Zinc Sulfate Solution Research Articles

Manganese spinel ferrites‐composite nanotubes impregnated thermally endured cellulose acetate membranes for superior desalination application

AbstractManganese nanoferrites are decorated over single‐wall carbon nanotubes using in situ co‐precipitation technique to incorporate into cellulose acetate (CA) polymer in order to prepare nanocomposite membranes for salt rejection and desalination purpose. The microstructural study reveals the pore size of the synthesized membranes from 5 nm to 0.20 μm depending upon the loading concentration of the impregnated nanocomposite tubes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the synthesized membranes delineate the presence of decorated nanotubes in the host polymer matrix. Thermal degradation study proclaims the thermal endurance enhancement with increasing nanotubes concentration in the polymer matrix. Flux rate of the deionized (DI) water through the prepared membranes decreases with increasing nano‐filler concentration while this impact is observed inverse in salt rejection study of the aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) solutions due to the transformation of microporosity to nanoporosity with increasing composite tubes dosing into the host CA polymer.

Quantitation of Mycophenolic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid Glucuronide in Serum or Plasma by LC-MS/MS.

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressant that is used as an adjunct therapy in renal, liver, and heart transplantation. Due to its narrow therapeutic range, monitoring MPA levels is essential to avoid toxicity and organ rejection. Although immunoassays are available for the determination of MPA, mass spectrometry methods are preferred due to their higher specificity. Herein, we describe a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method utilizing positive ionization electrospray and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the quantification of MPA levels and its conjugate, MPA glucuronide (MPAG). Blood collected in a plain, EDTA, or heparin-containing tube is centrifuged to separate the serum or plasma. Proteins are precipitated using a zinc sulfate solution and acetonitrile containing deuterated internal standards (MPA-d3 and MPAG-d3). The resulting protein-free supernatant is injected into the LC-MS/MS system for analysis. The chromatography involves the use of a C18 column and ammonium acetate/water/formic acid and ammonium acetate/methanol/formic acid mobile phases. Quantification of MPA and MPAG levels is achieved by comparing the MRM peak area ratios of analytes and internal standards, consisting of specific precursor/product pairs, with those of calibrators at various concentrations. Calibration curves are constructed from the MRM peak area ratios of calibrators and internal standards versus concentration. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Quantitation of mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide in serum or plasma by LC-MS/MS.

Topical 20% Zinc Sulphate Solution in the Treatment of TeniaCorporis

Tenia corporis is still a very comlnon disease aTong Iraqi people with so many systernic and topical treatment. To evaluate the thelapeutic efica.y or rin. sulpliate ,otution i' the treatment of tenia corporis. Fofty five patients compleied the t,"Jv irr-iir*it teaching hospital, patients were divided in to two groups; Gioup A: thirty patients treated with topical zinc sulphate 20Yo Solution appliedlwice daily ior two weeks, Group B: fifteen patients treated witil topical distill r"uti. and used as a control group. All pa:tients were exatlined clinically atrd tnicrobiologically before treatment and after the 1rt*..[;;J t;; of tleatment. Group A, patients showed a clinical .ut. urt.r ll[-l;;;k of treatment rvhile tlie nricrobiological cure obtained after the 2"d *".k of treatment, a'd only few patients colnplained of rnild initation inthe.first few days of treatnient. croupn padents didrr't sliow neitlter clinical nor microbiological .ur.. So topical 20%o zinc sulphate solutiou is effective in the tt'eatment of tenia cJrporis with negligibie side eff'ects.

Комплексная переработка отработанного медного электролита

The paper presents data on obtaining valuable metal salts from the spent copper electrolyte. During its treatment, it is possible to produce copper, zinc sulfate solution, iron(III) oxide, nickel carbonate, and dilute sulfuric acid.

Study of cadmium ions cementation with zinc powder from high-cadmium-concentration zinc sulphate solutions

ABSTRACT The recovery of metals from industrial and metallurgical effluents is crucial to minimise the environmental and economic impacts associated with the generation and disposal of these solutions. Therefore, this study uses zinc powder for the cementation of cadmium from a high-cadmium-concentration zinc sulphate solution. This study investigates the dependence of cadmium removal efficiency on the initial copper concentration, solution pH, stoichiometric ratio of added zinc, temperature, particle size, zinc powder activation and mode of zinc addition. The results show the possibility of achieving a cadmium removal efficiency 90–95% under optimal conditions. The reaction kinetics calculations revealed an activation energy of 11.89 kJ mol–1, indicating a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism and the possibility to reduce the limitations of the controlling step by increasing the stirring rate during the cementation process. These observations provide further understanding and guidance toward the efficient utilisation of cadmium cementation to prepare sponge cadmium in zinc hydrometallurgy.

Analysis of Free Pantothenic Acid in Foods by HPLC and LC-MS/MS

A simple and reliable analytical method has been developed for the determination of pantothenic acid in food. For the high-protein food, 20 mL of water was added to 2 g of sample, and after homogenization extraction, 1 mL of 15% zinc sulfate solution was added, mixed well, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution. For the low-protein food, 20 mL of 1% formic acid solution was added to 2 g of sample, homogenized, extracted, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution. The HPLC separation was carried out on a L-column2 ODS column with 0.02 mol/L phosphate solution (pH 3.0)- acetonitrile (95 : 5) as the mobile phase, and detected at 200 nm. The LC-MS/MS conditions were L-column2 ODS as the separation column, 5 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.01% formic acid)-methanol (85 : 15) as the mobile phase, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for detection. The recoveries of pantothenic acid in milk powder and nutritional food products were more than 88% with high precision. As a result of analyzing commetrcially available foods labeled as containing pantothenic acid, analytical values almost identical to the labeled values were obtained, and a high correlation was observed between the values obtained by HPLC and LC-MS/MS.

Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Using Pyridinium Ionic Liquids

Zinc sulfide nanoparticles (quantum dots) were synthesized from aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and zinc sulfate using pyridinium ionic liquids. The average sizes of zinc sulfide nanoparticles were determined by UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, probe and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the structure and concentration of pyridinium ionic liquids with the tetrafluoroborate anion of the same name on the size of zinc sulfide nanoparticles has been studied. The effect of the precursor concentration on the size of the nanoparticles formed in the ash was established.

A comparison between microscopical and ELISA technique in diagnosis of Giardia lamblia infection with epidemiological and biochemical study among Children under ten years in Tikrit District

The current study includes 644 stool samples of patients infected with diarrhea less than ten years old who are attended Tikrit Teaching Hospital from 1/12/2008 to 30/6/2009. Three methods are used for the examination of stool, the first one is the direct microscopical test. The number of samples which are tested are 55 with the percentage of 8.54%. The second is the floatation method with three solution[ Zinc Sulphate solution, Sucrose solution, and Sodium chloride solution] The number of samples which are tested by floatation method are 64 with the percentage of 9.94%. The third is ELISA method to detect parasite antigen in stool. The number of samples which are tested by this methods are 80 with the percentage of 12.42%. The results show there are significant difference between infected patients with giardiasis and the healthy persons group and for significant level 0.05<p in the mentioned tests. The study points out a decrease in both Hb, PCV and an increase in the rate of WBCc and ESR . The study point out a decrease in the rate of Ca++, Mg++, Na+, Tp, Chol. And Tri. and an increase in the rate concentration of GOT, GPT.

PREVALENCE, ECONOMIC IMPACT AND THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY IN ACUTE INFECTIOUS PODODERMATITIS IN SHEEP

This study assessed seasonal incidence, economic losses, the efficacy of therapeutic protocols, the recovery time of affected animals and specific prophylactic measures applied to sheep with acute infectious pododermatitis. The studies were conducted over a period of 12 months in 3 different sheep farms from private units in the same area. The results of the study showed an increased incidence of the disease in all 3 farms, with an average of 26.94% of the sheep flock. The incidence of the disease was increased in the months of April-May-June-July and September-October (30%), when there were heavy rains. The high morbidity led to economic losses through the decrease in milk production by approximately 30% and the decrease in the weight of the sheep by 10.58% (4.2 kg) of their normal weight. The therapeutic protocol applied locally as well as parenterally, combined with a foot bath with 10% zinc sulphate solution, were effective in treating acute infectious pododermatitis of sheep. The average recovery time (days) was approximately the same in the three groups of sheep (5.25 ± 0.68 days for cases with moderate diseases and 10.2 ± 0.22 for cases with severe diseases).

Reductive leaching kinetics of indium and further selective separation by fraction precipitation

Reductive leaching of high-iron bearing zinc leaching residue (HIZLR) by zinc sulfide concentrate to extract indium and its further selective separation from the leachate were studied. The results indicated that over 95% of indium extraction was achieved at particle sizes of 74−105 μm, reaction temperature of 90 °C, leaching time of 300 min and sulfuric acid concentration of 1.4 mol/L. The leaching kinetics was analyzed by the shrinking core model, and the leaching data from various experimental conditions indicated that the reactions were controlled by the diffusion through the solid product layer with an activation energy of 17.96 kJ/mol. The order of the reaction with respect to the sulfuric acid concentration was determined to be 2.41. Over 99% of copper and arsenic were coprecipitated in the cementation of copper with iron powder. More than 98% of indium was selectively separated from zinc sulfate solution with high ferrous ion content, and the indium-rich precipitate, which had an indium content of approximately 2.4%, could be further treated by the acid leaching−solvent extraction−electrowinning process to produce pure indium.

НЕЙТРАЛ ОРТАДА (NA2SO4) АЙНЫМАЛЫ ТОКПЕН ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИЯЛАНҒАН МЫРЫШ ЭЛЕКТРОДЫНЫҢ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЯЛЫҚ ЕРУІ

Мақалада потенциинамикалық поляризация қисықтары арқылы натрий сульфатының ерітіндісінде мырыштың электрохимиялық еруі қарастырылады. Мырыш ерітіндіде екі валентті иондар түрінде анодты еріген кезде және одан әрі сумен әрекеттескенде электрод бетінде пассивті қабат түрінде мырыш гидроксиді түзілетіні анықталды. РН 2-ден 5-ке дейін жоғарылаған сайын мырыштың еру жылдамдығы төмендейді. РН 10-да мырыштың тотығуы үлкен артық потенциалмен жүреді, бірақ гидроксо формасына байланысты электрод бетінде бірдей жылдамдықпен ериді. Электролит температурасының мырыштың анодты еріту процесіне әсері. Температураның жоғарылауымен анодтық токтың максимумдары артады. Температуралық-кинетикалық әдіс бойынша 300, 500 және 700 мВ асқын кернеуді белсендірудің тиімді энергиясы есептелген, оның мәні сәйкесінше 17,8, 15,5 және 15,4 кДж / моль болды, бұл проценттің диффузиялық режимінің басталуын көрсетеді.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DISSOLUTION OF A ZINC ELECTRODE POLARIZED BY ALTERNATING CURRENT IN A NEUTRAL MEDIUM (NA2SO4)

This article discusses the electrochemical dissolution of zinc sulfate solution, sodium registration method potendinamicheskih polarization curves. It has been found that when the anodic dissolution of zinc into the solution as divalent ions, and further by reacting with water formed by hydrolysis of zinc hydroxide , postponing which generates on the electrode surface passivation layer . With increasing pH from 2 to 5 occurs the dissolution rate of zinc reduction. At pH 10, zinc oxidation proceeds with a large over potential, however due form hydroxo metal electrode dissolves at the same rate. The influence of electrolyte temperature on the process of anodic dissolution of zinc. With increasing temperature the increase of anodic current maxima. By temperature- kinetic method to calculate the effective activation energy, overvoltage 300, 500 and 700 mV, its value was 17.8 15.5 15.4 kJ / mol, respectively, which indicates the occurrence of a diffusion process mode.

Research of the Process of Purification of Sulfate Zinc Solution from Iron Ions Using Anodic Oxidation

The possibility of using a membrane electrolytic cell for the electrochemical oxidation of Fe(II) and purification from impurities of real industrial solutions obtained by atmospheric leaching of low-grade zinc concentrates is considered. The average indicators for carrying out the electrooxidation process are given. The principal possibility of conditioning a zinc sulfate solution by hydrolytic purification with preliminary oxidation of iron in a membrane electrolytic cell with an anion-exchange membrane MA-41 TU 2255-062-05761695-2009 is considered. Carrying out direct electrooxidation of iron (II) in sulfate zinc solutions in the anode chamber of a flow membrane electrolyzer ensures good filterability of precipitates after hydrolytic precipitation of iron, since this solution does not contain Fe(II) ions, the presence of which leads to significant difficulties in the operations of separating solid and liquid phases. This makes it possible to exclude the thickening operation from the technological scheme. The degree of oxidation of iron during the test period was 99.8–99.9%. The residual concentration of iron after precipitation from solutions obtained after electrochemical oxidation in the form of oxide and hydroxide compounds was less than 0.01 g/dm3.

Removal of toxic cadmium (II) from zinc sulfate solution with zinc powder enhanced by ultrasound: Kinetics and mechanism

Currently, removing cadmium (II) from zinc sulfate electrolytes using zinc powder presents several problems, such as the agglomeration and encapsulation of the zinc powder, which leads to increased consumption of the zinc powder and poor removal performance. To overcome this limitation, ultrasound is used to assist the replacement of the zinc powder to remove cadmium (II) from zinc sulfate electrolytes. Compared with conventional replacements, the ultrasonic-assisted replacements reduce the reaction time from 120 to 40 min, the reaction temperature from 60 to 55 ℃, and the required amount of zinc powder from 5 to 3 g/L. Under the same process conditions, the replacement rate of cadmium (II) is increased from 68.9 to 98.7 %. According to kinetic studies, ultrasound reduces the required activation energy for replacement from 34.77 to 16.83 kJ/mol, which significantly reduces the energy barrier of the cadmium precipitation. In addition, ultrasound can remove the reaction layer between the zinc powder and cadmium (II), thus accelerating the chemical reaction rate. The kinetic behavior changes when the initial cadmium (II) concentration is in the range of 800–1200 mg/L in conventional experiments, and 1600–2000 mg/L in ultrasound experiments. The characterization of the purification slags confirms that ultrasound can refine particles, improve the replacement rate of cadmium (II), and significantly reduce the consumption of the zinc powder. The ultrasound-enhanced purifying technology of zinc sulfate electrolytes with zinc powder is of great significance for zinc electrowinning and comprehensive recovery of cadmium.

Enhanced mechanical stirring by eccentric impeller stirring system in zinc hydrometallurgy process for cadmium removal

Abstract The fluid in the reactor can be poorly mixed, so an eccentric impeller is proposed to improve the fluid mixing efficiency. In this investigation, numerical simulations and cadmium removal experiments for the purification of zinc sulfate solution were conducted. The effect of eccentric impellers on the purification efficiency was discussed. The mechanism of the effect of concentric and eccentric arrangement of stirring impellers on mixing in the stirred tank was elucidated. The results showed that the average axial velocity of the eccentric impeller stirring system (EIS) was 131.52% of that of the concentric stirring system (CS) and 134.23% of that of the eccentric stirring system (ES). In the purification and removal of cadmium in the zinc hydrometallurgy experiment, unit ion purification energy was introduced to quantify the energy consumed for each 1% of Cd2+ removed. The eccentric impeller shortens the reaction time by 40% and reduces the reaction energy consumption by 31.8% compared to the non-eccentric impeller. Compared to CS and ES, EIS disrupts the periodicity of fluid flow and facilitates the destruction of isolated mixing regions. EIS can enhance mechanical stirring to improve purification efficiency.

PREVALENCE OF ENDOPARASITES BETWEEN DOMESTIC AND COMMUNITY CAT POPULATIONS IN ROCKLAND COUNTY, NEW YORK.

Cats (Felis catus) have the potential to spread and infect humans and other animals with a variety of endoparasites. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of parasites in community, outdoor, and strictly indoor domestic cats in Rockland County, New York. Between November 2020 and June 2021, fecal samples were collected from 3 populations (community = 65, outdoor domestic = 28, strictly indoor domestic = 35). A minimum of 2 g of feces were collected per sample and examined with centrifugal fecal floatation tests with 33% zinc sulfate solution and microscopy. Overall, community cats had a significantly higher prevalence of parasites compared to outdoor and strictly indoor cats (chi-square test, X2 = 24.943, df = 2, P = 3.835 × 10-6). The most prevalent endoparasite in all 3 populations was Toxocara cati. There was a significant difference between the 3 populations and parasite richness (chi-square test, X2 = 25.452, df = 4, P = 4.081 × 10-5). Polyparasitism was frequently observed in the community population, followed by the outdoor population. This study demonstrates that because community cats spend their entire lives outdoors, they are more at risk of being exposed to parasites and contribute to the contamination of the environment with these parasites.

Zinc Nutrition in Banana (cv. Grand Naine) at Early Growth Stage

Aims: Banana is one of the most important and globally popular table purpose fruit. This plant requires good nutrition management with respect to macro and all micronutrients combining both the organic and inorganic sources. Out of different micronutrients, zinc plays a vital role in normal growth of banana plants starting from young stage. With the view, the present experiment was carried out to study the effect of zinc nutrition on early growth of banana plants (cv. Grand Naine).
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications.
 Place and Duration of Study: Present study has been carried out at Horticultural Farm, Department of Horticulture and Postharvest Technology, Institute of Agricuture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal in the year 2022.
 Methodology: In the present experiment, treatments comprised of different levels of zinc nutrition using zinc sulphate ZnSO4 (@ 0.25% and 0.5%) which were applied on different days (15, 30, and 45 DAP). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and seven treatments (ZnSO4 @ 0.25% applied at 15 and 30 DAP, ZnSO4 @ 0.5% applied at 15 and 30 DAP, ZnSO4 @ 0.25% applied at 30 and 45 DAP, ZnSO4 @ 0.5% applied at 30 and 45 DAP, ZnSO4 @ 0.25% applied at 15 and 45 DAP, ZnSO4 @ 0.5% applied at 15 and 45 DAP and control or no zinc sulphate application). The neutralization of zinc sulphate solution was done by adding required amount of lime.
 Results: It was observed that the foliar application of zinc significantly influenced plant growth. Foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.25% at 15 and 45 DAP recorded maximum in plant height (54.23 cm), pseudostem girth (26.82 mm), number of leaves (9.86), leaf length (36.73 cm), lamina length (29.85 cm), petiole length (5.18 cm) and leaf breadth (15.77). On the other hand, foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 15 and 30 DAP increased the root length (42.33 cm), shoot fresh weight (177.64 g), shoot dry weight (56.39 g), and fresh root weight (26.15 g) and dry root weight (2.85 g). The maximum number of roots (25.46) was recorded on the foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% applied at 30 and 45 DAP.
 Conclusion: Application of zinc on banana plants shows better growth than the control and the application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5%applied at 15 and 30 DAP was observed with both moderate shoot and root growth.

High throughput online solid-phase extraction tandem mass spectrometry for immunosuppressive drugs determination in whole blood

High throughput mass spectrometry-based clinical assay technologies have emerged in response to the increase in the number of patients who require fast, accurate, and robust analysis methods. Typical runtimes for quantitation based on liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) are in the order of a few minutes per sample. The use of tandem mass spectrometry with online solid phase extraction (SPE-MS/MS) instead of chromatography columns can offer high-throughput determination without compromising sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. In this communication, we describe a newly developed fast, accurate, and robust method on the Agilent RapidFire-MS/MS System (RF-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of Sirolimus, Everolimus, Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine in whole blood. The commercial multilevel calibrator and quality control (from Chromsystems) were precipitated using a zinc sulfate and methanol mixture solution containing the deuterated internal standards. Precipitated samples were centrifuged and transferred to a 96-well plate for analysis. Immunosuppressive drugs analysis was performed online with C18 extraction small cartridge onto an Agilent RapidFire 400 and 6495 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer by MRM mode in positive electrospray ionization. Imprecision and accuracy were investigated analyzing 10 Asqualab External Quality Controls. We compared the results obtained with both techniques. The new method showed good linearity 2.35–24.90 μg/L for Sirolimus, 2–21.80 μg/L for Everolimus, 1.43–23.20 μg/L for Tacrolimus and 22–757 μg/L for Cyclosporine with an r 2 > 0.995. RF-MS/MS showed good intraday and interday precision (< 10%) for all immunosuppressive drugs. High accuracy was achieved with 10 samples from the Asqualab program (< 10%). No significant carryover was measured for any of the drug analytes and high endurance of the solid phase extraction cartridge (> 15,000 injections). The RapidFire – MS/MS system provided excellent agreement with our routine LC–MS/MS method. Its main advantage is the high throughput analysis of 13 s per sample, the low consumption of toxic organic solvents, and the high robustness. It could represent an alternative to LC–MS/MS instruments in therapeutic drug monitoring in human biological fluids.

Functional waveform pulse variable speed stirring to improve mechanistic analysis and experimental study on the purification efficiency of zinc sulfate solution

Abstract This paper builds a wireless precision control function waveform pulse variable speed stirring device with point-to-point data transmission between the host computer and the microcontroller, which uses a programmable STM32 microcontroller as the system controller, superimposed with a single closed-loop static differential-free speed control system and a pulse broadband modulation (PWM) system to control the DC brush motor driving the stirring paddle based on arbitrary waveform function variable speed stirring respectively. The effects of different pulse waveform stirring systems on the purification effect of Cadmium ions (Cd2+) from zinc sulfate solution were studied under the same pulse period and maximum speed. The experimental results show that when K P = 0.012 and T i = 100, the anti-disturbance of the motor during the variable speed stirring process can be effectively improved, and the speed adjustment time is short and robust; when the Cd2+ purification rate reaches 92%, the purification time of the variable sine function stirring system is shortened by about 40% compared with that of the uniform speed stirring system, and that of the variable trapezoidal function stirring system is shortened by about 33.3% compared with that of the uniform speed stirring system. When the reaction is finished, the Cd2+ concentration is reduced to 6 mg/L by the variable sinusoidal stirring system only, and the Cd2+ concentration is lower than 10 mg/L in a shorter time compared with the time required for cadmium removal in the actual industrial production line.

Effect of mode of Zinc application on yield and yield components of Maize

There are three main methods of adding micronutrients to crops: soil fertilization, foliar spray and seed treatment. Each method has the potential to affect plant micronutrient nutrition. The objective of this research was to evaluate different methods of Zn application in maize. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar during summer 2006. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Three methods of Zn application, soil application, foliar spray and seed treatment were included in the experiment. Three doses of Zinc sulphate (5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1) were supplied to the maize crop as soil application before sowing. Solutions of 0% (water), 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% Zinc sulphate were sprayed on the crop at 5-6 leaf stage. For seed priming, the maize seed was soaked in 0% (water), 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% Zinc sulphate solutions for 16 h. The control treatment was dry seeds of maize. Soil application of Zinc sulphate at the rate of 15 kg ha-1 resulted in higher grains cob-1, thousand grain weight and grain yield of maize. Planned mean comparison indicated that soil application of Zn was a superior fertilization method as compared to foliar or seed priming. It is concluded that soil application of Zinc sulphate at the rate of 15 kg ha-1 enhances yield and yield components of maize.