Zinc Ferrite Research Articles

Correction: Structural, cation distribution, mechanical, and optical properties of rare-earth doped cadmium zinc ferrites

Correction: Structural, cation distribution, mechanical, and optical properties of rare-earth doped cadmium zinc ferrites

The Reduction Reaction Behavior of Steelmaking Dusts with Lignin under Different Atmospheres.

This study investigated lignin as a reducing agent instead of fossil carbon for the reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite contained in steelmaking dusts. Three types of dusts from different steelmaking processes were considered: ferrochrome converter (CRC), electric arc furnace stainless steel (EAFSS) and electric arc furnace carbon steel (EAFCS). Zinc is primarily found in zincite phases within CRC dust, while EAFSS and EAFCS dusts contain franklinite and zincite phases as Zn-bearing minerals. The proximate analysis of lignin showed that the fixed carbon content is 28.9%. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used to study the reduction behavior of different mixtures of lignin and steel dusts under inert and air atmospheres. Simultaneously, the minimum ratio of lignin out of three different proportions required to achieve a complete reduction of franklinite and zincite phases into metallic zinc was identified. The results indicated that a 1.1 stoichiometric amount of lignin is sufficient for the complete reduction of zinc-bearing minerals into metallic zinc. In conclusion, lignin can be used efficiently for processing steelmaking dusts.

Features of the iron determination in dust emissions of gas purification of electrometallurgical production

Features of the iron determination in dust emissions of gas purification at electrometallurgical facilities are considered. The elemental and phase compositions of dust emissions were determined using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Sample preparation conditions were optimized with allowance for the analytical methods used. The phase composition of dust emissions represented mainly by zincite, zinc ferrite, halite and sylvite was preliminary determined by X-ray phase analysis. Model mixtures were prepared and used to construct calibration dependences taking into account the results of diffractometric studies. A technique for rapid x-ray fluorescence determination of iron in dust emissions of gas purification has been developed. The methods for iron determination tested on real samples of dust emissions of electrometallurgical production demonstrated a satisfactory convergence of the results obtained by EDXRF (Sr = 1.3%) and ICP-AES (Sr = 2.6%).

Numerical Approach of NiZnFe2O4 (Nickel–Zinc Ferrite) – Ethylene Glycol Magneto Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Shrinking Sheet with Chemical Reaction and Radiation

The objective of this study is to conduct a numerical examination of the influence of nonlinear chemical reaction and heat source or sink on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transmission nanofluid flow through a shrinking permeable surface. In addition, the investigation considers thermal radiation and the occurrence of viscous dissipation. Ethylene glycol (EG) is used as the primary fluid medium, whilst the nanoparticles consist of nickel–zinc ferrite. The use of nanofluid flow has garnered significant interest as a result of its potential applications across several sectors. Nanofluids possess a notable benefit in comparison to traditional fluids as a consequence of their enhanced heat transfer capabilities. This advantage may be ascribed to the inclusion of nanoparticles, which augment thermal conductivity and therefore lead to enhanced heat dissipation and efficiency. The mathematical flow model, which is formulated using nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), may be transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the application of suitable similarity conversions. In order to address the complexities of the nonlinear system, the bvp4c and shooting techniques are used inside the MATLAB program, a widely utilized commercial platform, to effectively solve the associated ODEs by numerical means. This study presents a graphical analysis of the effects of flow parameters on several variables of interest.

An Investigation of the antimicrobial applications of nanosized zinc ferrite synthesised by green route

An Investigation of the antimicrobial applications of nanosized zinc ferrite synthesised by green route

Autocombustion Route Derived Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Chemiresistive Sensor for Detection of Alcohol Vapors.

Prolonged exposure to alcohol vapors can have detrimental effects on human health, potentially leading to eye irritation, dizziness, and in some cases, damage to the nervous system. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on the synthesis and characterization of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles, as well as their interactions with a range of alcohol vapors, including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. These alcohols differ in their molecular weight, boiling points, diffusivity, and other properties. The study reveals the semiconducting ZnFe2O4 nanoparticulate sensor's capability for reversible, repeatable, and sensitive detection of alcohol vapors. The sensor exhibits the highest response to ethanol within operating temperature range (225-300 °C). An attempt is made to establish a correlation between the properties of the target analytes and the observed sensing signals. Additionally, the response conductance transients of ZnFe2O4 under the exposure to the studied alcohol vapors are modeled based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood adsorption mechanism. The characteristic time constants obtained from this modeling are justified with respect to the properties of the analytes.

Preparation and Characterization of Zinc Ferrite and Gadolinium Iron Garnet Composite for Biomagnetic Applications.

Cancer is a major worldwide public health problem. Although there have already been astonishing advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the scientific community continues to make huge efforts to develop new methods to treat cancer. The main objective of this work is to prepare, using a green sol-gel method with coconut water powder (CWP), a new nanocomposite with a mixture of Gd3Fe5O12 and ZnFe2O4, which has never been synthesized previously. Therefore, we carried out a structural (DTA-TG and X-ray diffraction), morphological (SEM), and magnetic (VSM and hyperthermia) characterization of the prepared samples. The prepared nanocomposite denoted a saturation magnetization of 11.56 emu/g at room temperature with a ferromagnetic behavior and with a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 0.5 ± 0.2 (W/g). Regarding cytotoxicity, for concentrations < 10 mg/mL, it does not appear to be toxic. Although the obtained results were interesting, the high particle size was identified as a problem for the use of this nanocomposite.

A new strategy for clean utilization of zinc oxide dust: Preparation of spinel zinc ferrite by solid phase reaction and its catalytic degradation of organic wastewater

The resource utilization of zinc oxide dust (ZOD) is mainly focused on the efficient recovery of zinc by acid leaching at present. Because of a large amount of iron in ZOD and zinc components existing in multi-phase, the problems of low zinc recovery and the separation of zinc and iron ions in the leaching solution are unavoidable. Considering the characteristics of ZOD and the advantages of spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) in the advanced oxidation degradation of organic wastewater, a new strategy for clean utilization of ZOD is proposed. The leaching efficiency of soluble zinc components in ZOD reached 96.7 % by selective dissolution with low concentration sulfuric acid solution, and the leaching solution without iron ions can be directly used for electrolytic zinc recovery. The insoluble components of zinc and iron in the leaching residue were converted into ZnFe2O4 by solid phase roasting. By adjusting the roasting temperature, time and molar ratio of Fe/Zn in roasting process, the proportion of zinc elements in the form of ZnFe2O4 reached 99.56 % and a single spinel zinc ferrite product was obtained. Zinc ferrite product activated by ball milling for 2 h (ZFO-2) showed very high catalytic activity in the treatment of organic wastewater by peroxonosulfate (PMS). In the presence of 1 mM PMS and 1 g/L ZFO-2 at 20 °C, the ZFO-2/PMS system achieved a removal rate of over 90 % within 40 min for wastewater containing RhB, MO and MG (10 mg/L). In addition, ZFO-2 is ferromagnetic and easily recovered by magnetic separation. The new strategy proposed in this paper takes into account the efficient recovery of soluble zinc components and the cooperative high-value utilization of insoluble components of zinc and iron in ZOD, which is a comprehensive utilization method with more sustainable resource allocation.

Recovery and enrichment of valuable metals from zinc oxide dust and mitigation of toxicity based on tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide

Considering the lack of some valuable metal resources and the toxicity of zinc oxide dust. In this study, firstly, sulfuric acid and tartaric acid were used as solvents to dissolve zinc, germanium, indium, and tin or produce soluble complex dissolution under the action of ultrasonic wave. In addition, the introduction of tartaric acid can not only effectively decompose zinc ferrite, release germanium and indium in its lattice, but also reduce Fe3+ (Ferri ion, Ⅲ) and overcome the defects of Fe3+ hydrolysis-coprecipitation. Then, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used to promote the dissolution of metal sulfides, thereby improving the comprehensive recovery rate of metals. The study demonstrates that the final recovery rate of metals was 97.44 %, 97.01 %, 91.26 %, and 90.86 %, respectively, and the slag rate was 30.36 % under optimal conditions. The grade of lead and argentum in the residue were increased to 50.68 % and 691.63 g·t−1. During the reaction, about 50 % of arsenic and 95 % of cadmium entered the solution and were removed. Compared with the enterprise, this process shortens the total leaching time to 90 min, greatly reduces the amount of sulfuric acid, significantly improves the recovery rate of valuable metals, and reduces the toxicity of slag.

Numerical study of Carreau fuzzy nanofluid across a stretching cylinder using a modified version of Buongiorno's nanofluid model

The principal intention of the currently analysis is to investigate the impacts of the naturally convective nanofluid using a model of Carreau fluid with engine oil (CnH2n+2)as the base fluid and Manganese Zinc Ferrite (MnZnFe2O4)as the nanoparticle, the fluid flowing through a stretched cylinder in a fuzzy ambient. It examines the impact of assorted parameters, Weissenberg number(We), Prandtl numeral(Pr), Schmidt numeral (Sc), and curvature (k)with magnetic field(B) and nanoparticle parameter, in order to manipulate an analogous conversion, the regulating equations of velocity, energy, and concentration profiles permute from a set of partial differential equations stand to ordinary differential equations. The present analysis focuses on the no slip assumption, which gives rise to a nonlinear Dirichlet boundary condition in axial velocity. The bvp5c approach was utilized to solve the resulting series of equations by the MATLAB. This is a highly effective approach with minimal computing expenditure. The volume quantity of nanoparticles in MnZnFe2O4 is considered an uncertain parameter respect to TFNs (triangular fuzzy numbers) ranging [0, 0.5, 0.1]. Triangular membership function (TMF) is used to study the uncertainty variability while α − cut controls the TFNs. Fuzzy linear regression analysis makes use of TFNs to determine the middle (crisp), left, and right values of the fuzzy velocity profile. In comparison to the crisp velocity profile (mid value), the study's result and the fuzzy velocity profile have the maximum rate of flow. Tables and graphs are used to illustrate the outputs.

Combined effect of gallic acid and zinc ferrite nanoparticles on wheat growth and yield under salinity stress

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That’s why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.

Decomposition of zinc ferrite-based solid waste by reductive leaching: Leaching kinetics and mechanism

Zinc ferrite-based solid waste is a vital zinc and iron secondary source in view of the numerous zinc ferrite will be ineluctably produced and enters into slags or residues during zinc smelting process. In this study, a reductive leaching process with zinc sulfide powder was employed to decompose zinc ferrite from solid waste. The leaching efficiency of zinc and iron can reach 90.27 % and 81.96 %, respectively, while the process went to the 90th min at 90 ℃ under the conditions: sulfuric acid concentration of 500 g/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL g−1, mass ratio of silver flotation tailings to zinc sulfide of 5/1, silver flotation tailings particle size of + 180–250 μm, rotary speed of 400 rpm. Then, this leaching process confirmed to shrinking core model and was conducted by surface chemical reaction after kinetics and thermodynamics investigations. Ultimately, according to various tested data, the corresponding reaction mechanism was speculated as: Fe3+ was reduced to Fe2+ by zinc sulfide and hydrogen sulfide which was the product of zinc sulfide with H+, resulting in potential reduction and H+ activity elevation, accelerating zinc dissolution eventually. Meanwhile, almost all zinc sulfide and hydrogen sulfide were oxidized to monomorphic sulfur by Fe3+ where the utilization ratio of zinc sulfide was 97.28 %.

Preparation and evaluation of S-rGO/ZnFe2O4/NiCoLDH nanocomposite electrocatalyst in oxygen reduction reaction

This study introduces a novel combination of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (S-rGO), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCoLDH) as an efficient and low-cost electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for the first time. The hydrothermal method is used to synthesize all samples including graphene oxide (GO), S-rGO, NiCoLDH, ZnFe2O4 and S-rGO/ZnFe2O4/NiCoLDH hybrids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), electrochemical surface area (ECSA), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis are used to determine the structure of synthesized electrocatalysts, physical properties, and morphology. The electrochemical measurements are carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (ChA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results for all samples are compared with the Pt/C commercial catalyst. According to the electrochemical results, the S-rGO/ZnFe2O4/NiCoLDH electrocatalyst has the best electrochemical performance. Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibited better electrocatalysis, a high diffusion limiting current density of −5.4 mA cm−2 and an onset potential of 0.03 V. Based on the results of this study, the LDH enhances electrical conductivity, electrocatalytic activity, active surface area, and stability of the catalyst for ORR after combining with carbon bases and ferrite.

Microwave-assisted Morinda citrifolia L leaves extract mediated synthesis, magnetic and antimicrobial studies of pure and calcium substituted zinc ferrite

In this study, ZnFe2O4 and calcium-substituted Zn1-xCaxFe2O4 (x = 0.2, Ca2-ZF & x = 0.4, Ca4-ZF) are synthesized using Morinda citrifolia L. leaves extract via the microwave method, and calcined at 800 °C for 4 h to enhance the crystallinity. The purity and structural features of the ferrites were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques confirming single phase formation and functional groups. Morphology and elemental presence were examined using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) that exhibit polyhedral morphology of the particles and confirm elemental composition. The bandgap of Zn1-xCaxFe2O4 determined using the Kubelka method from UV-DRS data, is found to increase as calcium concentration and is in the range 1.73–1.91 eV. Room-temperature VSM studies showed a transition from superparamagnetic behavior to soft ferromagnetic behavior upon Ca substitution. Zn0.6Ca0.4Fe2O4 (Ca4-ZF) composition exhibits maximum saturation magnetization, remnant magnetization and coercivity of 196 x10−3emu/g, 0.411 x10−3emu/g, and 0.091 Oe, respectively, making it suitable for biomedical applications such as cell separation, detection, and gene delivery support. The antibacterial and antifungal studies demonstrate better inhibition for ZF than for Cax-ZF compounds. The pure ZF shows a maximum zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtitles bacteria and Candida albicans fungus of 23.7 mm/250 μg/mL and 28.1 mm/250 μg/mL, respectively.

Optimisation of hybrid process to recover zinc from electric arc furnace dust using design of experiment approach

ABSTRACT Recoverable metals like zinc and iron are present in the dust from electric arc furnaces (EAF), a byproduct of the steelmaking process. These metals are mainly present as zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and zinc oxide (ZnO) compounds. ZnO is easily dissolved in either an acidic or an alkaline solution; however, ZnFe2O4 is more difficult to dissolve. Therefore, our earlier paper suggested the thermodynamic analysis of a preliminary caustic-roasting treatment to transform the ZnFe2O4 from EAF dust into more soluble products of ZnO and NaFeO2. Finally, the present study carried out a hybrid process that involved the caustic roasting of EAF dust and a caustic leaching of the roasted product. At first, the effects of caustic-roasting process parameters on zinc-ferrite conversion were studied using the Taguchi method. The implication of Design of Experiment (DoE)-Taguchi analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows the optimum caustic-roasting conditions are: roasting temperature of 350 oC, NaOH/ EAF dust molar ratio of 4, and roasting time of 60 minutes. The effect of temperature, reaction time, NaOH concentration, and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio was also examined using the same method in the subsequent caustic-leaching process. Similarly, the analysis shows that maximum Zn dissolution is possible at a NaOH concentration of 6M, a leaching temperature of 40 oC, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 60 ml/g, and a leaching time of 60 minutes. After the hybrid process, the zinc recovery was 83%, while most iron oxides remained in the leach residue.

Impedance and Interface States Depending on Frequency Analysis of Al/(ZnFe2O4-PVA)/p-Si Structures

This study investigates the properties of a film made of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The film is sandwiched between an aluminum (Al) and p-Si semiconductor layers, and electrical measurements are conducted on the structure in a wide scope of frequency besides voltage. The study evaluates the impacts of the ZnFe2O4-PVA interlayer on surface-states (NSS), and complex-impedance (Z* = Z' - jZ''). A remarkable impact of the values of series resistance (RS) and the interlayer on the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) data has been observed at moderate and high frequencies. Hence, the C and G/ω versus V qualities were modified at high frequency to eliminate the outcome of RS. The Hill-Coleman approach was utilized to estimate the values for NSS. Experimental results confirm that both the NSS , RS and the interlayer in the metal-polymer-semiconductor (MPS) structures are critical factors that significantly alter the electrical and dielectric properties. The analysis of the results obtained from the impedance study showed divergent behavior. It was observed that the impedance values increase in the low frequency, while they diminish in the higher frequencies, as a result of the mutual effect between the interface and the dipole polarization. The study suggests that due to its high dielectric value, the ZnFe2O4-PVA interlayer may be a better alternative to conventional insulators for charge/energy storage.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of spinel structured transition metal ferrites supported on reduced graphene oxide against pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.

One of the global challenges for living things is to provide pollution and harmful microbes-free environment. In this study, magnetically retrievable spinel-structured manganese zinc ferrite (Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) (MZF) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Further, the MZF with different weight percentages (10 wt%, 50 wt%, and 80 wt%) were supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The phase purity and morphology of MZF and MZF/rGO nanocomposite were confirmed by x-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses of the as-synthesized nanocomposites were examined for the detection of various chemical groups, band gap, and thermal properties, respectively. The MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity againstEggerthella lenta, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,andCandida albicanscompared to bare MZF and rGO. The high surface area of rGO plays a crucible role in antimicrobial analysis. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal activity is compared by synthesizing various metal ferrites such as MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Fe3O4. The 50 wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibits significantly high antibacterial activity. However, 10 wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite shows good antifungal activity than Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, MnZnFe2O4, 50 wt%, and 80 wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposites. These findings suggest that the prepared ferrite nanocomposites hold promise for microbial inhibition.

Graphene Quantum Dots as Hole Extraction and Transfer Layer Empowering Solar Water Splitting of Catalyst-Coupled Zinc Ferrite Nanorods.

Despite the narrow band gap energy, the performance of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) as a photoharvester for solar-driven water splitting is significantly hindered due to its sluggish charge transfer and severe charge recombination. This work reports the fabrication of a hybrid nanostructured hydrogenated ZnFe2O4 (ZFO) photoanode with enhanced photoelectrochemical water-oxidation activity through coupling N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a hole transfer layer and Co-Pi as a catalyst. The GQDs not only reduce the surface-mediated nonradiative electron-hole pair recombination but also induce a built-in interfacial electric field leading to a favorable band alignment at the ZFO/GQDs interface, helping rapid photogenerated hole separation and serving as a conducting hole transfer highway, improve the hole transportation into the Co-Pi catalyst for enhanced water oxidation reaction kinetics. The optimized ZFO/GQD/Co-Pi hybrid photoanode delivers a 23-fold photocurrent enhancement at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a significant 360 mV reduction in the onset potential, reaching 0.65 VRHE compared with the ZFO photoanode under 1 sun illumination in a neutral electrolytic environment. This investigation underscores the mechanism of synergistic interplay between the hole transport layer and cocatalyst in boosting the solar-illuminated water-splitting activity of the ZFO photoanode.

Impact of LaZnFe2O4 supported NiWO4@D400-MMT@CMS/MMA nanocomposites as a catalytic system in remediation of dyes from wastewater

Herein, a novel nanocomposite based on lanthanum zinc ferrite and nickel tungstate was created by incorporation between (MMT-jeffamine-400) nanoparticles (NPs), chloromethyl styrene as a binder and polymethyl methacrylate monomer using solution polymerization. The as-designed nanocomposites were employed to confiscate xylenol orange “X.O” as an acidic dye and rhodamine B “RhB” as “an amphoteric dye” from colored wastewater. The impact of several parameters such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, the effect of time, and the effect of temperature was explored. The consequences indicated that the pure organoclay had negligible adsorption while that composed of organoclay with PMMA@CMS-polymer incorporated with LaZnFe2O4@NiWO4 particles detached more than 90% for xylenol orange (XO) and 93% for “rhodamine B” molecules. Electrostatic interactions are the predominant factor in the adsorption of cationic and amphoteric adsorbates, as proven by zeta-potential measurement. Additionally, the adsorbent may be regenerate and utilized up to five times with good adsorption capabilities by adding sodium hydroxide. As a result, the removal can be effectively accomplished using the nanocomposite as an adsorbent. The actual and theoretical adsorption capacity values for both dyes at all doses were closely matched, which supported the adsorption kinetics data that fit the pseudo-first order rate model well. The adsorption data’s correlation values (0.995 for XO and 0.98 for RhB) indicated that both dyes’ Langmuir adsorption would perform well. Furthermore, the adsorption of XO and RhB dyes on the adsorbent is confirmed to be a viable reaction by the negative values of ΔGo. The enhanced adsorbent material for the removal of amphoteric and anionic dyes from waste water is the synthesized LaZnFe2O4 supported NiWO4@D400-MMT@CMS/MMA nanocomposites, which exhibits a reusability affinity of up to five cycles.

Evaluation of Pigment-Modified Clear Binders and Asphalts: An Approach towards Sustainable, Heat Harvesting, and Non-Black Pavements

Pavement construction practices have evolved due to increasing environmental impact and urban heat island (UHI) effects, as pavements, covering over 30% of urban areas, contribute to elevated air temperatures. This study introduces heat-reflective pavements, by replacing conventional black bitumen with a clear binder and pigment-modified clear binders. Titanium dioxide white, zinc ferrite yellow, and iron oxide red pigments are used to give asphalt corresponding shades. The asphalt and bitumen specimens were subjected to thermal analysis in heat sinks, under varying solar fluxes. The pigment dosage was maintained at 4%, according to the weight of the total mix, for all pigment types. The samples were heated and cooled for 3 h and 2 h, respectively. Mechanical testing was conducted to ascertain the impact of temperature variations on both the neat clear binder (C.B) and pigmented C.B and asphalt mixture samples. Wheel tracking and dynamic modulus tests were conducted to evaluate their performance under high temperatures. The results indicate that non-black asphalt mixtures exhibit significant temperature reductions, up to 9 °C, which are further enhanced by pigmented binders, up to 11 °C. It was found that asphalt with a clear or transparent binder demonstrated lower temperatures and faster heat dissipation in extreme conditions. Moreover, C.B asphalt mixtures displayed a rut resistance of 15%, with the pigmented C.B asphalt mixture showing a remarkable rut resistance of 73%, outperforming conventional asphalt. Non-black mixtures, especially C.B + zinc ferrite, showed improved resistance to permanent deformation in dynamic modulus tests.