Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Multifunctional ferrite nanoparticles prepared from non-standard precursors: Structural, morphological, and magnetic study

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by the molten salt process from non-standard precursors. Detailed investigations on the structural and magnetic properties of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles are presented. The XRD measurements illustrate and explain the effect of the annealing time, annealing temperature, and weight ratio of the salt on the formation and purity of the spinel phase (Fd3m) of the investigated zinc ferrite nanoparticles. FTIR spectra show the two characteristic absorption bands of normal spinel ZnFe2O4. TEM images reveal nanoparticles with a uniform shape, and the obtained average particle size is about 60 nm. EDS analysis confirms the purity of the zinc ferrite and the MPMS magnetic measurements illustrate paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic behaviors of zinc ferrite at low and room temperature, respectively. In the present work, the zinc ferrite prepared from non-standard reagents is a low-cost multifunctional nanomaterial and very competitive in many applications as sensing and data storage technology.

Emerging Trends in Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Environmental Applications.

Over the last fewdecades, the application of nanoparticles (NPs) gained immenseattention towardsenvironmental and biomedical applications. NPs are ultra-small particles having size ranges from 1 to 100nm. NPs loaded with therapeutic or imaging compounds have proved a versatile approach towards healthcare improvements. Among various inorganic NPs, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) NPs are considered asnon-toxic and having animproved drug delivery characteristics. Several studies have reported broader applications of ZnFe2O4 NPs for treating carcinoma and various infectious diseases. Additionally, these NPs are beneficial for reducing organic and inorganic environmental pollutants. This review discussesaboutvarious methods to fabricate ZnFe2O4 NPs and their physicochemical properties. Further, their biomedical and environmental applications have also been exploredcomprehensively.

Engineered Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was utilized to functionalize the surface of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the hydrothermal process in order to prevent aggregation and improve the biocompatibility of the NPs for the proposed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent. Various spectroscopy techniques were used to examine the NPs' structure, size, morphology, and magnetic properties. The NPs had a cubic spinel structure with an average size of 8 nm. The formations of the spinel ferrite and the PEG coating band at the ranges of 300-600 and 800-2000 cm-1, respectively, were validated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The NPs were spherical in shape, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy with mapping confirmed the presence of zinc, iron, and oxygen in the samples. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed an average size of 14 nm and increased stability after PEG coating. The decrease in zeta potential from -24.5 to -36.5 mV confirmed the PEG coating on the surface of the NPs. A high saturation magnetization of ∼50 emu/g, measured by vibration sample magnetometer, indicated the magnetic potential of NPs for biomedical applications. An MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity and viability of human normal skin cells (HSF 1184) exposed to zinc ferrite and PEG@Zn ferrite NPs at various concentrations. After 24 h of treatment, negligible cytotoxicity of PEG-coated NPs was observed at high concentrations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that PEG@Zn ferrite NPs are a unique and perfectly suited contrast agent for T2-weighted MRI and can successfully enhance the image contrast.

Electrically conducting mixed convective flow of a hybrid nanoliquid over a rotating sphere with nonlinear thermal radiation

Hybrid nanofluids have specific features that make them suitable for various industrial and engineering applications. The engineering and industrial applications of hybrid nanofluids are refrigeration, air conditioning, drug delivery, cancer therapy, electronic cooling, gearboxes, power plants, engines, bearings, air pollution control, solar thermal collectors, and water treatment. The existing model is presented for the theoretical examination of the hybrid nanofluid flow at the stagnant point of a gyrating sphere. With applications of the quadratic Rosseland thermal radiation, the variations in quadratic density temperature is scrutinized. In this analysis, two different nanoparticles such as silver Ag and manganese zinc ferrite MnZnFe2O4 nanoparticles have mixed with kerosene oil. The main equations of the existing problem are framed by using the concepts of boundary layer theory. On the basis of this theory, the nonlinear PDEs are used in the formulation of the existing problem. HAM technique is used for evaluation of current flow problem. Some significant findings of the current model are that the heat transmission intensifies for upsurge in radiation factor and nanoparticles volume fractions. Also, it is found that the velocity distribution decreases for rise in the positive constant. Further, it has discovered that thermal distribution is higher for growth in radiation factor and temperature ratio factor.

Temperature and frequency-dependent electrical transport studies of manganese-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles

Manganese substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Zn1-xMnxFe2O4, x ≤ 10%) have been successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation technique. The x-ray diffraction technique was employed to determine the structure of nano-ferrites at room temperature. SEM, EDX, and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to establish surface morphologies, elemental composition, and phase formation. Impedance spectral analysis was carried out at various temperature ranges varying from 600 K to 870 K in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 MHz. The dielectric parameter measurements were used to compute the types of conduction in the synthesized samples. The significance of the distribution of cations between A and B sites was analyzed using frequency and temperature-dependent ac electrical transport studies of the synthesized nanoparticles. The conduction mechanism, overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) was found in Zn1-xMnxFe2O4 nano-ferrite system.

Vitamin k3-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Synergistic Magnetothermodynamic Therapy Evokes Massive ROS and Immune Modulation for Augmented Antitumor Potential.

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) causes tumor regression via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, less therapeutic efficacy has been reported due to the generation of low levels of ROS in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, improved treatments are required to generate relatively high levels of ROS to promote irreversible oxidative damage to the tumor cells. Herein, we report a magnetothermodynamic (MTD) therapy, as a robust and versatile approach for cancer treatment, by combining the magnetothermodynamic-related ROS and heat-related immunological effect in order to overcome the aforementioned obstacle. The synergistic therapy was achieved by the development of vitamin k3 (Vk3)-loaded copper zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Vk3@Si@CuZnIONPs) as an efficient MTD agent. The in vitro results unveiled that enhanced ROS production under the influence of AMF is a predominant aspect in yielding an assertive anticancer response. The in vivo antitumor response was assessed in an ectopic tumor model of A549 lung adenocarcinoma by MTD. The tumor inhibition rate of 69% was achieved within 20 days of MTD treatment, exhibiting complete tumor eradication within 30 days. The validation of antitumor response was marked by severe apoptosis (TUNEL, Caspase-3) in the Vk3@Si@CuZnIONPs + AMF-treated group. The higher expression level of heat shock proteins and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β) was speculated to play a role in the activation of immune response for faster tumor regression in the MTD-treated group. Therefore, by implementing a dual ROS and heat-mediated immunogenic effect, the antitumor efficiency of future cancer magnetotherapies will be greatly enhanced.

Analysis of Kerosene oil conveying silver and Manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles with hybrid Nanofluid: Effects of increasing the Lorentz Force, Suction, and volume fraction

The current study aims to explore the magnetic field on a spinning disk with the hybrid nanofluid flow and Cattaneo-Christov heat theory in the existence of nonlinear thermal radiation incorporating Ag and MnZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Because silver may increase the thermal characteristics of the base material, it has a wide variety of industrial, pharmaceutical, power generation, and heating and cooling applications. The thermal properties of a hybrid nanofluid were to be found by exploring the aspect of nanomaterials on heat transfer and fluid flow. The principal partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity treatments. With the aid of the shooting strategy, higher-order ordinary differential equations are converted to first-order ordinary differential equations. To present the numerical data and graphical results of the flow parameters, the built-in solver Bvp4c in the computational tool MATLAB is used. Several plots are also used to investigate the upshot of physical parameters on the graphically depicted profiles, such as the suction and injection parameter, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, temperature ratio parameter, thermal radiation parameter, thermal relaxation parameter, and volume friction nanoparticles. For the magnetic parameter, both velocity profiles dropped, but the heat profile increased. When the temperature ratio and heat source-sink parameters were increased while the Prandtl number was decreased, the heat field increased.

Investigation of Optical and Electrical Property of Polyaniline-Zinc Ferrite Nanocomposites

Zinc Ferrite nanoparticles are synthesised by solution combustion method with urea as fuel. The prepared ferrite nanoparticles are added to the Polyaniline polymer during chemical oxidative polymerization to get Polyaniline-Zinc ferrite nanocomposites in different weight ratios(10%, 30% and 50%).XRD confirms the formation of the nanocomposite as the XRD spectrum of the composite has Characteristic sharp peaks of zinc ferrite and the characteristic broad peak of Polyaniline. From the UV-Vis absorption data, the optical direct band gap is estimated with the help of Tauc plot and the obtained optical band gaps are found to decrease as the content of Zinc ferrite inpolyaniline composites increases. DC conductivity increases as the percentage of zinc ferrite increases in the polyaniline matrix.

Synthesizing nanoparticles of zinc and copper ferrites and examining their potential to remove various organic dyes through comparative studies of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics

Nanoparticles of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) and copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) were synthesized, and characterized, and these materials were applied for removal of organic dyes of alizarin yellow R (AYR), thiazole yellow G (TYG), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO) from industrial wastewater through adsorption technique. Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 was achieved through chemical co-precipitation method. These nanomaterials were characterized for physicochemical properties using XRD, FTIR, BET, VSM, DLS, Zeta-potential, and FESEM-EDX analytical instruments. BET surface areas of ZnFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 were 85.88 m2/g and 41.81 m2/g, respectively. Adsorption-influencing parameters including effect of solution pH, adsorbent quantity, initial concentration of dye pollutant, and contact time were examined. Acidic medium of the solution favored higher percentage of removal of dyes in wastewater. Out of different isotherms, Langmuir equilibrium isotherm showed the best fit with experimental data, indicating monolayer adsorption in the treatment process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found as 54.58, 37.01, 29.81, and 26.83mg/g with ZnFe2O4, and 46.38, 30.06, 21.94, and 20.83mg/g with CuFe2O4 for AYR, TYG, CR, and MO dyes, respectively. From kinetics analysis of the results, it was inferred that pseudo-second-order kinetics were fitting well with better values of coefficient of determination (R2). The removal of four organic dyes from wastewater through adsorption technique using nanoparticles of ZnFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 was observed to be spontaneous and exothermic. From this experimental investigation, it has been inferred that magnetically separable ZnFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 could be a viable option in removal of organic dyes from industrial wastewater.

Microstructural analysis, magnetic interactions, and electrical transport studies of [formula omitted] nanoparticles

This study focuses on the synthesis, structural characterization, magnetic interactions, and electrical transport properties of copper-doped zinc ferrite (Zn1−xCuxFe2O4) nanoparticles with varying Cu concentrations (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10) using the co-precipitation method. The structural and morphological properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), through TEM, while the BET technique was employed to determine the surface area, pore size, and specific surface area. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to exhibit a cubic spinel structure with lattice parameters decreasing as Cu content increased. The photoluminescence spectra indicated emission energies and wavelengths in the green region of the visible spectrum. The magnetic properties were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), revealing that Cu+2 doping resulted in the highest saturation magnetization (16.47 emu/g) by using an applied up to 50 kOe. The electrical properties were studied in the frequency range from 25 Hz to 2 MHz as a function of temperature ranging from 300 K to 480 K with an increment of 20 K. The electrical conductivity of the nanoparticles was found to increase with temperature and Cu content which is attributed to the thermally activated mechanism and predominantly dominated by overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT). The activation energy obtained from DC conductivities decreased order 0.63–0.48 eV for the synthesized nanoparticles. The temperature-dependent drift mobility exhibited p-type semiconducting behavior. Overall, the results suggest that Zn1−xCuxFe2O4 NPs have the potential for use in various applications, including sensors, energy storage, and catalysis.

Enhanced Thermal Diffusivity and Photocatalytic Dye Degradation Capability of Zinc Ferrite/Silver/Silver Chloride Nanocomposites

Herein, we report for the first time the thermal diffusivity of zinc ferrite/ silver/ silver chloride nanocomposite with a four-fold enhancement in comparison with the base fluid. A systematic analysis of the dependence of calcination temperature and synthesis routes on the crystallinity of nanocomposites of zinc ferrite with silver and silver chloride suiting it for diverse applications was done. Synthesized via the co-precipitation method, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray, Vibration sample magnetometer, ultraviolet-visible Diffusive Reflective spectroscopy and Photoluminescence studies. A zeta potential of -31.1mV was obtained for the sample showing good colloidal stability. The thermal diffusivity of the samples as nanofluids was analyzed using the dual beam thermal lens method. The study also envisages the magnetically retrievable and visible light-active nature of the synthesized samples indicating their suitability for photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes. The work on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue stands out in attaining rapid, efficient dye degradation of 98% within 90 minutes of sunlight exposure in comparison with unblended zinc ferrite nanoparticles even without any oxidizing agent.

Synthesis and characterization of Ni2+ and Al3+ doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer (MCF-7) analysis

In the present study ZnFe2O4 (ZFO), AlxZn1-xFe2O4 (ZAFO), and NixZn1-xFe2O4 (ZNFO) at (x = 0.05,0.08) NPs were synthesized to develop nanomedicines with potent anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The results showed that synthesized NPs have better antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli. In the cell line of L929 fibroblasts analysis, the LC50 value of ZAFO (0.05) and ZNFO (0.05) NPs in normal cells was almost greater than 3 times and 4 times higher than that in MCF-7 cell lines respectively. Exposure to ZAFO NPs for 24 h decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an LC50 value found to be 18.32 µg/ml. The results found that ZAFO (0.05) treatment induces significant production of ROS and the fluorescence intensity values of control and ZAFO (0.05) were 470.78 and 9938.58 respectively. In DPPH radical scavenging assay for ZFO, the IC50 value was 23.87 µg/ml, which is less than standard Ascorbic Acid (38.4205 µg/ml).

Raman spectroscopy in pure and doped zinc ferrites nanoparticles

Raman spectroscopy was applied on nanostructured ZnFe2O4 system in order to correlate its structural, chemical, and vibrational properties to the functional behaviour, in view of the high sensitivity of the Raman probe to the cationic order in iron oxides. In particular we investigated pure and Ga/Mg doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesised by co-precipitation route by means of Raman spectroscopy with a particular focus on the correlation between their structural and magnetic properties. We firstly studied the homogeneity of the samples at the micrometer scale and their stability under laser irradiation disregarding the presence of spurious iron oxides in favour of a highly defective external shell of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was corroborated by varying the incident laser wavelength therefore changing the investigated volume. Furthermore, we estimated the inversion degree of the spinel structure finding good agreements with the trend of the magnetic features. All the evidence found through Raman spectroscopy are supported by the results obtained with X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and SQUID magnetometry.

Synergetic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis by zinc ferrite-anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet for the removal of ciprofloxacin under visible light irradiation

Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CIP) belongs to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic family. It is mostly used for the treatment of bacterial infections and highly recalcitrant to naturally decompose. The nanocomposite was successfully constructed by zinc ferrite nanoparticle anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (ZFNP–CNNS). The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZFNP–CNNS nanocomposite were investigated. Moreover, the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ZFNP–CNNS nanocomposite was a result of the synergetic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis. The adsorption study showed that the ZFNP–CNNS nanocomposite has heterogeneous active sites with multilayers and the maximum CIP adsorption capacity was 15.49 mg g−1. However, the photodegradation efficacy of CIP reached up to five times compared to that of pristine CNNS. The high adsorption–photocatalytic synergetic effect of the ZFNP–CNNS nanocomposite has great application in wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles in Medical-Grade Silicone for MRI Applications.

The aim of this project is to fabricate hydrogen-rich silicone doped with magnetic nanoparticles for use as a temperature change indicator in magnetic resonance imaging-guided (MRIg) thermal ablations. To avoid clustering, the particles of mixed MnZn ferrite were synthesized directly in a medical-grade silicone polymer solution. The particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (20 °C to 60 °C, at 3.0 T), and magnetic resonance imaging (at 3.0 T). Synthesized nanoparticles were the size of 4.4 nm ± 2.1 nm and exhibited superparamagnetic behavior. Bulk silicone material showed a good shape stability within the study's temperature range. Embedded nanoparticles did not influence spin-lattice relaxation, but they shorten the longer component of spin-spin nuclear relaxation times of silicone's protons. However, these protons exhibited an extremely high r2* relaxivity (above 1200 L s-1 mmol-1) due to the presence of particles, with a moderate decrease in the magnetization with temperature. With an increased temperature decrease of r2*, this ferro-silicone can be potentially used as a temperature indicator in high-temperature MRIg ablations (40 °C to 60 °C).

Synthesis of zinc ferrite nanoparticles and evaluation of their antifungal properties at different temperatures

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method where Polyethylene Glycol act as the capping agent. The sample structure and morphology of the product were analysed by powder XRD, FTIR, U-V visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The prepared NPs were annealed at varying temperatures such as 500℃, 600℃ and 700℃. The XRD data confirms the presence of nanosized ZnFeO particles and the X-ray density of the sample and their particle size increases linearly along with the increase in annealing temperature, but the lattice parameter changes inversely. The FTIR data also provide information about nanosized zinc ferrite particles. The surface characteristics of ZnFeO were observed by FESEM. The anti-fungal properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles were also evaluated.

Voltammetric determination of vitamin B6 in the presence of vitamin C based on zinc ferrite nano-particles modified screen-printed graphite electrode.

The zinc ferrite nano-particles (ZnFe2O4) modified screen-printed graphite electrode (ZnFe2O4/SPGE) was used for the voltammetric determination of vitamin B6 in real samples, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It has been found that the oxidation of vitamin B6 at the surface of such an electrode occurs at a potential about 150 mV less positive compared to an unmodified screen-printed graphite electrode. After optimization, a vitamin B6 sensor with a linear range from 0.8 to 585.0 μM and a detection limit of 0.17 μM. The ZnFe2O4/SPGE sensor exhibits good resolution between the voltammetric peaks of vitamin B6 and vitamin C, making it suitable for detecting vitamin B6 in the presence of vitamin C in real samples.

High-frequency dielectric response of 3d metal (Mn and Cu) doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for microwave applications

High-frequency dielectric response of 3d metal (Mn and Cu) doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles for microwave applications

Application of a novel biological-nanoparticle pretreatment to Oscillatoria acuminata biomass and coculture dark fermentation for improving hydrogen production

BackgroundEnergy is the basis and assurance for a world's stable development; however, as traditional non-renewable energy sources deplete, the development and study of renewable clean energy have emerged. Using microalgae as a carbon source for anaerobic bacteria to generate biohydrogen is a clean energy generation system that both local and global peers see as promising.ResultsKlebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, and their coculture were used to synthesize biohydrogen using Oscillatoria acuminata biomass via dark fermentation. The total carbohydrate content in O. acuminata was 237.39 mg/L. To enhance the content of fermentable reducing sugars, thermochemical, biological, and biological with magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs) pretreatments were applied. Crude hydrolytic enzymes extracted from Trichoderma harzianum of biological pretreatment were enhanced by Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and significantly increased reducing sugars (230.48 mg/g) four times than thermochemical pretreatment (45.34 mg/g). K. pneumonia demonstrated a greater accumulated hydrogen level (1022 mLH2/L) than E. cloacae (813 mLH2/L), while their coculture showed superior results (1520 mLH2/L) and shortened the production time to 48 h instead of 72 h in single culture pretreatments. Biological pretreatment + Mg-Zn Fe2O4 NPs using coculture significantly stimulated hydrogen yield (3254 mLH2/L), hydrogen efficiency)216.9 mL H2/g reducing sugar( and hydrogen production rate (67.7 mL/L/h) to the maximum among all pretreatments.ConclusionThese results confirm the effectiveness of biological treatments + Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and coculture dark fermentation in upregulating biohydrogen production.

Action of vanillin-spiked zinc ferrite nanoparticles against cadmium-induced liver damage: Computational insights with AKT 1, BCl-2 and TLR 8 proteins

Action of vanillin-spiked zinc ferrite nanoparticles against cadmium-induced liver damage: Computational insights with AKT 1, BCl-2 and TLR 8 proteins