ZigBee Routers Research Articles

Mobile agents assisted data collection in wireless sensor networks utilizing ZigBee technology

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being utilized widely in many different industries, including agriculture, medicine, and the military. They contain many distributed sensors to monitor physical or environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. and use various communication technologies, including WiFi, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth, and ZigBee. ZigBee is always a preferred choice for applications in WSNs. ZigBee has remarkable capabilities, such as saving energy and transmitting data over long distances. ZigBee end devices, as well as a ZigBee coordinator (ZC) and a ZigBee router (ZR), are crucial components of the WSNs. This article discusses the fundamentals of the ZigBee network, one of the most popular data transmission technologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Additionally, we want to discuss the ZigBee communication technologies and their applications, particularly in the networks. Different scenarios for mobile agents including their routing protocols in WSNs are considered. Simulation results of different scenarios demonstrate how easily scalability can be achieved and provide a foundation for further ZigBee application development. At last, some conclusions and ideas are presented for considerations.

ZigBee based data collection in wireless sensor networks

<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSN), referring to groups of technologies wirelessly controlled, are widely used in many different fields, agriculture, medical, military, etc. These technologies are mainly used for monitoring physical or environmental conditions, such as temperatures, sound, pressure, and so on. In WSN fields, there are technologies as Wi-Fi, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, and so on. Furthermore, there is one of this technology that offers more outstanding futures to provide more energy-saving and long distances of transmissions compared to other technologies, and that is Zigbee technology, and this had become for many applications, the first high-quality to use and consequently the most used in WSNs. In Zigbee aided WSNs, are included three main devices used to communicate data, that is a Zig-Bee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router, and ZigBee end-devices. The data sensed is transmitted from sensor nodes through coordinators to a base-station (BS), this device (coordinator), collects the data, stores it in a memory, processes, and finally forward to the next suitable nodes or the BS. This research presents the concepts and discussions of Zigbee technologies used in WSNs. Utmost ZigBee communication technologies are revised and analyzed, as well as simulation results with different scenarios are addressed comprehensively. Proposals for advance applications in WSNs are presented. Suggestions for future developments are provided</p>

Methane Monitoring in Kitchen Based on ZigBee Antenna Array

With the obvious improvement in people’s quality of life, the use of natural gas is becoming increasingly common. Household natural gas has hidden safety hazards while being hygienic and convenient. There are many gas explosion accidents every year, and life and property are seriously damaged. When the natural gas body leaks a little and the methane concentration in the air is extremely low, the methane sensor may fail to report, and the signal is weak or the early warning signal cannot be processed in time, which brings hidden dangers to the accident of gas explosion. In this paper, an optimized array of antenna arrays is designed based on the ZigBee network. Use multiple MQ-4 sensor arrays to detect the methane concentration in the kitchen, and send the weak signals collected by the four methane sensors to the ZigBee router in the same direction through the four antennas of the ZigBee module. The router timely and accurately transmits to the ZigBee coordinator and uses ZigBee network technology to upload the alarm information to the cell monitoring center through wireless. The simulation test results show that the diamond antenna array can quickly detect the change of methane concentration, and has high sensitivity and reliability.

Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation.

Wireless sensor networks proliferate more and more in all social scopes and sectors. Such networks are implemented in smart homes, smart cities, security systems, medical resources, agriculture, automotive industry, etc. Communication devices and sensors of such networks are powered with batteries: the enlarging of battery life is a hot research topic. We focus on wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee technology. While sleep standard operation mode is defined for end devices, it is not the case for the rest of devices (routers and Coordinator), which usually always remain in active mode. We designed a formal optimization model for maximizing the enlarging of the battery life of routers and Coordinator, allowing us to delimit practical successful conditions. It was successfully tested with a standard ZigBee datasheet comprising technical data for sensors, routers, and coordinators. It was tested in a practical wireless sensor network assembly with XBee S2C devices. We derived, from the previous model, a novel but simple protocol of communication among routers and coordinators. It was tested in different use cases. We showed that when end devices generate traffic at regular intervals, the enlarging of the battery life of routers and Coordinator was possible only under certain use cases.

Design of Train Carriage Abnormal Noise Alarm System Based on Zigbee

In order to realize the timely and accurate alarm for abnormal conditions in train carriages, a scheme of abnormal noise alarm system based on zigbee is proposed. The overall system architecture as well as the hardware and software structure of each node is designed. Meanwhile, the workflow and implementation process of each module are elaborated in detail. The system includes five parts: sensor node, zigbee router, coordinator, video module and intelligent terminal. Firstly, the decibels collected by the sound sensor are processed through threshold judgment and sent to the coordinator through the zigbee router module. Secondly, the video module recognizes and analyzes the video of the alarming carriage by means of artificial intelligence. Finally, the detailed alarm information is sent to the intelligent terminal. The development cost of this system is low while its installation and maintenance is convenient. It improves the monitoring facilities of train carriages, which can not only guarantee the accuracy and real time of the warning, but also set the threshold value and delete alarm mark manually. It has strong expansibility and portability, which is of practical significance for improving the safety of train operation.

Design of Dynamic Automatic Control System for Mariculture Water Quality under Internet of Things Environment

Zhang, S. and Chen, J., 2018. Design of dynamic automatic control system for mariculture water quality under internet of things environment. In: Liu, Z.L. and Mi, C. (eds.), Advances in Sustainable Port and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 83, pp. 637–641. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The dynamic automatic control system of mariculture water quality was proposed, the main control processor of system used Mini2440 development board. The data transmission module used ZigBee wireless communication module and USB WIFI module to complete the data transmission network, which was forwarded by the Zigbee router. The control part communicated through the communication module and the control cabinet of aquaculture pond site, so as to realize the remote control and dynamic automatic control for farming equipment. Users could complete the remote access through the monitoring platform. Experimental result shows that the system can effectively improve the level of dynamic management of mariculture water quality. It has superior control performance.

Proposal of ZigBee Systems for the Provision of Location Information and Transmission of Sensor Data in Medical Welfare

This paper proposes a scheme to obtain location and vital health information using ZigBee system. ZigBee systems are wireless communication systems defined by IEEE 802.154. In the proposed scheme, location information is obtained using the Link Quality Indication (LQI) function of a ZigBee system, which represents the received signal strength. And, the vital health information are collected from the electrocardiogram monitor, the pulse and blood pressure device, attached to the patient’s body. This information is then transmitted to an outside network by ZigBee systems. In this way, vital health information can be transmitted as ZigBee sensor data while patients with the ZigBee terminal are moving. In the experiments using actual ZigBee devices, the proposed scheme could obtain accurate location and vital health information from the sensor data. Moreover, to achieve high reliability in the actual service, the collected amount of sensor data was confirmed by the theoretic calculation, when a ZigBee terminal passed through ZigBee routers. These results indicate that the proposed scheme can be used to detect the accurate location of the ZigBee terminal. And over 99% of the sensor data on vital health information was obtained when the ZigBee terminal passed through approximately four ZigBee routers.

Examination of Energy Efficiency for MAC Protocol in Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless body area networks are widely used for applications such as health care system, where wireless sensors (nodes) monitor the parameter(s) of interest. Sensors play a critical role in many sensor network applications. Mac layer operates on non-beacon and beacon enabled mode. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard provide two modes of connections: beacon enabled mode and non-offer transmission determinism. The nonbeacon enabled mode does not suggest any assurance on traffic determinism. In this network an unslotted CSMA/CA channel access method is used beacon mode. In beaconenabled networks, the extraordinary network nodes called ZigBee Routers transmit episodic beacons to verify their existence to other network nodes i.e. it can. Opposing to the non-beacon enabled mode, the beacon analyze delay, packet loss ratio, network life time, throughput of the wireless body area network. There will be three states nodes, sleep, awake, idle, which will be used to do transmission of data packets.AR-MAC protocol is based upon TDMA technique to reduce energy utilization. AR-MAC assigns Guaranteed Times Slot (GTS) to every sensor node for communication based upon the necessities of sensor node. Analysis of this parameter is performed on TDMA and CSMA/CA techniques that will be used to do the comparison on MAC layer. The performance will be judged on beacon and nonbeacon enabled mode. Enabled mode does not permit us to shape mesh topology in order to interrelate numerous beacon networks.

Design of a Wireless Monitoring Network for Granary Temperature and Humidity Based on Zigbee

The granary monitoring systems in used in China are mostly based on wired networks such as RS-485 serial bus, CAN fieldbus, etc. Inevitably these monitoring systems have drawbacks of high installation cost, high failure rate and high maintenance cost. Aiming at these problems, this paper designed a granary temperature and humidity monitoring system based on Zigbee wireless network. The monitoring system consists of sensor modules as Zigbee end devices, a host PC connected to a Zigbee coordinator and some Zigbee routers if necessary. The sensor module is a temperature and humidity testing device using a CC2430 as the controller and a SHT11 as the sensor. All testing results are displayed as figures and curves in real-time on the host PC, and history data are saved in a database file for further analysis.

A Design for Power Supply Monitoring

Monitoring servers' power is very important, and a design is present for solving existed issues. Building a wireless network with Zigbee technology, there are major modules:End Device with chip CC2530, Zigbee Router with chip CC2530 and CC2591, Zigbee coordinator with chip CC2530 and CC2430.

Construction and Application of an Intelligent Air Quality Monitoring System for Healthcare Environment

Indoor air quality monitoring in healthcare environment has become a critical part of hospital management and policy. Manual air sampling and analysis are cost-inhibitive and do not provide real-time air quality data and response measures. In this month-long study over 14 sampling locations in a public hospital in Taiwan, we observed a positive correlation between CO(2) concentration and population, total bacteria, and particulate matter concentrations, thus monitoring CO(2) concentration as a general indicator for air quality could be a viable option. Consequently, an intelligent environmental monitoring system consisting of a CO(2)/temperature/humidity sensor, a digital plug, and a ZigBee Router and Coordinator was developed and tested. The system also included a backend server that received and analyzed data, as well as activating ventilation and air purifiers when CO(2) concentration exceeded a pre-set value. Alert messages can also be delivered to offsite users through mobile devices.

Integration of Value Stream Mapping with RFID, WSN and ZigBee Network

Value stream mapping (VSM) significantly monitored by integrating radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN), ZigBee wireless technologies and Labview Graphical user interface (GUI). These technologies are used for identifying, sensing, positioning, multi-hop communication and real time locating system (RTLS). Combined effect of above technologies will optimize labor and operations cost, minimize human error; improve environmental performance and information accuracy. ZigBee protocol IEEE 802.15.4 standard has been used as wireless network in variety of commercial and industrial applications. The range of tracking of RFID reader enhanced with ZigBee coordinator through ZigBee router, which overcomes the range of radio areas that do not reach signals from the RFID reader. The proposed system provides richer information of objects location, identification and their environmental status like temperature and moisture.

Research on the Mining Personnel Orientation Method Based on the Zigbee and GIS

This paper presents a method to locate the personnel in the coal mine. ZigBee wireless transmission mode is used to transfer the person location information to the groud.location hardware system includes three components, first one is ZigBee terminal mobile node, which is installed on the body of miners, the left is ZigBee router and ZigBee coordinator, which can obtain the wireless power in the miners place, combined with the RSSI ranging algorithm, can obtain the miner location. The software is used to store the information about the historical location information and others, display the miner location on the underground using the GIS technology. The field application result shows the miner location accuracy of this system is about 3 meters, which is helpful for miner management and accident processing.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING ZIGBEE

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensors which are densely distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node. Index Terms: WSN, ZigBee.

Toward green sensor field by optimizing power efficiency using D-policy M/G/1 queuing systems

Power efficiency is a crucially important issue in the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee sensor networks ZSNs for majority of sensor nodes equipped with non-rechargeable batteries. To increase the lifetime of sensor networks, each node must optimize power consumption as possible. Among open literatures, much research works have focused on how to optimally increase the probability of sleeping states using multifarious wake-up strategies. Making things different, in this article, we propose a novel optimization framework for alleviating power consumption of sensor node with the D-policy M/G/1 queuing approach. Toward green sensor field, the proposed power-saving technique can be applied to prolong the lifetime of ZSN economically and effectively. For the proposed data aggregation model, mathematical framework on performance measures has been formulated. Data simulation using MATLAB tool has been conducted for exploring the feasibility of the proposed approach. And also we analyze the average traffic load per node for tree-based ZSN. Focusing on ZigBee routers deployed at the innermost shell of ZSN, network simulation results validate that the proposed approach indeed provides a feasibly cost-effective approach for prolonging lifetime of ZSNs.

Traffic load analysis and its application to enhancing longevity on IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Sensor Network

Power consumption is an interesting challenge to prolong the operational lifetime on IEEE 802.15/ZigBee Sensor Network (ZSN). ZigBee routers closer to the ZigBee coordinator (ZC) have a larger forwarding traffic burden and consume more energy than devices further away from the ZC. The whole operational lifetime of ZSN is deteriorated because of such an uneven node power consumption patterns, leading to what is known as an energy hole problem (EHP) around the ZC. In this article the average load traffic pattern for the ZSN has been explored and derived in terms of closed-form mathematical expressions. Also we propose a novel power-saving scheme to alleviate the EHP based on the N-policy M/G/1 queuing model. Having a counter (N) that controls the triggering radio server can reduce power consumption of a generic node. With little management cost, the proposed queue-based power-saving technique can be applied to prolong the lifetime of sensor network economically and effectively. For the proposed queue-based model, mathematical framework on performance measures has been formulated. Focusing on ZigBee routers deployed at the innermost shell of ZSN, numerical and network simulation results validate that the proposed approach indeed provides a feasibly cost-effective approach for lifetime elongation of wireless sensor networks.

Risk-Aware Distributed Beacon Scheduling for Tree-Based ZigBee Wireless Networks

In a tree-based ZigBee network, ZigBee routers (ZRs) must schedule their beacon transmission time to avoid beacon collisions. The beacon schedule determines packet delivery latency from the end devices to the ZigBee coordinator at the root of the tree. Traditionally, beacon schedules are chosen such that a ZR does not reuse the beacon slots already claimed by its neighbors, or the neighbors of its neighbors. We observe, however, that beacon slots can be reused judiciously, especially when the risk of beacon collision caused by such reuse is low. The advantage of such reuse is that packet delivery latency can be reduced. We formalize our observation by proposing a node-pair classification scheme. Based on this scheme, we can easily assess the risk of slot reuse by a node pair. If the risk is high, slot reuse is disallowed; otherwise, slot reuse is allowed. This forms the essence of our ZigBee-compatible, distributed, risk-aware, probabilistic beacon scheduling algorithm. Simulation results show that on average the proposed algorithm produces a latency only 24 percent of that with conventional method, at the cost of 12 percent reduction in the fraction of associated nodes.

A lightweight network repair scheme for data collection applications in zigbee WSNs

Data collection is a fundamental operation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In, a quick convergecast solution is proposed for data collection in a ZigBee beacon-enabled tree-based WSN. However, it does not consider the network repair issue. When a ZigBee router loses its link to its parent, all its descendants have to rejoin the network. The rejoining procedure is time-consuming and may incur high communication overheads. The proposed network repair scheme consists of a regular repair and an instant repair schemes. Periodically, the network coordinator can issue regular repair to refresh the network (so as to keep the network in good shape). During normal operations, if a router loses its parent, it tries instant repair to reconnect to a new parent. Our design thus improves over ZigBee in that nodes can continue their operations even during instant repair.

A lightweight network repair scheme for data collection applications in zigbee WSNs

Data collection is a fundamental operation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In, a quick convergecast solution is proposed for data collection in a ZigBee beacon-enabled tree-based WSN. However, it does not consider the network repair issue. When a ZigBee router loses its link to its parent, all its descendants have to rejoin the network. The rejoining procedure is time-consuming and may incur high communication overheads. The proposed network repair scheme consists of a regular repair and an instant repair schemes. Periodically, the network coordinator can issue regular repair to refresh the network (so as to keep the network in good shape). During normal operations, if a router loses its parent, it tries instant repair to reconnect to a new parent. Our design thus improves over ZigBee in that nodes can continue their operations even during instant repair.