ZigBee Communication Research Articles

The Design of Home Fire Monitoring System based on NB-IoT

In the field of home fire monitoring, the currently relatively mature monitoring solutions include GPRS/GSM com-munication and Zigbee communication. The main disadvantage of GPRS wireless communication is high power consumption, and the disadvantage of Zigbee technology is that it needs to be combined with other communication technologies to realize remote monitoring. In addition, the above technical solutions all require self-built local or remote monitoring servers to save mon-itoring data. In view of the above problems, this system designs a home fire monitoring system based on NB-IoT technology and cloud platform. The system uses a single-chip STM32F103C8T6 as the core controller and contains a sensor data acquisition module and a narrowband IoT communication module. The data fusion of multi-sensor data is performed by BP neural network algorithm.On the basis of remote transmission, the system solves the problems of high power consumption, high cost and insufficient signal coverage of terminal hardware. The system can collect indoor environmental parameters and fire information in real time, and upload them to the cloud platform for storage. If abnormal data is detected, an early warning message will be issued. The feasibility of the system is verified, and the verification results show that the system works normally and the output is accurate, which meets the design requirements and can be widely used.

High reliability metro integrated monitoring system based on ZigBee communication

High reliability metro integrated monitoring system based on ZigBee communication

Implementation of Low Resource Parking Information System Prototype Based on Wireless Sensor Network

In everyday life, humans need vehicles to support various activities. One thing that must be considered is the issue of parking availability in public places such as office buildings, campuses, shopping centers. In the previous technology, a parking system using automatic hydraulics was made. However, it requires a complex construction. In this study, a wireless parking availability information system was developed. This system is built using a ZigBee communication network. The installed low-cost light sensor will detect the presence or absence of a car occupying a parking slot. Then every driver who enters the parking area can find out information on parking availability. Based on the test results, the system can automatically provide information related to the status of the parking lot (filled or empty) with a sensor threshold (light intensity) of 153 cd. The maximum delay generated by the system during testing is 2.518462ms. The optimal data transmission distance is 40 meters.

Evaluation Of Mobile ZigBee Technology Performance With Simulation Techniques

ZigBee technology adaptation and use is an emerging wireless communication technology with low power consumption and long battery life. These technology applications include controlling industrial systems, automating home systems, embedded sensing, and many more. Due to ZigBee's low bit rate and low transmission rate, it is necessary to investigate how ZigBee will perform in a heterogeneous situation using a simulation approach. This paper goes on to describe the design and modelling of mobile ZigBee networks with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 nodes to evaluate and compare the performance of this wireless sensor network for star topology networks over time. For the resourceful operation of WSN, mobile ZigBee networks with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25-star topologies were considered. Certain network parameters such as throughput (bits/sec), delay (sec), end-to-end delay (sec), traffic sent (bits/sec), and traffic received (bits/sec) were explored and compared for smooth WSN operation when ZigBee communication protocol was used and modelled with the OPNET simulator. After evaluating all of the required parameters for various scenarios, an acceptable result was obtained for the mobile ZigBee WSN.

Design of a Partially Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Microgrid Using IoT Technology

This study describes the design and control algorithms of an IoT-connected photovoltaic microgrid operating in a partially grid-connected mode. The proposed architecture and control design aim to connect or disconnect non-critical loads between the microgrid and utility grid. Different components of the microgrid, such as photovoltaic arrays, energy storage elements, inverters, solid-state transfer switches, smart-meters, and communication networks were modeled and simulated. The communication between smart meters and the microgrid controller is designed using LoRa communication protocol for the control and monitoring of loads in residential buildings. An IoT-enabled smart meter has been designed using ZigBee communication protocol to evaluate data transmission requirements in the microgrid. The loads were managed by a proposed under-voltage load-shedding algorithm that selects suitable loads to be disconnected from the microgrid and transferred to the utility grid. The simulation results showed that the duty cycle of LoRa and its bit rate can handle the communication requirements in the proposed PV microgrid architecture.

Omnidirectional Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHz Wireless Communications

Antenna studies on various wireless communication systems have been carried out by many academics. In this research, the omnidirectional microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is proposed, manufactured, and tested. The operating bandwidth of the antenna is quite suitable for the different applications. The proposed antenna fabricated on the flame retardant (FR-4) substrate with a volume of 75.85 × 57.23 × 1.59 mm3. Computer simulation technology (CST) studio used to design and simulate. Experimental results show that the return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and input impedance (Zin ) are -25.26 dB, 61 MHz, 1.12 and 54.46 Ω, respectively. The antenna operates at 2.42 GHz (from 2.39 to 2.45 GHz), which has good performance in the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee communications.

ZigBee based data collection in wireless sensor networks

<p>Wireless sensor networks (WSN), referring to groups of technologies wirelessly controlled, are widely used in many different fields, agriculture, medical, military, etc. These technologies are mainly used for monitoring physical or environmental conditions, such as temperatures, sound, pressure, and so on. In WSN fields, there are technologies as Wi-Fi, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, and so on. Furthermore, there is one of this technology that offers more outstanding futures to provide more energy-saving and long distances of transmissions compared to other technologies, and that is Zigbee technology, and this had become for many applications, the first high-quality to use and consequently the most used in WSNs. In Zigbee aided WSNs, are included three main devices used to communicate data, that is a Zig-Bee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router, and ZigBee end-devices. The data sensed is transmitted from sensor nodes through coordinators to a base-station (BS), this device (coordinator), collects the data, stores it in a memory, processes, and finally forward to the next suitable nodes or the BS. This research presents the concepts and discussions of Zigbee technologies used in WSNs. Utmost ZigBee communication technologies are revised and analyzed, as well as simulation results with different scenarios are addressed comprehensively. Proposals for advance applications in WSNs are presented. Suggestions for future developments are provided</p>

Zigbee and Long-Range Architecture Based Monitoring System for Oil Pipeline Monitoring with the Internet of Things

Oil pipeline monitoring is having a significant role in minimizing the impact on the environment and humans during pipeline accidents. The real-time monitoring of oil pipelines empowers the authorities to have continuous supervision of the oil pipeline. The Internet of Things (IoT) provides an opportunity for realizing the real-time monitoring system by deploying the IoT-enabled end devices on the oil pipeline. In this study, we propose a hybrid architecture based on 2.4 GHz-based Zigbee and LoRa communication for oil pipeline monitoring. Moreover, customized end devices and LoRa based gateway are designed and implemented for sensing the critical parameters of an oil pipeline. Here, we have performed the simulation of ZigBee communication on the OPNET simulator for evaluating the parameters such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), retransmission attempts, throughput, medium access (MAC) queue size, and queue delay. Furthermore, the distinct evaluation metrics of LoRa such as bit rate, link budget, and receiver sensitivity are also included. Finally, a real-time experiment is implemented with customized end devices and a gateway for evaluating the proposed architecture. In the real-time experiment, the devices and gateway are logging the pressure sensory data into the Cayenne cloud.

Internet of Things Based Stable Increased-throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency (IoT-SIMPLE) For Health Monitoring Using Wireless Body Area Networks

Aims: This study aimed to propose a routing protocol for IoT-based WBANs that is reliable, power-efficient, and has a high throughput. Background: A variety of services and applications that use wireless connections such as LTE, 3G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee communication technologies have become popular in daily life as a result of the rapid development of network hardware technology. Remote medical monitoring and care is one such service. Governments have developed new policies in response to the healthcare needs of aging populations. Their goal is to create a comprehensive medical network based on new wireless technologies like sensor networks and cloud computing. Their purpose is to take the medical industry and the Internet of Things (IoT) to the next level of development. Objective: The goal of our proposed study is to improve the network nodes' ability to stay alive for a longer period of time and to maintain stability. A longer stability period contributes to high packet delivery of the node to the sink that enhances the efficiency of the WBAN network. Methods: The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Internet of Things (IoT) for healthcare applications has attracted attention from various fields of study in the last few years. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol for IoT-based WBANs that is reliable, power-efficient and has a high throughput. To achieve low energy consumption and a longer network lifetime, we used a multi-hop topology. To choose a parent node or forwarder, we propose a cost function that selects a parent node with the highest residual energy and the shortest distance to sink. The residual energy parameter balances energy consumption among sensor nodes, while the distance parameter ensures packet delivery to the sink. Our key goal is to increase WBAN’s total network by raising cumulative energy usage. The residual energy parameter governs the usage of energy by the sensor nodes, while the distance parameter ensures that the packet is effectively transmitted to the sink. Result: Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed protocol is energy efficient and maximizes network stability for longer periods. Conclusion: Real-time health and activity recognition with wearable sensors is a prerequisite for assistive paradigms. In this paper, we suggest a method for routing data to WBANs. The proposed scheme employs a cost function to determine the best route to the sink. The residual energy of nodes and their distance from the sink is used to calculate the cost function. Nodes with a lower cost function value are selected as the parent node. Other nodes are children nodes and send their data to the parent node. The proposed routing scheme improves network stability time and packet delivery to sink, according to our simulation results. Path loss is also investigated in this protocol and will be considered in future work.

Intelligent Mobile Coronavirus Recognition Centre Based on IEEE 802.15.4

<p class="0abstract">The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become widespread around the world. It started in Wuhan, China, and has since spread rapidly among people living in other countries. Hence, the World Health Organization has considered COVID-19 as a pandemic that threatens millions of people’s lives. Due to the high number of infected people, many hospitals have been facing critical issues in providing the required medical services. For instance, some clinical centers have been unable to provide one of the most important medical services, namely blood tests to determine whether an individual is infected with COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to present an alternative diagnosis option to prevent the further spread of COVID-19. In this paper, a proposed intelligent detection communication system (IDCS) is configured for distributed mobile clinical centers to control the pandemic. In addition, the intelligent system is integrated with the Zigbee communication protocol to build a mobile COVID-19 detection system. The proposed system was trained on X-ray COVID-19 lung images used to identify infected people. The Zigbee protocol and decision tree algorithm were used to design the IDCS. The results of the proposed system show high accuracy 94.69% and accept results according to the performance measurements.</p>

Simulating and Building an Appliance Clustering Fuzzified SVC for Single Phase System

A power system suffers from losses that can cause tragic consequences. Reactive power presence in the power system increases system losses delivered power quality and distorted the voltage. As a result, many studies are concerned with reactive power compensation. The necessity of balancing resistive power generation and absorption throughout a power system gave birth to many devices used for reactive power compensation. Static Var Compensators are hunt devices used for the generation or absorption of reactive power as desired. SVCs provide fast and smooth compensation and power factor correction. In this paper, a Fuzzified Static Var Compensator consists of Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) branch and Thyristor Switched Capacitors branches for reactive power compensation and power factor correction at the load side is presented. The system is simulated using Simulink using a group of blocks and equations for measuring power factor, determining the weightage by which the power factor is improved, determining the firing angle of TCR branch, and capacitor configuration of TSC branches. Furthermore, a hardware prototype is designed and implemented with its associated software; it includes a smart meter build-up for power monitoring, which displays voltage, current, real power, reactive power and power factor and SVC branches with TRIAC as the power switching device. Lastly, static and dynamic loads are used to test the system's capability in providing fast response and compensation. The simulation results illustrated the proposed system's capability and responsiveness in compensating the reactive power and correcting the power factor. It also highlighted the proportional relation between reactive power presence and the increased cost in electricity bills. The proposed smart meter and SVC prototypes proved their capabilities in giving accurate measurement and monitoring and sending the data to the graphical user interface through ZigBee communication and power factor correction. Reactive power presence is an undesired event that affects the equipment and connected consumers of a power system. Therefore, fast and smooth compensation for reactive power became a matter of concern to utility companies, power consumers and manufacturers. Therefore, the use of compensating devices is of much importance as they can increase power capacity, regulate the voltage and improve the power system performance.

Research on solid-state fermentation process in a closed environment with multiple interferences

A closed battery detection system consists of a semiconductor alcohol sensor, a temperature sensor, a STM32F103 microcontroller, and a Windows 10 operating system computer. The ZigBee communication and RS485 communication technology are used to detect the temperature and alcohol concentration of the Dianchi Lake online, which solves the problem of manual sampling and damage to the sealing of the Dianchi Lake. Field tests have shown that the acquisition system data meets the manual physical and chemical test data.

WITHDRAWN: Zigbee based automation systems for homes with the deployment of smart sensors

Abstract Automation of homes is the most important requirement at present as it helps to conserve almost 40% of the energy that has been consumed and in turn this facilates to reduce the toll on our electricity bill. This method of saving of energy also helps to protect our environment from major sort of emissions. The proposed kit for the above said purpose that has been developed has multiple utilities. The kit uses sensors to sense the temperature that is used for alerting the users when fire is detected, Infra Red (IR) type sensors are employed for detecting the person’s count in the room and hence switching the ON the lights in room. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is incorporated in the module for detecting the darkness and hence switching ON the light. Power sensor is deployed for detecting the consumption of power. These values are transmitted to the remote laptop by means of the zigbee communication device. Here two IR sensors are deployed to estimate the direction in which the person is crossing the room door. The zigbee transfers all the sensed data that has been sensed using the sensors instantaneously to the remote device so that a remote user can track the house from a remote location. This also enhances the requirements of security from a remote location.

ZigBee Test Performance with DHT11 Temperature sensor

This study aims to examine the ability and Performance or Quality of Services of the IEEE 802.15.4 or ZigBee Radio Frequency module on the sensor node ZigBee based. Furthermore, ZigBee's communication capabilities i.e., Tree, Star, and mesh networking were developed on the internet or Internet of Thing using RaspBerryPi 4 as the Internet Gateway. The sensors used e.g., Pulse sensor and temperature and Humidity Sensor. Moreover, the Spectrum Analyzer is used to measure the Radio Frequency Value (-dBm) per Channel (CH1 to CH12) on the Zigbee module (EDs and CN) communication at different distances,on the Mesh or Tree ZigBee Communication, ZR can be used, at Point to Point ZigBee, the role of ZR is neglected. Energy efficiency battery ZigBee sensor nodes need to be considered to obtain sensor nodes Long Life, moreover, RSSI (-dBm) is the key to the analysis of sensor node communication systems on different sensor node clustering, including Throughput, PacketLoss sensor data, and data analysis on Application Server.

The information security transmission method for intelligent examination based on ZigBee communication

Aiming at the problems of low network utilisation, poor security and high cost in the traditional intelligent test information security transmission method, a ZigBee communication-based information security intelligent detection and transmission method is proposed. Network key and connection key are realised by using asymmetric key system. Public key encryption and private key decryption are used to verify the trust centre. The sending node uses the trust centre to get the public key of the target node so as to achieve the goal of the intelligent test information security transmission. The simulation results show that the network utilisation rate is above 96%, compared with the traditional method, the index level has been significantly improved. The efficiency of the proposed method is up to 99%. In terms of cost, the proposed method has a lower cost. When the running time reaches 920 min, the cost is RMB 17,000 yuan.

The information security transmission method for intelligent examination based on ZigBee communication

The information security transmission method for intelligent examination based on ZigBee communication

Indoor environment online monitoring-based on ZigBee network

An online environmental monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network is designed to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional indoor environment monitoring system, such as the difficulty of wiring and the poor flexibility. The ZigBee communication technology, web server technology and GSM communication technology are synthesized, and the indoor temperature and humidity, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde concentration and other environmental information are collected and monitored in real time by various supporting sensors. Users can complete local and remote real-time monitoring of indoor environment by opening Web pages. When a fire or gas leak occurs, users will receive alert messages in time. Experiment show that the system has the advantages of stable operation, simple use and good flexibility, and has high practical value and wide application prospects.

Inverted F Type Antenna Design for the Cattle Activity and Estrus Detection Sensor Module

In this paper, an inverted F type antenna (IFA) for ZigBee communication of a sensor board has been designed and optimized, and it replaces the chip antenna on an RF (Radio Frequency) module that is not performing well enough for the ZigBee communication. The sensor board detects cattle behavior and identifies the breeding (estrus) period and transmits the data to the main station by the RF (Radio Frequency) module and IFA antenna. The proposed and optimized TRx (transmitting/receiving) IFA antenna of the ZigBee communication module has a return loss of −19 dB and a gain of 1.6 dB at 2.45 GHz. The size is about 2.5 × 0.5 cm in width and vertical length, and the height is 0.55 cm. The strength of signals with the chip antenna and the IFA antenna have been measured and compared. There is about a 20 dB enhancement with the IFA antenna compared to the chip antenna. The antenna is designed and applied to the RF transmission and reception (TRx) module. This antenna and sensor module can be applied to livestock in general as well as cattle.

Design of a Marine Environment Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things

Chi, H.T.; Du, Y., and Brett, P.M., 2020. Design of a marine environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 256–260. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.A good marine environment is the basis for the development and utilization of marine resources. Marine environment monitoring is an important part of marine environment protection. Therefore, the research on the marine environment monitoring technologies is of great significance. In order to realize intelligent monitoring of the marine environment, combining with the sensor technology, 4G communication technology and Zigbee communication technology, this study designed a marine environment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system is composed of three parts: the information management subsystem, the data collection subsystem and the monitoring terminal subsystem; the structural composition and main implementation technologies of each subsystem are elaborated and the functions of each module in the system are tested by experiments. The test results show that, the IoT-based marine environment monitoring system can realize the functions of collecting, receiving, sending, analyzing, processing, querying and releasing marine environment data. This study provides a technical support for China's marine environment monitoring, and has important theoretical reference value for the research of intelligent marine environment monitoring in China.

Reference Waveforms Forward Concurrent Transmissions in ZigBee Communications

The number of Internet of Things is growing exponentially, among which the ZigBee devices are being widely deployed, incurring severe collision problem in ZigBee networks. Instead of collision avoidance or packet retransmissions which introduce extra time/energy overhead, existing methods try to decompose multi-packet collision directly. For example, state-of-the-art mZig exploits collision-free chips to decompose the collided chips iteratively, however, suffers from the high bit error rate and low frame reception rate which limit the practical applications. Toward this end, we observe three major issues of existing solutions: 1) all existing solutions adopt the priori-chip-dependent decomposition pattern, leading to the error propagation; 2) the available samples for chip decoding can be scarce, resulting in severe scarce-sample errors; 3) existing solutions assume the consistent frequency offset for consecutive packets, leading to inaccurate frequency offset estimation. To solve these issues in collision decomposition, we propose FORWARD, a novel physical layer design to enable accurate collision decoding in ZigBee. The key idea is to generate all possible overlapping combinations as reference waveforms. The decomposition is determined by comparing the collided signal with the reference waveforms. Such a priori-chip-independent design has the advantages to eliminate the error propagation. To ensure sufficient samples for decoding, FORWARD always choose the longest segment as reference. Furthermore, the real-time channel estimation and frequency offset calibration ensure the accurate collision decoding. We implement FORWARD on USRP platform and evaluate its performance. Experimental results demonstrate that FORWARD reduces bit error rate by order of magnitude and increases frame reception rate by 10% ~ 50% compared with the state-of-the-art.