Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Research Articles

Silver-Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles: Trigger ROS-Dependent Apoptosis and Inhibit Migration in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

This study describes the fabrication of nanostructured silver-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.0 and 0.05) using a chemical co-precipitation method. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was performed to investigate the surface characteristics and particle size of the pure and Ag-doped nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of a single-phase cubic structure for the zinc ferrite nanoparticles. The anti-cancer potential of the nanoparticles was evaluated using the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The results showed that (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.05) nanoparticles with x = 0.05 exhibited significant cytotoxicity. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, these nanoparticles reduced cell viability to 26.27%, with a calculated LC50 value (concentration lethal to 50% of cells) of 41.30 µg/mL after 24 hours of treatment. Notably, the LC50 value for (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.05) nanoparticles in normal L929 fibroblast cells was over four times higher compared to MCF-7 cancer cells, indicating a degree of selectivity for cancer cells. Further investigation revealed that (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.05) treatment significantly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cancer cells. This was confirmed by fluorescence intensity measurements, which showed a substantial increase from 1260.61 (control) to 15600 for cells treated with (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.05) nanoparticles. This included flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis (programmed cell death), migration assays to evaluate metastasis potential, measurement of antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and catalase) to understand the impact on the cellular antioxidant system, indirect ELISA to detect caspase activity (a marker of apoptosis), cell cycle analysis, and finally, real-time PCR analysis to determine the mRNA expression of p53, a tumor suppressor gene. The apoptosis assay confirmed a significant increase in apoptotic cells upon treatment with (AgxZn1-xFe2O4, where x = 0.05) nanoparticles. This activity is likely mediated by the generation of ROS and subsequent oxidative stress within the cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of these nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

Cutaneous Wound Healing Activity of Quercetin Functionalized Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is reported to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, which further aids in its good wound healing properties via acting on acute as well as chronic inflammatory phases. The current study is focused on understanding the potential of the green synthesized iron and zinc oxide bimetallic (i.e., zinc ferrite) nanoparticles of quercetin (ZFQNP) on wound healing by in vivostudy model. Bimetallic quercetin nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Synthesized ZFQNP was utilized to prepare the ointment for topical application and wound healing activity was evaluated by using excisional wound method in Wistar rats. The binding affinity of quercetin was ascertained against various wound-healing protein targets by molecular docking. Characterization data confirmed the synthesis of bimetallic ZFQNP of an irregular shape. Molecular docking studies showed satisfactory binding potential of quercetin with selected molecular targets. The study results of various parameters corroborated significant wound-healing properties of ZFQNP, possibly attributed to the promising binding potential of quercetin with vital wound-healing targets. The study demonstrated that the quercetin bimetallic nanoparticles could provide a promising wound-healing effect.

Carboxymethyl cellulose assisted hydrothermal synthesis of litchi-like zinc ferrite nanoparticles for water remediation through visible photo-Fenton-like catalysis

The conventional methods for the synthesis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) basically require high temperature calcination oxidation step, which produces environmentally unfriendly high energy consumption and may produce harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere, as well as the calcination synthesis limits the application of ZnFe2O4 such as preparation of organic composite materials. To end this, by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the reaction system, homogeneous litchi-like ZnFe2O4/CMC nanoparticles were successfully synthesized without alkali and calcination in this paper. The rich carboxyl group of CMC is conducive to the chelation and fixation of metal ions in the reaction precursor, which greatly promotes the synthesis of ZnFe2O4. The synthesized particle size is ~100 nm, with obvious ZnFe2O4 diffraction peaks and good crystallinity. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized photocatalyst was evaluated by visible light-Fenton-like method. With the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), 80.27 % of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) was degraded in just 18 min, suggesting that the synthesized catalyst had an excellent photocatalytic performance. After four cycles, the catalyst still could degrade 64.52 % TC. And the same behavior in XRD and FTIR spectra confirms the stability of the photocatalyst. In addition, it was determined that singlet oxygen (1O2) dominated the visible light catalytic degradation.

Magnetism and exchange coupling in BaFe12O19/ZnFe2O4 as a hard/soft nanocomposite

The primary focus of this research is to explore the magnetic coupling capabilities of BaFe12O19/ZnFe2O4 hard/soft composites. Barium ferrite and zinc ferrite nanoparticles were fabricated using sol-gel and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The BaFe12O19/ZnFe2O4 composites with diverse weight ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1) were synthesized using the solidstate reaction procedure. The confirmation of the formation of composite particle phases was done through the analysis of FTIR and XRD spectra. Examining the FESEM micrographs revealed the agglomeration of hexagonal platelet particles (hexafrite) and spherical particles (spinel ferrite). The synthesized composites indicated medium coercivity (Hc), and saturation magnetization (Ms). The presence of hysteresis loops displaying a "bee waist" appearance or a stepped curve, as well as a Mr⁄Ms ratio less than 0.5, shows a feeble exchange coupling between the soft and hard phases. Moreover, the switching field distribution (SFD) diagrams were analyzed to better understand the exchange coupling behavior. It was observed that all samples exhibited three distinct peaks in the dM/dH vs. H curves, which signifies a weak exchange coupling behavior between two phases of the synthesized composite.

Microstructural, magnetic, and optical properties of nickel-doped spinel zinc ferrite nanoparticles

This study focuses on the synthesis of nickel-substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles, , via the sol-gel method and examines how nickel substitution influences their structural, magnetic, and optical properties. The lattice constant of the nanoparticles, which varied from 8.4296 Å to 8.4212 Å, decreased as the nickel concentration increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the morphology, revealing grain sizes between 46 and 53 nm, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition, showing nearly spherical nanoparticles containing all the constituent elements. The magnetic properties were analyzed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which highlighted significant differences between the theoretical and experimental magnetic moments, indicating the presence of Yafet-Kittel magnetic ordering in the system. The saturation magnetization was enhanced by ions, reaching a maximum value of 23.864 emu/g. This enhancement makes the nickel-substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles suitable for applications in data recording media and magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, the values of the magnetic crystalline anisotropy constant, initial permeability, effective anisotropy constant, and anisotropic field of the synthesized samples were estimated.The optical properties of the synthesized samples were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy, and the band gap was determined through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The optical bandgap of pure zinc ferrite was measured to be 2.26 eV, and it decreased with increasing nickel concentration in the nanoparticles.

La3+ doped ZnFe2O4 synthesized via green chemistry approach using Uncaria gambir Roxb: A study on structural, optical, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties

Lanthanum-doped zinc ferrite (ZFLa) nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, utilizing Uncaria gambir Roxb leaf extract as a capping and stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Le Bail refinement confirmed a cubic spinel structure formation with an Fd-3m space group. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated a shift of the vibration mode of the tetrahedral site to a higher frequency with increasing lanthanum concentration. Raman spectroscopy revealed an additional peak in the A1g mode at 605 cm−1 for ZnFe1.9La0.1O4 (ZFLa10), suggesting the formation of an inverse spinel structure due to a complex cation distribution at the tetrahedral sites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all samples exhibited spherical grains at the nanoscale, with particle size decreasing as lanthanum concentration increased. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) indicated band gap energies within the visible light range (1.84 to 1.86 eV). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirms the increased surface area and pore diameter due to the introduction of La3+ ions, the specific surface area and pore diameter were 96.76 m2/g and 8.78 nm for ZFLa0, and 106.21 m2/g and 10.49 nm for ZFLa10, respectively. The adsorption percentage increased from 17.59 % for ZFLa0 to 55.56 % for ZFLa10. Photocatalytic investigations demonstrated that all catalysts exhibited good activity in degrading Direct Red 81 dye, with ZFLa10 showing the highest photocatalytic activity under direct sunlight, achieving up to 99.68 % degradation of the dye. Stability tests demonstrated remarkable durability, with ZFLa10 maintaining 90.20 % degradation efficiency after five cycles, establishing it as an excellent photocatalyst candidate.

Development and Evaluation of pH‐Responsive Microbeads Incorporated with Nickel Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin

AbstractThe development of a pH‐responsive, biocompatible polymeric carrier for controlled delivery of bioactive agents holds significant practical value for pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we used the gelation method to make pH‐responsive polymeric microbeads using sodium alginate (SA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), and nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) nanoparticles for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The generated microbeads are characterized using various techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Swelling studies reveal enhanced permeability at pH 6.4, and in vitro release studies demonstrate a higher release rate at pH 6.4 compared to pH 2.0. Cytotoxicity tests on MCF‐7 cells (a type of breast cancer cell line) showed that NZF‐loaded microbeads, especially SP‐NZFNPs‐DOX, were more effective than other carriers, indicating their potential usefulness in cancer treatment. Furthermore, biocompatibility tests demonstrate that the SA/PVPVA microbeads and nanoparticles are biocompatible with 3T3 fibroblasts. This study contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, emphasizing the synergistic role of NZF nanoparticles, SA, and PVPVA in optimizing drug delivery systems.

Functionalizing heavy metal contained incinerated sewage sludge ash in recycled glass-based alkali-activated materials for sewer environment

This study evaluates the performance of alkali-activated cement (AAC) mortars in an artificial sewage environment. The mortars, initially prepared with waste glass powder (GP) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in a 50:50 mass ratio, were modified by replacing 10 wt% of GGBS with incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) with the goal of offering a biocidal effect. Comparisons were made with calcium aluminate cement (CAC), metakaolin (MK), and MK combined with zinc ferrite nanoparticles, each at a similar GGBS replacement level. The results showed that only incorporating CAC improved the strength development, achieving compressive and flexural strengths of 62.7 MPa and 7.4 MPa, respectively, at 28 days, while introducing ISSA or MK reduced the compressive strength to 47 MPa and flexural strength to 4.5 MPa. Although heavy metal ions from ISSA or zinc ferrite nanoparticles minimized biofilm thickness, they could not compensate for the reduced strength and increased alkalis leaching. Among all the tested mixtures, the 50GP40GGBS10CAC mixture exhibited superior biogenic acid resistance, possibly due to its Al-rich C-N-A-S-H gel phases (Ca/Si = 0.4, Na/Al = 0.8, Si/Al = 3.4) and refined pore structure (porosity = 3.4 %), making it the most microbial acid-resistant option for sewer rehabilitation.

Electrospun ZnO Nanotubes Decorated with Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Sensing Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Electrospun ZnO Nanotubes Decorated with Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Sensing Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

From Patents to Progress: Unraveling Gout's Journey Through Clinical Trials and Advancements.

Gout, an inflammatory arthritis form, is renowned for its historical association with affluence. This review delves into its pathophysiology, exploring hyperuricemia, urate crystal formation, and the ensuing inflammatory response. The epidemiology of gout is examined, focusing on its rising prevalence and impact on public health. In this study, progress in gout management is discussed, involving pharmacological interventions, dietary changes, and emerging therapies. Genetic predisposition and triggers like alcohol, temperature, and diet are highlighted in this study. Prevention strategies, including serum urate-lowering therapy and lifestyle modifications, aim to reduce recurrent flares and complications. The inflammatory response in acute gout attacks is elucidated, involving immune cells, cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Chronic gout manifestations, such as gouty tophus formation, are explored for their destructive impact on surrounding tissues. Recent advancements in gout treatment, including nanotherapies and novel compounds, are discussed, along with promising urate-lowering drugs. Cutting-edge research on zinc ferrite nanoparticles, dimethyl fumarate, and myricetin/nobiletin hybrids addresses oxidative stress and inflammation in gout. Additionally, the potential therapeutic role of methanolic leaf extract of Euphorbia milii and tip-loaded CLC-Soluplus® MAPs is explored as natural and transdermal alternatives for gout management. The review also covers the development status of new urate-lowering drugs, providing insights into promising candidates and their mechanisms. Patents on gout and recent diagnostic advancements using techniques like laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer, FTIR, and THz-TDS offer a more accurate approach for gout stone analysis, enabling early detection and targeted treatment.

Synthesis of Copper-Doped Metal Nanoferrites for Efficient Removal of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Pollutants in Membrane Bioreactor System

Pharmaceuticals present in the aquatic environment can poison aquatic species and humans through drinking water and cause harmful bacteria to become resistant. The role of transition metal doped metal nanoferrites for the enhanced efficiency of degradation process is widely achieved. In this work, copper doped magnesium ferrite (Cu-MgFe2O4) and copper doped zinc ferrite (Cu-ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of the spinel structure for both samples, with crystal sizes of 16.72 nm and 59.05 nm, respectively. The magnetic properties of the samples were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which revealed that the addition of Cu2+ ions has a significant impact on the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles. The saturation magnetisation (Ms), retentivity (Mr) and coercivity value (Hc) for the Cu-MgFe2O4 sample were found to be 0.18453 emu, 39.584 × 10-3 emu and 139.61 Oe, respectively, while for the Cu-ZnFe2O4 sample, the values were 0.21271 emu, 71.022 × 10-3 emu and 285.91 Oe, respectively. The impact of copper doped nanoferrites on pollutant removal from pharmaceutical wastewater using the membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system has also been accomplished. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of ferrites in reducing concentrations of heavy metals, including lead and cadmium, within acceptable ranges for inland surface water and public sewers. Furthermore, the MBR system with ferrites exhibited efficient removal of fluoride, sulphide and radioactivity, ensuring compliance with the specified standards. Although the study exhibited the potential of ferrites in pollutants removal, further optimization is necessary to achieve complete compliance with water quality standards.

Adsorption and Photocatalytic of Biosynthesis Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles for Removing Acid Black 210 Dye from Aqueous Medium

عالجت هذه الدراسة مياه الصرف الصحي الملوثة بصبغة حمض الأسود 210 عن طريق تقنية الامتزاز والتحفيز الضوئي باستخدام جزيئات الزنك الفريت النانوية. تم تشكيل جسيمات الزنك الفريت النانوية بتقنية التخليق الأخضر باستخدام أوراق الأوكالبتوس كعامل اختزال. المسح المجهري للإلكترون ، الأشعة السينية المشتتة للطاقة ، حيود الأشعة السينية ، Brunauer-emmett -teller ، مقياس زيتا. أشارت الصور من SEM إلى التبلور والشكل الكروي للجسيمات النانوية المصنوعة من الفريت الزنك بحجم جسيم يبلغ 32 نانومتر. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تضمنت هذه الدراسة استخدام مفاعل ضوئي لإنجاز عملية التحلل الضوئي. تم فحص تأثير العوامل الرئيسية على الامتزاز و التحلل الضوئي للصبغة. بناءً على نتائج الامتزاز ، كانت فعالية إزالة الصبغة بعد 180 دقيقة 74٪ في الظروف المثلى 5 غم / لتر ، 0.75 غم / لتر ، 5 ، 45 درجة مئوية لتركيز AB210 ، جرعة الجسيمات النانوية الفريت الزنك ، ودرجة الحموضة ، ودرجة الحرارة ، على التوالى. في المقابل ، أظهرت نتائج التحلل الضوئي أنه تمت إزالة خمسة ملغم / لتر من الصبغة بالكامل في غضون 30 دقيقة عند درجة الحموضة المثلى 7 ، وشدة الأشعة فوق البنفسجية 24 واط / م2 ، ودرجة حرارة 45 درجة مئوية. تمت دراسة متساوي درجة حرارة الامتزاز باستخدام نماذج Freundlich و Langmuir و Temkin و Dubinin .

Experimental investigation of zinc ferrite/insulation oil nanofluid natural convection heat transfer, AC dielectric breakdown voltage, and thermophysical properties

Improving the thermal and dielectric properties of insulation oil (INO) with nanoadditives is an important challenge, and achieving dispersion stability in these nanofluids is quite challenging, necessitating further investigation. The main goal of this study is the synthesis and use of the hydrophobicity of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles, which can improve both the thermal and dielectric properties of the INO. This oil is made from distillate (petroleum), including severely hydrotreated light naphthenic oil (75–85%) and severely hydrotreated light paraffinic oil (15–25%). A comprehensive investigation was carried out, involving the creation of nanofluids with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles at various concentrations, and employing various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), zeta potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The KD2 Pro thermal analyzer was used to investigate the thermal characteristics, including the thermal conductivity coefficient (TCC) and volumetric heat capacity (VHC). Under free convection conditions, the free convection heat transfer coefficient (FCHTC) and Nusselt numbers (Nu) were evaluated, revealing enhancements ranging from 14.15 to 11.7%. Furthermore, the most significant improvement observed in the AC Breakdown voltage (BDV) for nanofluids containing 0.1 wt% of ZnFe2O4 amounted to 17.3%. The most significant finding of this study is the improvement in the heat transfer performance, AC BDV, and stability of the nanofluids.

Entropy optimization in multigrade motor oil based nanofluid: a spectral and sensitivity analysis with particle shape and dispersion effects

PurposeThis study aims to enhance heat transfer efficiency while minimizing friction factor and entropy generation in the flow of Nickel zinc ferrite (NiZnFe2O4) nanoparticles suspended in multigrade 20W-40 motor oil (as specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers). The investigation focuses on the effects of the melting process, nonspherical particle shapes, thermal dispersion and viscous dissipation on the nanofluid flow.Design/methodology/approachThe fundamental governing equations are transformed into a set of similarity equations using Lie group transformations. The resulting set of equations is numerically solved using the spectral local linearization method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) is conducted to evaluate the influence of key parameters on response function.FindingsHigher dispersion reduces entropy production. Needle-shaped particles significantly enhance heat transfer by 27.65% with melting and reduce entropy generation by 45.32%. Increasing the Darcy number results in a reduction of friction by 16.06%, lower entropy by 31.72% and an increase in heat transfer by 17.26%. The Nusselt number is highly sensitive to thermal dispersion across melting and varying volume fraction parameters.Originality/valueThis study addresses a significant research gap by exploring the combined effects of melting, particle shapes and thermal dispersion on nanofluid flow, which has not been thoroughly investigated before. The focus on practical applications such as fuel cells, material processing, biomedicine and various cooling systems underscores its relevance to sectors such as nuclear reactors, tumor treatments and manufacturing. The incorporation of RSM for friction factor analysis introduces a unique dimension to the research, offering novel insights into optimizing nanofluid performance under diverse conditions.

PH independent adsorption: Reusable zinc-ferrite nanospheres for the selective recovery of dyes from binary mixtures

Efficient separation of colorant pollutants is a formidable challenge, prompting research into innovative materials. We developed zinc-ferrite nanoparticles via the Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Technique (MAST), exploiting judicious solvent compositions to enhance Lewis's acidity. Upscaling to gram batches yielded nanoparticles with a higher specific surface area (149 m2g−1). These nanoparticles demonstrated selective separation of dyes from binary mixtures, including Orange-G (OG), Fluorescein-Sodium (FSS), and Methyl-Orange (MO), with their high sorption rate fitting to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm for OG and MO were observed with respective adsorption capacity (qm) of 94.12 mg/g, 104.28 mg/g, whereas FSS more likely matched Sips isotherm with qm = 124.31 mg/g at natural pH in room temperature (27 °C). Desorption, reliant on solution pH and OH− ions, enabled efficient regeneration and multiple reuses without significant efficiency loss over five reuse cycles. Remarkably, selective separation was independent of surface charge and remained effective across a wide pH range and in the presence of common anions, namely I−, NO3−, C2H3O2− routinely encountered in dye effluents. This ecologically safe, scalable adsorbent offers a promising solution for expensive dye recovery.

Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the dielectric and electrical properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-zinc ferrite composites

Polymer composites comprising Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as a matrix, Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4: ZFO) as ceramic filler and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as a surface modifying agent have been synthesized through a simple solvent casting route for application in energy storage devices. The Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study confirmed that the surface modification through Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate improved the dispersion of ZFO particles in the PVDF matrix. The FTIR Spectrophotometer study revealed the existence of expected functional groups in the modified composites The advantage of treatment of SDS on the composite obtained from blending of PVDF with Zinc Ferrite was investigated. The Impedance Analyzer study indicated that the composite with 1.5 wt.% Zinc Ferrite nanoparticles encapsulated by SDS exhibited the highest dielectric constant and reduced loss tangent. In addition, the experimental values of the dielectric constant were compared with some theoretical models. Further, the PE loop study showed higher remanent polarisation in the 1.5 wt.% SDS treated composite indicating that treatment of SDS on Zinc Ferrite (ZFO) can be adopted to fabricate composites for high energy storage applications.

Functionalized ZnFe2O4@Mesoporous silica nano-support for lipase enzyme immobilization: Enhanced biocatalysis and antibacterial activity for food industry applications

Enzymes, as highly efficient biocatalysts, play a crucial role in diverse biotechnological applications. However, enzyme (re)purification and recovery challenges pose substantial obstacles, rendering them costly for industrial utilization. Addressing this, our study developed mesoporous zinc ferrite nanoparticles coated with amine-functionalized mesoporous silica structure (ZnFe2O4@MS) through the solvothermal method. These nanoparticles are an effective nano-support for immobilizing Candida rugosa Lipase (CRL), ensuring easy separability and recoverability through a magnetic field and providing a significant surface area for high mass transference capacity. Immobilizing the lipase on the nano-support (ZnFe2O4@MS/CRL) through covalent bonds on the surface and within the pores led to a notable increase in enzyme activity from 324 U/mg for free enzyme to 689 U/mg for immobilized enzyme. This indicates unchanged active sites post-immobilization, accompanied by enhanced catalytic activity. The immobilized lipases demonstrated prolonged stability at elevated temperatures, maintaining over 59% of initial catalytic activity through five cycles. Furthermore, ZnFe2O4@MS/CRL exhibited substantial antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, more than that observed in Gram-negative bacteria. The immobilized lipase was also effective in synthesizing banana flavor (isoamyl acetate) in n-hexane, achieving 64% esterification at 45 °C after 4 h. Overall, the study underscores the industrial promise of this immobilized enzyme system, emphasizing its potential for sustainable and cost-effective biotechnological processes.

The effect of polyaniline on the magnetic properties of copper–zinc ferrite nanoparticles for use in medical diagnostic/treatment methods (in vitro)

The effect of polyaniline on the magnetic properties of copper–zinc ferrite nanoparticles for use in medical diagnostic/treatment methods (in vitro)

SYNTHESIS STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM DOPED MAGNESIUM ZINC FERRITE

Magnetic ceramics or ferrites are very well established group of magnetic materials which exhibits ferrimagnetism. It possess high electrical resistivity, low eddy current and dielectric loss which makes it superior than the other ordinary magnetic oxides that contain the ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as their basic magnetic compounds. The ceramic magnets are widely used in high frequency transformer application. [(Mg, Mn, F12o4)] spinels are used in square-loop application. Ceramic materials found application in nuclear physics. In nuclear reactors ceramics are used as core components. The studies include the preparation and analysis of Titanium doped Magnesium zinc ferrite. Here, Titanium doped magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles (NPS) were synthesized using solid state reaction method. Titanium doping can enhance the magnetic properties of magnesium zinc ferrite in several ways these can contribute to improved magnetic properties , such as increased magnetic moment, saturation magnetization, and magnetic ordering , making titanium – doped magnesium zinc ferrite a promising material for various applications including magnetic storage, sensors, and spintronics. According to the stoichiometric equation [Mg0.9Zn 0.1TixFe2-xO4] at different values of x, (x=0.1, 0.3) are synthesised. Calcination and sintering of the samples is made by high temperature PID controlled muffle furnace which can go up to 1000°C. The structural and magnetic properties are examined using XRD, FTIR and Curie temperature analysis. From the XRD analysis it revels the phase structure and lattice parameters of the samples. XRD analysis gives maximum intensity of (h k l) values as (3 1 1) in both cases. It also reveals that no secondary phases are produced during growth. That means the specimens FCC stacking. FTIR analysis of the samples done using Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy. From this analysis it revels the detailed atomic structure and bonding of the samples. The bands obtained reveal spinal ferrite structure. Curie temperature of the specimens is determined by Curie temperature apparatus for the study of magnetic properties of the specimens.

Influence of Mg+2 on the structure, microstructure, and magnetic interactions of zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via co-precipitation route

Evolution of the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of Zn1-xMgxFe2O4 (X = 0.00, 0.10 and 0.20) nanoparticles are discussed in detail and relation between cation disorder and magnetic interactions are prospected. The synthesized samples sintered at 500 °C temperature under examination display cubic crystal structure possesses Fd-3m as space group. The average crystallite size and lattice parameter shows variation as revealed from scherrer equation with the addition of Mg dopant at zinc site. Rietveld refinement presented single phase formation. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to convey different Raman modes and their associated vibrations. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to survey the morphological attributes. Magnetization studies reveal weak ferromagnetism at low temperature (5 K) due to cation disorder for all samples. Zero field cooled and field cooled curves from magnetization vs temperature reveal the blocking temperature and its dependence on cation disorder and particle size. These results provide information about the possible applications of zinc ferrite nanoparticles in magnetic sensors, nanomedicine, optoelectronics, and memory devices.