Abstract
This study describes the design and control algorithms of an IoT-connected photovoltaic microgrid operating in a partially grid-connected mode. The proposed architecture and control design aim to connect or disconnect non-critical loads between the microgrid and utility grid. Different components of the microgrid, such as photovoltaic arrays, energy storage elements, inverters, solid-state transfer switches, smart-meters, and communication networks were modeled and simulated. The communication between smart meters and the microgrid controller is designed using LoRa communication protocol for the control and monitoring of loads in residential buildings. An IoT-enabled smart meter has been designed using ZigBee communication protocol to evaluate data transmission requirements in the microgrid. The loads were managed by a proposed under-voltage load-shedding algorithm that selects suitable loads to be disconnected from the microgrid and transferred to the utility grid. The simulation results showed that the duty cycle of LoRa and its bit rate can handle the communication requirements in the proposed PV microgrid architecture.
Highlights
Electric power systems have been developed over the past century until they became integrated systems in terms of planning, management, operation, and control
Clean energy production is achieved through enabling renewable energy generation and integration into electrical energy systems
Power systems need to meet changes in generation profiles to create intelligent tools that rely on advanced sensors, ICT, and digital control technologies that can distribute electricity effectively, economically, and securely
Summary
Electric power systems have been developed over the past century until they became integrated systems in terms of planning, management, operation, and control. The authors of [35] designed (active-reactive power) PQ and (voltage-frequency) VF control algorithms to minimize voltage and current spikes, there predominantly appear when the microgrid is switched between grid-connected and islanded operating modes. The performance of the MPPT algorithm is commonly evaluated based on several criteria including (1) time response to rapid and slow variations in irradiance, (2) amount of power fluctuations around the maximum power point and tracking efficiency (TE) The latter parameter can be computed by [54]: PPV−avarage PPV−available where PPV-average is the average output power of the array that is collected by the tracking circuit, and PPV-available is the available power of the array at a certain level of irradiance, which is the maximum power that may be obtained and targeted by the MPPT controller
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
