formic acid with the system consisting of water-soluble zinc porphyrin and formate dehydrogenase.

The effect of the functional ionic group of 4,4'-bipyridinium salt derivatives (4,4'-BPs) as the electron carrier on the visible-light driven conversion of CO2 to formic acid with the system consisting of water-soluble zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron donor was investigated. 1,1'-Diaminoethyl- (DAV), 1-aminoethyl-1'-methyl- (AMV), 1-carboxymethyl-1'-methyl- (CMV) and 1,1'-dicarboxymethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salt (DCV) were prepared as the 4,4'-BPs with the functional ionic group. Irradiation of a CO2 saturated buffer solution containing TEOA, ZnTPPS, 4,4'-BP and FDH with visible light irradiation resulted in the production of formic acid. By using 4,4'-BPs with the cationic aminoethyl-group, DAV or AMV as an electron carrier, the effective visible-light driven formic acid production based on the CO2 reduction was observed compared to the 4,4'-BPs with the anionic carboxymethyl-group, CMV or DCV. The formic acid production rate with DAV was approximately 3.2 times higher than that of the system with DCV.

Visible-light induced hydrogen and formic acid production from biomass and carbon dioxide with enzymatic and artificial photosynthesis system

Hydrogen and formic acid as a hydrogen energy storage material productions system coupling the glucose oxidation with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and hydrogen and formic acid productions with platinum nano-particle and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) as a catalyst combination of visible light-induced photoreduction of methylviologen (MV2+) by water soluble zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS) via the NADP+/NADPH redox cycle in the carbon dioxide saturated solution is developed. After 90 min irradiation to above system, the amount of hydrogen and formic acid productions in the system were estimated to be 4.3 and 0.2 μmol, respectively. Hydrogen gas and formic acid as a hydrogen gas carrier molecule were simultaneously produced from the glucose as a biomass and carbon dioxide by using this system.

Photochemical and enzymatic methanol synthesis from HCO3− by dehydrogenases using water-soluble zinc porphyrin in aqueous media

We studied the photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of methanol from HCO3− using formate dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from Candida boidinii, aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isolated from yeast, and the photoreduction of methyl viologen (MV2+) by the visible-light sensitization using zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA). When a sample solution containing ZnTPPS, MV2+, FDH, AldDH, ADH, TEOA, and NaHCO3 in potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH 8) was irradiated, the amount of methanol produced increased with the irradiation time. After irradiation for 3h, 4.5μmoldm−3 of methanol was produced from 100μmoldm−3 NaHCO3. The conversion ratio of HCO3− to methanol was approximately 4.5%. This result indicates that a system for the photochemical synthesis of methanol from HCO3− can be developed by using three dehydrogenases (FDH, AldDH, and ADH) and for the photoreduction of MV2+ through the photosensitization of ZnTPPS in aqueous media.

Photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and water-soluble zinc porphyrin

We evaluated the photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NAD + photoreduction by the visible-light sensitization of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS) in the presence of methylviologen (MV 2+), diaphorase, and triethanolamine (TEOA). When the sample solution containing ZnTPPS, MV 2+, NAD +, diaphorase, and TEOA in potassium phosphate buffer solution was irradiated, the NADH produced increased with the irradiation time. After irradiation for 180 min, the conversion yield of NAD + to NADH was about 60% under 0.1 mM NAD + condition. The methanol production also depended on the conversion yield of NAD + to NADH. After irradiation for 180 min, 0.38 μM of methanol was produced from formaldehyde (16 μM). The conversion ratio of formaldehyde to methanol was about 2.3%. This result indicates that a system for the photochemical synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde was developed with ADH and the NADH produced by the photosensitization of ZnTPPS in water media.

Photochemical Synthesis of Methanol from Formaldehyde Using Alcohol Dehydrogenase Coupled with Photosensitization of Zinc Porphyrin

Photochemical synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde was evaluated with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NAD + photoreduction by the visible light photosensitization of zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS) in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) as an electron-donating reagent. Irradiation of a solution containing ZnTPPS, methylviologen (MV 2+ ), NAD + , diaphorase (5 units) and TEOA in potassium phosphate buffer with visible light resulted in formation of NADH increasing with time. NADH was not formed in the absence of any one of the five components, TEOA, ZnTPPS, MV 2+ , diaphorase and NAD + . The reduction ratio of NAD + to NADH reached about 60% after 180 min irradiation. Irradiation of a solution containing formaldehyde. ZnTPPS, MV 2+ , ADH, diaphorase and TEOA with visible light resulted in formation of methanol. The formaldehyde concentration decreased with formation of methanol. This result indicates that the photochemical synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde depends on ADH and NADH produced by the photosensitization of ZnTPPS. The concentration of methanol was 0.38 μmol · dm -3 after 3 h irradiation under conditions of ZnTPPS (1.0 μmol·dm -3 ), MV 2+ (0.1 mmol·dm -3 ), NAD + (0.1 mmol·dm -3 ), diaphorase (5 units), TEOA (0.3 mol·dm -3 ), formaldehyde (16 μmol·dm -3 ) and ADH (25 units).

04/00713 Effect of support on catalytic properties of Rh catalysts for steam reforming of 2-propanol: Mizuno, T. et al. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28, (12), 1393–1399

Photoinduced hydrogen production with the system containing triethanolamine, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, methylviologen and hydrogenase in various nonionic surfactant micellar was investigated. The effective photoreduction of methylviologen and an effective hydrogen production with hydrogenase were accomplished in the presence of various nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Triton X-305, Nonidet P-40, Triton N-101, Tween-20 and Tween-40) micellar system. Especially, the hydrogen production rate was increased by an addition of Tween-40 dramatically.

Highly efficient photochemical hydrogen production system using zinc porphyrin and hydrogenase in CTAB micellar system

Photochemical hydrogen production with the system containing triethanolamine, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, methylviologen and hydrogenase in cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated. The effective photoreduction of methylviologen and an effective hydrogen production with hydrogenase were accomplished in the presence of CTAB micellar system by optimizing the reaction condition.

Photoinduced Hydrogen Production from Sucrose with the Combination System of Water-soluble Zinc Porphyrin and Enzymes

Abstract Photoinduced hydrogen production from sucrose as an electron-donating reagent has been investigated. When the sample solution containing sucrose, invertase, glucose dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucreotide (NAD+), zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS), methylviologen and colloidal platinum was irradiated, continuous hydrogen production was observed.

Photoinduced hydrogen production with water-soluble zinc porphyrin and hydrogenase in nonionic surfactant micellar system

Photoinduced hydrogen production with the system containing triethanolamine, zinc tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate, methylviologen and hydrogenase in various nonionic surfactant micellar was investigated. The effective photoreduction of methylviologen and an effective hydrogen production with hydrogenase were accomplished in the presence of various nonionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Triton X-305, Nonidet P-40, Triton N-101, Tween-20 and Tween-40) micellar system. Especially, the hydrogen production rate was increased by an addition of Tween-40 dramatically.

Effective photoinduced hydrogen evolution with hydrogenase in surfactant micelles

Photoinduced hydrogen evolution with hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki) by the combination of three component system consisting of triethanolamine, zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS 4) and methyl viologen was investigated in cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or non ionic surfactant, Triton X-100 micellar solution by steady state irradiation. The rate of photoreduction of methyl viologen increased by the addition of surfactants, especially CTAB. The back electron transfer reaction from reduced methyl viologen to ZnTPPS 4 cation radical was strongly suppressed by the addition of various surfactants, especially ionic surfactant CTAB or SDS. The effective hydrogen evolution from reduced methyl viologen with hydrogenase was accomplished in the presence of CTAB or Triton X-100 micelle.

Effect of cationic surfactant on photoinduced hydrogen evolution with hydrogenase

Photoinduced hydrogen evolution with hydrogenase by use of a three component system consisting of triethanolamine, zinctetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonate (ZnTPPS 4) and methyl viologen was investigated in cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In the presence of CTAB, the lifetime of reduced methyl viologen and ZnTPPS 4 cation radical increased and effective hydrogen evolution from reduced methyl viologen with hydrogenase was accomplished.

Photoreduction of keto carboxylic acid derivatives to oxyacid derivatives catalyzed by ZnTPPS[zinc tetraphenylporphyrintetrasulfonate]-quinolinium-3-carboxamide-CTAB micelle

Photoreduction of keto carboxylic acid derivatives to oxyacid derivatives catalyzed by ZnTPPS[zinc tetraphenylporphyrintetrasulfonate]-quinolinium-3-carboxamide-CTAB micelle