Zinc-enriched Yeast Research Articles

Mitigation of heat stress effects on laying hens' performances, egg quality, and some blood parameters by adding dietary zinc-enriched yeasts, parsley, and their combination.

Finding natural, handy and efficient nutritional solutions to prevent and mitigate negative effects caused by environmental heat stress and to be applied to large-scale laying hen industry. A 3-weeks trial was conducted on 128 laying hens TETRA-SL LL (50 weeks of age) housed in 8 cages/group, 4 laying hens/cage, 32 laying hens/group, under heat stress conditions (34±1°C). The basal diet on corn and soybean meal was formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenic. Compared to Control group diet (C), experimental groups E1 included 1% zinc-enriched yeast; E2 included 2% parsley and E3 included 1% zinc-enriched yeast combined with 2% parsley to minimize the heat stress effects. The parsley and the zinc-enriched yeast were analysed for their chemical composition, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, minerals, vitamin E and incorporated into the ration structure. Production parameters, egg quality, biochemical and haematological profiles of blood samples were analysed during the trial. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) average egg weight was noticed on E2 and E3 compared to Control group, and also during the 1st week compared to the 2nd and the 3rd experimental weeks. Average daily feed intake values were highly significant (p < 0.001) on E3 group compared to C, E1, E2, and on the 2nd week compared to the 3rd experimental week (p < 0.021). Feed conversion rate was highly significant (p < 0.001) during the 2nd and the 3rd experimental weeks compared to the 1st week. The average daily egg production was highly significant (p < 0.001) within 1st week compared to the 2nd and 3rd weeks. A highly significant (p < 0.001) yolk coloration was noticed on E2 and E3 groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to all experimental groups compared to Control group during the 14th and 28th days of storage. These findings suggest that the two ingredients minimized the heat stress effects on production performance parameters with a demonstrated antioxidant capacity role by delaying the lipid peroxidation during different storage time periods.

Morphological changes in human scalp hair during treatment by hair products containing copper and zinc enriched yeast hydrosylate

The local hair treatment product set “Khalgai” consists of three kinds of products: shampoo, conditioner, and protein. The uniqueness is that all products in the set contain yeast hydrolysate, rich in copper and zinc. The copper and zinc contents in shampoo, conditioner, and protein of this set were 0.53, 34.6; 1.33, 41.3; 5.1, 25.4 mg/kg, respectively, and heavy metals levels measured in all product samples were within the permissible limits for cosmetics. Here, we investigated the effects of copper and zinc enriched yeast hydrolysate-containing hair care products on human hair morphology. A total of 100 females (control group n=50, experimental group n=50) living in Ulaanbaatar, aged between 20 and 60, were subjected to the measurement of scalp hair morphological characteristics before and after using the product. Women in the experimental group were involved in 28 days of treatment with the “Khalgai” set product. Hair density, hair diameter, and follicular units were analyzed at five different scalp sites using quantitative trichoscopic analysis by the TrichoSciencePro v1.7 program before and after treatment. As a result of using the “Khalgai” set product for 28 days, participants' hair density increased by 14-25%, and hair diameter increased by 7-13% (3-5% for normal hair, 1-4% for thick hair) and the number of hairs per follicular unit increased by 1-7%, respectively, indicating improved morphological quality. The research results suggest a possible effect of copper and zinc enriched yeast, which contains in “Khalgai” hair care products, might improve characteristics by supplying nutrients to the hair and scalp.&#x0D; Зэс болон цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн гидролизат агуулсан үс арчилгааны бүтээгдэхүүн хэрэглэсний дараах үсний морфологийн өөрчлөлт&#x0D; Хураангуй: “Халгай” нэрийн буурал үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцад шампунь, ангижруулагч, уураг гэсэн гурван төрлийн бүтээгдэхүүн багтсан бөгөөд найрлагад нь зэс, цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн гидролизат орсноороо онцлог юм. Энэхүү багцын шампунь, ангижруулагч, уураг зэрэг бүтээгдэхүүнд агуулагдах зэс, цайрын хэмжээ харгалзан 0.53, 34,6; 1.33, 41.3; 5.1, 25.4 мг/кг байсан бөгөөд хүнд металлын агууламж нь ДЭМБ-аас гаргасан гоо сайхны бүтээгдэхүүнд тавигдах шаардлагад нийцэж байв. Дээрх бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн үсний бүтцэд үзүүлэх нөлөөг тогтоох судалгаанд Улаанбаатар хотын оршин суугч, 20-60 насны 100 эмэгтэй (хяналтын бүлэг n=50, туршилтын бүлэг n=50) хамрагдсан. Туршилтын бүлгийн эмэгтэйчүүд судалгааны 28 хоногийн хугацаанд үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцыг хэрэглэсэн ба туршилт эхлэхийн өмнө болон төгсгөлийн хоногт толгойн хуйхны 5 цэгт үсний диаметр, нягтаршил, нэг уутанцар дах үсний тоо ширхгийн хэмжээг тодорхойлж, TrichoSciencePro v1.7 оношилгооны программ дээр тооцоолон үнэлсэн. “Халгай” буурал үсний цогц бүтээгдэхүүний багцыг 28 хоногийн турш хэрэглэсний дүнд оролцогчдын үсний нягтаршил 14-25%-иар, үсний диаметр 7-13%-иар нэмэгдэж, нэгж уутанцарт байх үсний тоо ширхэг 3-5% (хэвийн ширхэгт), 1-4% (бүдүүн ширхэгт)-иар тус тус нэмэгдэж, үсний морфологийн чанар сайжирсныг статистик магадтай тогтоов. Үүнийг “Халгай” нэрийн буурал үс арчилгааны цогц бүтээгдэхүүний найрлагад агуулагдах зэс, цайраар баяжуулсан дрожжийн задрагийн үс, хуйхны тэжээлийн хангамжийг сайжруулсантай холбон үзэж болно.&#x0D; Түлхүүр үг: “Халгай”, эрдэс, үсний диаметр, нягтаршил, ширхэг

Effects of adding ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, development of rumen papilla, and some blood parameters in lambs

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast addition to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters in lambs. For this purpose, thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were selected and divided equally into six groups: basal diet containing pellet feed without different corn form and yeast (control), basal diet 80% + ground corn 20% (PGC), basal diet 80% + steam-flaked corn 20% (PFC), PGC + Zn-enriched yeast [...]

Zinc availability from zinc-enriched yeast studied with an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model

BackgroundOrganic zinc sources for the treatment of zinc deficiency or as a supplement to a specific diet are increasingly needed. Zinc-enriched yeast (ZnYeast) biomass is a promising nutritional supplement for this essential micronutrient. However, these products are not yet authorized in the European Union and a clear position from the European Food Safety Authority on the use of ZnYeast as a zinc supplement is pending, demanding more data on its bioavailability. ObjectiveThe study aimed to produce a ZnYeast based on a Saccharomyces genus (S. pastorianus Rh), characterize its zinc enrichment quota, cellular distribution of zinc, and evaluate its zinc bioavailability after human digestion by comparing it to commonly used inorganic and organic zinc supplements (ZnO, ZnSO4, zinc gluconate, and zinc aspartate). Method and Main findingsThe zinc-enriched S. pastorianus Rh contained 5.9 ± 1.0 mg zinc/g yeast, which was predominantly localized on the cell surface according to its characterization on the microscale with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Combined experiments with a human in vitro digestion model and the in vitro intestinal cell model Caco-2 showed that intestinal zinc bioavailability of digested yeast biomass was comparable to the other zinc supplements, apart from ZnO, which was somewhat less bioavailable. Moreover, zinc released from digested ZnYeast was available for biological processes within the enterocytes, leading to mRNA upregulation of metallothionein, a biomarker of intestinal zinc status, and significantly elevated the cellular labile zinc pool. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that ZnYeast represents a suitable nutritional source for organically bound zinc and highlighted optimization strategies for future production of dietary ZnYeast.

A novel preparation for siderophore‐assisted copper and zinc enrichment in yeast

Copper and zinc are essential trace elements for several biological activities and play an important role in living organisms. In this study, the role of siderophores obtained from 16 microorganisms isolated from an iron-rich environment was evaluated in the transport of zinc and copper in yeast. In addition, siderophores showing relevant transport activity were used in the preparation of metal-enriched yeast. Siderophores TZT-SH5I and TZT-ZTH2X significantly improved tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during growth under high concentrations of zinc/copper. Strains producing siderophores TZT-SH5I and TZT-ZTH2X were identified as Aspergillus sp and Penicillium sp, respectively. The orthogonal method was used to determine optimized conditions for siderophore-assisted copper and zinc enrichment of S. cerevisiae. The final intracellular content of organic Cu and Zn in S. cerevisiae grown in a siderophore-containing medium was 60.76 and 44.22 mg/g. This study provides a convenient and feasible new strategy for the preparation of supplements rich in organic trace elements. Novelty impact statement Bioaccumulation of essential trace elements (TEs) by microorganisms is one of the most important ways to TEs from inorganic into organic forms which can be more efficiently absorbed by humans. In the current study, a novel method for preparing copper and zinc-enriched yeast using siderophores from high iron environment microorganisms has been optimized and established. Significantly higher intracellular content of organic Cu and Zn in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in a siderophore-containing medium was obtained, which would provide a new idea and platform for the preparation of organic trace elements.

Zinc-Enriched Yeast May Improve Spermatogenesis by Regulating Steroid Production and Antioxidant Levels in Mice.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for the human body. This nutrient is involved in numerous physiological functions and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Zn-enriched yeast (ZnY) is considered a Zn supplement with high bioavailability and is widely used as a functional food. However, the effect of ZnY on male reproductive function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ZnY on the treatment of male spermatogenesis disorders. The spermatogenic dysfunctional mice were established by using cyclophosphamide (CP). CP was administered in saline at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day for 5 days by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.). Then, ZnY was orally supplemented at the dose levels of 2, 4, and 8 mg Zn/kg bw/day for 30 days. CP significantly decreased the sperm density and viability, testicular marker enzymes, serum testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). ZnY supplementation significantly improved these sperm parameters and hormone levels. Additionally, ZnY decreased the CP-induced lipid peroxidation and increased the glutathione levels. Moreover, ZnY increased the gene expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and steroid synthetase in mouse testes. The low-dose ZnY supplementation has a better effect on improving spermatogenesis, while the other two groups are less beneficial roles possibly due to excessive Zn intake. The present results suggest that appropriate ZnY can act as an accessory factor to improve steroid production and antioxidant levels in spermatogenic dysfunction mice.

Candida tropicalis sp. Nov., a novel, zinc-enriched yeast species found in China

Abstract Zinc is one of the most important trace elements and deficiency can lead to significant clinical complications. Microbial transformation is one of the most important methods used to supplement organic zinc and there may be some naturally occurring microorganisms that have both higher zinc tolerances and transformation capabilities. In this study, microorganisms which displayed such characteristics were widely screened, and a strain designated T-A was found. Morphological and molecular determination demonstrated that T-A is closely related to Candida tropicalis with 87% of 18S rDNA homology, with a G+C content measured by RP-HPLC of 88.42%. Candida tropicalis sp. T-A strains were shown to grow and transform zinc best at pH5 in medium with a zinc ion concentration of 8000 μg/mL at 28 °C for 121 hours. Our results showed C. tropicalis sp. T-A’s zinc content was 19.153 mg/g dry weight, with a relative bioavailability in rats of 173% when compared with traditional zinc supplements. Our study suggests that C. tropicalis sp. T-A could be exploited for use as a potential zinc supplement.

Effects of zinc-enriched yeast in laying hens diet on the value of some egg nutrients

Effects of zinc-enriched yeast in laying hens diet on the value of some egg nutrients

Новый штамм Saccharomyces cerevisiae А112 для получения биомасс, обогащенных цинком

The Food Industries Research Institute of Vietnam is one of the leading research institutes in the country, which study the use of microorganisms in food production. One of the main goals of the Institute is to collect and search for new strains for further research and production. Recently, the Institute has focused on products that use biomasses of microorganisms, such as zinc- and selenium-forified yeast biomass. The present research features new yeast strains for the production of high-zinc-containing preparations. The studies examined the properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae A112 and its stability under laboratory conditions. The research was conducted at the Food Industries Research Institute of Vietnam. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae A112 was found to contain up to 12.88 mg of zinc per gram of dry biomass when 1 g/l sulfate salt was added to the medium. The results allowed for industrial use of zinc-enriched yeast biomass. The new strain is resistant to temperatures up to 35°C while the optimal growth temperature is 28–33°C.

The effects of zinc-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth and mineral composition of marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis

Rotifers are important zooplankton in commercial finfish hatcheries. However, due to the limited variety of food available, zinc content of cultured rotifers in artificial environments may not meet the requirements of fish larval. It has been reported that direct addition of soluble zinc to culture media was not effective on the zinc content of rotifer. Thus, in this study, the effect of zinc-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisia e was investigated on the growth and mineral composition of rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis . Four different food treatments, including (1) yeast without enrichment (control), (2) yeast containing 21.23 mg g -1 of zinc, (3) yeast containing 56.25 mg g -1 of zinc, and (4) yeast containing 132.93 mg g -1 of zinc, were used to produce rotifer for a period of 10 days. Afterwards, specific growth rate (SGR), the total number of rotifers, total eggs attached to rotifers, and the total number of eggs were measured. Finally, the mineral composition of rotifer in different treatments was analyzed. The findings revealed that yeast enriched with 56.25 mg g -1 of zinc significantly improved the growth of rotifers. The maximum number of rotifers (274 ind ml -1 ), total eggs attached to rotifers (29.3 number ml -1 ), and the total number of eggs (36 number ml -1 ) were found in the third treatment. The highest zinc content was observed in the fourth treatment (about 822.5 μg g -1 of rotifers). The maximum values of Fe (13.84 μg g -1 of rotifers) and Mn (15.22 μg g -1 of rotifer) were related to the treatment 4 and control, respectively. However, the amount of Cu did not significantly differ among the treatments. In conclusion, this study found that zinc-enriched yeast improved the growth, reproduction, and body composition of B. plicatilis .

Zinc-rich oysters as well as zinc-yeast- and astaxanthin-enriched food improved sleep efficiency and sleep onset in a randomized controlled trial of healthy individuals.

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays an important role in the body. We previously reported that orally feeding zinc-enriched yeast to mice induces nonrapid-eye-movement sleep. In addition, astaxanthin, an antioxidant abundant in seafood such as salmon and krill, is able to chelate minerals and may promote zinc absorption, which in return may also improve sleep. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of zinc-rich and astaxanthin-containing food on sleep in humans. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel group trial of 120 healthy subjects and recorded their night activity by actigraphy for 12 weeks. These subjects were divided into four groups: placebo, zinc-rich food, zinc-, and astaxanthin-rich food, and placebo supplemented with zinc-enriched yeast and astaxanthin oil. Compared with the placebo group, the zinc-rich food group efficiently decreased the time necessary to fall asleep and improved sleep efficiency, whereas the group that ingested zinc-enriched yeast and astaxanthin oil significantly improved the sleep onset latency. Actigraphic sleep monitoring demonstrated that eating zinc-rich food improved sleep onset latency as well as improved the sleep efficiency in healthy individuals.

Effect of dietary supplementation with zinc enriched yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element in all living organisms, and the first eukaryotic Zn uptake transporter was discovered in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Zinc-enriched yeast is a currently available Zn supplement. The purpose of the investigation was to compare and evaluate the effect of Zn enriched yeast in rainbow trout. The fish (mean body weight 10 ± 0.5 g) were fed a commercial diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1 × 10(6), 1 × 10(7) and 1 × 10(8) CFU/g of Zn-enriched yeast for 60-days. Results showed that significant increase in serum lysozyme activity, complement activity and total immunoglobulin were seen in all treatment groups during feeding trial when compared to the control group. On the basis of our findings, Zn-enriched improved rainbow trout growth, some immune parameters and disease resistance.

Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of zinc-enriched yeast in rats.

Zinc-enriched yeast (ZnY) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) are considered zinc (Zn) supplements currently available. The purpose of the investigation was to compare and evaluate pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of ZnY and ZnSO4 in rats. ZnY or ZnSO4 were orally administered to rats at a single dose of 4 mg Zn/kg and Zn levels in plasma and various tissues were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Maximum plasma concentration values were 3.87 and 2.81 μg/mL for ZnY and ZnSO4, respectively. Both ZnY and ZnSO4 were slowly eliminated with a half-life of over 7 h and bone had the highest Zn level in all tissues. Compared to ZnSO4, the relative bioavailability of ZnY was 138.4%, indicating that ZnY had a significantly higher bioavailability than ZnSO4.

Evaluation Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Probiotic Formulation With Zinc Enriched Yeast In Children With Acute Diarrhea

Background: Diarrhea is a common and potentially serious illness in early childhood. A child suffers, on an average, 10 to 15 episodes of diarrhea in the first five years of life. Particularly in developing countries like India this problem is much more common and also severe due to poor hygiene and less accessible healthcare facilities compared to western world. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a probiotic formulation with Zinc enriched yeast in children with acute diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This was an open label, non-randomized clinical trial conducted on outpatient basis by the qualified investigators at five different centers. A total of 104 pediatric patients (6-60 months of age) with acute diarrhea of < 48 hrs duration were enrolled in the study. The enrollment of the patients was as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent they were individually examined, investigated and treated as per study protocol. The treatment included daily one sachet of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 (1Billion cells), Saccharomyces boulardii (125mg) along with Zinc enriched yeast (equivalent to elemental Zinc 20mg) for 1014 days. Results: Within studied population, 60% patients with acute diarrhea showed complete recovery from their symptoms by day 3, 35% by day 5 and remaining 5% of patients by day 10. These patients showed symptomatic improvement in all studied parameters which included, both stool frequency and consistency, episodes of vomiting and urination frequency. It was observed that 95 % of patients resumed normal food intake & activities in 5 days. As per investigator’s assessment, the efficacy of the treatment with trial medication was good and very good in 89 patients and satisfactory in 11 patients. Among the 100 patients studied, 20 patients rated the therapy with the trial medication as very good, 69 patients as good and 11 patients as satisfactory. All the patients reported good tolerability of the formulation with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: The present study concludes that once a day administration of probiotic-zinc combination containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11, Saccharomyces boulardii and zinc enriched yeast is effective in the treatment of acute diarrhea and associated symptoms. Source of support: The study was sponsored by Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai.

Inability to assess the safety of zinc‐enriched yeast as a source of zinc, added for nutritional purposes to foods for particular nutritional uses and foods (including food supplements) intended for the general population, based on the supporting dossiers

EFSA JournalVolume 7, Issue 6 1129 StatementOpen Access Inability to assess the safety of zinc-enriched yeast as a source of zinc, added for nutritional purposes to foods for particular nutritional uses and foods (including food supplements) intended for the general population, based on the supporting dossiers European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 June 2009 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1129 Panel members: F. Aguilar, U.R. Charrondiere, B. Dusemund, P. Galtier, J. Gilbert, D.M. Gott, S. Grilli, R. Guertler, G.E.N. Kass, J. Koenig, C. Lambré, J-C. Larsen, J-C. Leblanc, A. Mortensen, D. Parent-Massin, I. Pratt, I.M.C.M. Rietjens, I. Stankovic, P. Tobback, T. Verguieva, R. Woutersen. Acknowledgement: The European Food Safety Authority wishes to thank the members of Working Group A on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources for the preparation of this opinion: F. Aguilar, N. Bemrah, P. Galtier, J. Gilbert, S. Grilli, R. Guertler, G.E.N. Kass, C. Lambré, J.C. Larsen, J.- C. Leblanc, A. Mortensen, I. Pratt, I. Stankovic. Adoption date: 4 June 2009 Published date: 23 June 2009 Question number: EFSA-Q-2005-089, EFSA-Q-2005-191, EFSA-Q-2006-218 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Bentley Z, 2002. Analysis of dietary supplements. Unpublished data submitted as PhD thesis. University of Surrey, 2002. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2008. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards on the maintenance of the list of QPS microorganisms intentionally added to food or feed. The EFSA Journal ( 923), 1– 48. Sri Y-C, Zhang Z-S and Guo X-Y, 1993. Experimental preparation of zinc-rich yeast. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals 24 (12), 534– 537. Tompkins TA, Renard NE, Kiuchi A, 2007. Clinical evaluation of the bioavailability of zinc-enriched yeast and zinc gluconate in healthy volunteers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 120, 28– 35. Vinson JA and Bose P, 1981. Comparison of the bioavailability of trace elements in inorganic salts, amino acid chelates and yeast. Proceedings of Mineral Elements ′80, Helsinki, 615– 621. Vinson JA, Bose P, Lemoine L and Hsaio K, 1989. Relative bioavailability of trace elements and vitamins found in commercial supplements. In DAT Southgate, IT Johnson and GR Fenwick (eds.) Nutrient Availability: Chemical and Biological Aspects, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 125– 127. Vinson JA 1991. Human bioavailability of zinc (Zn*1/1); Bioavailability of zinc (Zn*1/2); Zinc bioavailability (Zn*1/3). Unpublished data. Vinson JA, Tompkins TA, Agbor GA, 2007. Comparative bioavailability of mineral-enriched gluconates and yeast in rat liver after depletion-repletion feeding. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 118, 104– 110. Yamaguchi M, Igarashi A and Ichiyama S (2004). Bioavailability of zinc yeast in rats: stimulatory effect on bone calcification in vivo. J. Health Sci. 50, 75– 81. Volume7, Issue6June 20091129 ReferencesRelatedInformation

알코올 급여 흰쥐의 혈중 성호르몬 및 아연 농도에 미치는 아연 고함유 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 급여의 영향

아연은 많은 생리학적인 기능을 가지는 필수미량 원소로, 특히 성기능에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 열대 과일 Rambutan으로부터 분리된 아연 고함유 효모의 미네랄 성분은 아연 306 ppm, K 28,640 ppm, Mg 2,342, Na 1,048 ppm, Ca 366 ppm, Fe 236 ppm 및 Mn 4 ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 혈청 중 성호르몬인 테스토스테론(testosterone) 농도는 정상군에 비해 에탄올 급여 실험군에서 감소 경향을 나타내었다. 에탄올 급여에 의한 성호르몬 테스토스테론의 농도 감소는 아연 고함유 효모 투여로 현저하게 증가하였다. 또한, 혈청 중 아연 함량에 에탄올 급여 실험군에서 감소경향을 보였고, 이러한 감소는 아연 고함유 효모 투여로 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서, 에탄올 투여에 의한 혈중 아연 및 테스토스테론 농도의 감소효과는 아연 고함유 효모 투여로 상쇄되는 것으로 나타나 본 실험에 사용된 아연 고함유 효모는 성기능 관련 건강기능식품의 소재로서 산업적으로 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료되어 진다. Zinc is an essential trace element participating in many physiological functions and notably an important function for sperm physiology. Zinc-enriched yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from tropical fruit rambutan. This strain contained 306 ppm zinc concentration and other components contained by K 28,640 ppm, Mg 2,342 ppm, Na 1,048 ppm, Ca 366 ppm, Fe 236 ppm and Mn 4 ppm. The serum concentration of testosterone was decreased in ethanol treatment rats. As compared with ethanol treated control rats, the zinc-enriched yeast strain supplementation showed significantly increased the testosterone concentration in serum. In addition, zinc concentration in serum was decreased in alcohol treatment, but this reduction was significantly increased by zinc-enriched yeast strain supplementation in ethanol feeding rats. These results indicate that zinc-enriched yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain could play an important role in the sperm physiology by the marked elevation of serum testosterone concentration.

Clinical Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Zinc-enriched Yeast and Zinc Gluconate in Healthy Volunteers

Zinc (Zn)-enriched yeast and gluconate are considered two of the more biologically available supplements. However, there have been few reports comparing the bioavailability of these supplements. The objective of this study was to demonstrate whether Zn was absorbed better by healthy male volunteers when given supplements where the mineral is found organically bound in yeast or as a salt gluconate form. The trial used a randomized, two-way crossover design. Urine, blood, and fecal samples were collected and analyzed over a 48-h period after a single dose of supplement. The net Zn balance and the relative bioavailability were calculated. No differences were observed in urine excretion of the two supplements. Zinc gluconate gave higher Zn concentrations in the blood in the first 6 h but also showed greater losses in the feces. Zinc yeast also increased in blood with time but showed significantly less loss in the feces. Thus, the net Zn balance after 48 h for Zn yeast was 9.46 but for Zn gluconate it was -2.00, indicating that Zn gluconate supplementation contributed to a net loss of Zn. It was concluded that organic Zn yeast supplements are more biologically available than Zn gluconate salts.