Zeta Converter Research Articles

A novel interleaved BIFRED-Zeta with intelligent MPPT for PV applications

ABSTRACT The current energy perspective postulates profound presence of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), resulting in need for optimal DC-DC converter design to assure efficient power conversion and minimise losses. By minimising energy losses and improving power quality, an optimal converter design helps ensure a stable and reliable power supply from RESs, which is essential for meeting the growing demand for clean energy. Therefore, this research introduces an innovative Interleaved BIFRED-Zeta converter configuration, designed to meet all criteria associated with an optimal converter design. The interleaved architecture of converter allows the reduction of current ripples and voltage stress along with the improvement of efficiency. Furthermore, the absence of transformer in converter structure enables it to be simple, cost effective and less bulky. The Interleaved Boost Integrated Flyback Rectifier Energy Storage DC-DC (BIFRED)-Zeta converter duty cycle is adjusted continuously using Cascaded Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to further maximise Photovoltaics (PV) system power output. The capability of suggested converter design is demonstrated by the results obtained using simulation and laboratory prototype implementation. Thereby, a peak efficiency of 97.6% is estimated to be achieved using suggested converter design.

Optimized Energy Management System for Wind Lens-Enhanced PMSG Utilizing Zeta Converter and Advanced MPPT Control Strategies

This paper presents the design and analysis of an efficient energy management system for a wind lens integrated with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and a zeta converter. The wind lens, a ring-shaped structure encircling the rotor, enhances the turbine’s capability to capture wind energy by increasing the wind influx through the turbine. In the contemporary wind energy sector, PMSGs are extensively employed due to their superior performance characteristics. This study integrates a 1 kW PMSG system with a wind lens to optimize power extraction from the wind energy conversion system (WECS) under varying wind speeds. A comparative analysis of different control strategies for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is conducted, including the incremental conductance (INC) method and the perturb and observe (P&O) method. The performance of the MPPT controller integrated with the wind lens-based PMSG system is assessed based on output DC voltage and power delivered to the load. To evaluate the overall effectiveness of these control strategies, both steady-state voltage and dynamic response under diverse wind conditions are examined. The system is modeled and simulated using the MATLAB R2023a/Simulink 9.1 software, and the simulation results are validated to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed energy management system.

Closed loop battery current controlled zeta converter for improved power quality in electric vehicle charging stations

Closed loop battery current controlled zeta converter for improved power quality in electric vehicle charging stations

A new positive output DC–DC buck–boost converter based on modified boost and ZETA converters

A new DC–DC buck–boost converter with a wide conversion ratio is presented in this paper. The proposed buck–boost converter consists of a combination of modified boost converter and ZETA converter, which has the advantages of both converters such as continuous input/output current and positive polarity of the output voltage. The combination of these two converters achieves semi-quadratic voltage gain and makes the proposed converter suitable for industrial and renewable energy applications. With a voltage gain higher than that of the ZETA converter and modified boost converter, the proposed converter also reduces input current stress due to its continuity. Two operating states are available for this converter in continuous conduction mode. This converter has two switches that operate simultaneously and can be easily controlled. The converter's output voltage ripple and output capacitor current stress are reduced as a result of continuous output current. Computational analysis and the introduced structure efficiency considering the influence of parasitic elements are presented in this paper. The small signal modelling and closed-loop control, as well as simulation and experimental results are also presented. This converter has also been compared with other similar and recently presented topologies. Finally, a 40–60 W, 20–76 V for boost mode and 10 V for buck mode prototype was implemented to verify the accuracy of the computational analysis.

Design and simulation of zeta solar charge controller with artificial neural network MPPT

Fossil fuel are non-renewable energy sources with constrained reserves. This advocates renewable energy as a viable alternative for electricity generation. PV is a renewable energy source that harnesses solar energy. The current issue with PV is its low efficiency and elevated cost. Photovoltaic control devices and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mimic human neural networks in processing multiple conditions and providing solutions from current reference data to optimise photovoltaic power. This technique is known as Artifical neural network (ANN). This method uses a zeta converter to adjust the photovoltaic voltage to supply specific loads, allowing ANN to optimize power as sunlight intensity changes. In this work, a charge controller for solar applications was designed using MPPT algorithms. This is responsible for overseeing the battery circuit and producing PWM signals to regulate zeta converter according to the battery voltage. The artificial neural network (ANN) received as inputs temperature and irradiation (G). Several simulations verified the efficiency of the suggested MPPT algorithm. The Zeta solar charge controller (ZSCC) device achieved up to 92% efficiency with low irradiance. The proposed ANN-based MPPT controller and perturb-observed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm were compared in different solar insolations. The simulation results show that MPPT-ANN can track power up to 2000 Watts for a 2000 WP photovoltaic in 0.056 seconds, with no power oscillations at the MPP.

Research on Suppressing Commutation Torque Ripple of BLDCM Based on Zeta Converter

Torque ripple in a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) seriously restricts its application in high-performance fields. This paper proposes a commutation torque ripple suppression strategy based on a Zeta converter. The expected output voltage of a Zeta converter that suppresses the commutation torque ripple is obtained, according to the effect of the duty ratio of the Zeta converter on the turn-off phase freewheeling duration and the turn-on phase rising duration, during commutation. Based on the analysis of the dynamic response of the Zeta converter, the Zeta converter is adjusted to ensure that the Zeta converter reaches stability in sufficient time. During the commutation, the output voltage of the Zeta converter is connected to the main circuit to reduce the torque ripple during commutation, and the expected regulated duty cycle of the Zeta converter during the next commutation is calculated to adjust the output voltage of the Zeta converter. Based on this analysis, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

MPPT control of photovoltaic array based on improved marine predator algorithm under complex solar irradiance conditions

In practical engineering applications, factors like dust adhesion and environmental changes can cause photovoltaic arrays to exhibit multiple peaks in output power. An optimization algorithm with global optimization capability is needed to track its maximum power. In this regard, this paper proposes an improved marine predator algorithm (IMPA) to extract the maximum power point of photovoltaic system under complex solar irradiation conditions. To overcome the issues in the traditional marine predator algorithm (MPA), the opposition-based learning(OBL) strategy is introduced in IMPA, and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is integrated into the iteration stage to enhance the search ability of the algorithm. Furthermore, the low-order converter in the traditional MPPT control system is replaced by the Zeta converter, which increases the operating voltage range. Ultimately, simulation results demonstrate that the MPPT based on IMPA has higher tracking efficiency and shorter response time.The experimental results also indicate the practical feasibility of this method, as well as its high level of stability and robustness.

Intelligent MPPT for High Gain Zeta Converter for Standalone PV Application with Galvanic Isolation

In this paper, Standalone PV system is designed to operate without the need of electric utility grid which are commonly designed to supply specific DC electric loads. These type of PV system are generally powered using photovoltaic array and consist of solar charging modules, controllers and regulators. The objective of this work is to implement the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to attain constant DC link voltage of the ZETA converter. This method utilizes a ZETA converter to achieve better voltage gain and lower ripple in the output current and voltage. Using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller to operate a high frequency converter, which improves power conversion efficiency. To ensure safety and prevent electrical faults, an isolation transformer provides galvanic isolation between the high frequency converter and the PV system. Galvanic isolation avoids electrical faults from being transmitted and safeguards connected loads. The rectifier is used to supply the Direct Current (DC) load with the output from the isolation transformer. The rectifier changes the transformer’s Alternating Current (AC) output into DC current to power DC loads. An intelligent MPPT is employed to stabilize the converter’s output voltage and address the intermittent characteristics of PV, and also assists in sustaining the DC link voltage without alterations and ripples from the converter. The efficiency of this work is authenticated via MATLAB simulation 2021a.

Adaptive Sliding-Mode Controller for a Zeta Converter to Provide High-Frequency Transients in Battery Applications

Hybrid energy storage systems significantly impact the renewable energy sector due to their role in enhancing grid stability and managing its variability. However, implementing these systems requires advanced control strategies to ensure correct operation. This paper presents an algorithm for designing the power and control stages of a hybrid energy storage system formed by a battery, a supercapacitor, and a bidirectional Zeta converter. The control stage involves an adaptive sliding-mode controller co-designed with the power circuit parameters. The design algorithm ensures battery protection against high-frequency transients that reduce lifespan, and provides compatibility with low-cost microcontrollers. Moreover, the continuous output current of the Zeta converter does not introduce current harmonics to the battery, the microgrid, or the load. The proposed solution is validated through an application example using PSIM electrical simulation software (version 2024.0), demonstrating superior performance in comparison with a classical cascade PI structure.

Data-driven MPPT techniques for optimizing vehicular fuel cell performance in hybrid DC microgrid

This paper aims to apply data-driven maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques specifically tailored for fuel cell vehicle (FCV) supported hybrid DC microgrids to enhance the power harvesting capability of fuel cell (FC) stacks. Compared to existing MPPT techniques, the current study focuses on developing and evaluating data-driven approaches for maximum power extraction by dynamically determining the operating point of FC power sources through a Zeta converter. An in-depth analysis is conducted by considering parameters such as efficiency, tracking accuracy, response time, and robustness to variations in load demand and operating conditions. The performance results validate that the developed three-layer neural network (TNN)-based MPPT gives better performance findings than Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree regression (DTR), and bagging ensemble decision tree (BEDT). In the performance evaluation phase, a vehicular FC with a rating of 1.26 kW is designed and operated within the temperature range of 320 K to 343 K for hydrogen pressure values ranging from 1 bar to 1.8 bar. For these operational conditions, the prediction accuracy value of the proposed TNN method is 99.6% while the performance values GPR, SVR, DTR, and BEDT are 99%, 98.6%, 97.2%, and 96%. In addition, system efficiency is increased by 0.98%, 1.25%, 2.51%, and 3.02% compared to GPR, SVR, DTR, and BEDT, respectively.

A Novel Topology Derivation Method Revealed From Classical Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta Converters

A Novel Topology Derivation Method Revealed From Classical Cuk, Sepic, and Zeta Converters

Quadratic-Boost-Zeta Converter Based on Coat Circuit for High Voltage Gain Applications

This paper proposes a DC-DC step-up converter with a high voltage gain for solar and fuel cell systems. This converter combines a Zeta converter with one basic cell of the coated circuit and a Quadratic-Boost converter by a high-frequency transformer. The outputs of these two converters are connected in a series to boost the output voltage of the combined DC-DC converter. The proposed converter not only can achieve higher voltage gain but also acquire lower voltage stress on the semiconductor devices. Therefore, the devices with lower conduction resistances. Moreover, the circuit is made so that the outputs of each part of the converter keep the same properties as those of the converter that came before the combination, ensuring that each converter's known benefits are maintained. The proposed topology has one switch, which keeps the number of components low. The simulation of 240-watt, input voltage 30-volt, and 100kHz using the PLECS program is obtained to confirm the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.

Switched capacitor and coupled inductor based high power factor charger for E-2/E-3 wheelers

This paper introduces a modified Zeta converter topology designed specifically for charging low voltage electric vehicles (LVEVs), enhancing performance for electric two (E-2) and electric three (E-3) wheelers. Unlike traditional Zeta converter, which offers buck-boost gain, an AC-DC converter in this study, utilizes a switched capacitor configuration to efficiently step-down voltage in a single phase, bridging the gap between the AC grid and low potential battery assemblies. This design incorporates a coupled inductor structure and operates in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM), reducing the size of magnetic components and overall dimensions of converter and power factor correction (PFC) rectifier. DICM operation provides intrinsic PFC and minimizes switching losses, ensuring exceptional grid-side performance with unity power factor and minimal input current harmonic distortions, while maintaining an optimal battery charging profile. The meticulously developed hardware prototype, rated at 450 W, features precise component selection and carefully designed modes of operation. Performance analysis reveals a converter peak efficiency of 94.7 %, total harmonics distortion (THD) in input current at 2.7 % under rated conditions, and near unity power factor with zero phase displacement between input voltage and current.

Design, analysis, and implementation of a phase‐shift controlled cascaded H‐bridge and anti‐interleaved zeta converter‐based E‐bike battery charging circuitry

AbstractThe rapid extinction of the fossil fuels across the globe has led to the technological advancements in the field of renewable energy sector and the electric vehicular technology. In order to match the paradigm shift in the energy sector and the technology, the battery charging circuitry of electric vehicle (EV) led to the revolutionary changes in the field of power electronics. Accordingly, various conventional topologies of DC‐DC converters were evolved. But there are a few drawbacks such as bulkiness, nonmultiple ports, and less control over the output current ripple. This work proposes a DC‐DC converter which is a hybrid combination of the full‐bridge converter and the zeta converter. The current and the voltage reversals at the high‐frequency transformer (HFT) terminals are made steady by anti‐interleaving the zeta converters on the secondary side. The control pulses of the full‐bridge converter are phase‐shifted to have the tight grip over the output. The modes of operation of the proposed DC‐DC converter has have presented. The calculation of the energy, current, and the voltage for the active and the passive components of the proposed converter has been provided. The proposed system is simulated, and the plots of the voltages and currents of different components of the converter are presented. The converter prototype has been developed to charge a 36 V lithium‐ion battery, and the effect of the phase shift on input current can be seen from the exhaustive results. The comparison of the calculated and simulated currents and voltages has been graphically illustrated. The proposed converter provides a novel converter topology which includes better output control with phase shift and reduced size of memory elements due to high‐frequency switching.

Novel Integrated Zeta Inverter for Standalone Applications

In recent years, distributed generation systems based on renewable energy sources have gained increasing prominence. Thus, the DC/AC converters based on power electronics devices have become increasingly important. In this context, this article presents an integrated Zeta inverter for low-power conditions, which operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM), achieving efficiency greater than 95%. The proposed topology is composed of four power switches, two operating at high frequency and two operating at low frequency, i.e., at the output frequency. Compared with the topologies in the literature, these configurations make it a competitive solution from the point of view of efficiency, number of elements, and, consequently, implementation cost. The proposed converter operates as a sinusoidal voltage source for local loads and is supplied by a DC source, such as batteries or a photovoltaic array. A multi-resonant voltage controller was used to guarantee the sinusoidal voltage provided to the non-linear load while dealing with the complex dynamics of the Zeta converter in the CCM. Experimental results from a 324 W prototype show the converter’s implementation feasibility and the high efficiency of the DC/AC conversion.

Enhanced EV Battery Monitoring Using IoT with Improved SEPIC - ZETA Converter and Modified Lion Optimization for Photovoltaic Systems

The rising popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) and the increasing emphasis on sustainable transportation have highlighted the importance of advanced monitoring systems. These systems play a crucial role in providing real-time information about battery parameters to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Moreover, the integration of renewable energy sources, specifically photovoltaic (PV) systems, with EV charging infrastructure presents an exciting prospect to enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental harm. As a consequence the proposed work develops an Internet of Things (IoT) based PV fed EV charging system. The system incorporates an improved SEPIC-Zeta converter together with Modified Lion Optimization algorithm (LOA) assisted Proportional Integral (PI) controller for optimizing PV system for charging EV battery. IoT connectivity monitors parameter such as PV voltage, PV current, and State of Charge (SOC) of battery. Real-time monitoring of these parameters is achieved by leveraging sensors. The collected data is transmitted through IoT networks to a central monitoring system, enabling operators to track the performance of PV system and EV battery. This facilitates optimized energy generation, efficient battery charging and discharging, and overall system reliability. IoT-enabled monitoring system provides remote accessibility, data analytics, and the generation of alerts and notifications for timely actions. Experimental validation demonstrates that, the proposed concept enhances the monitoring capabilities, improves energy efficiency, and ensures reliable operation of EV charging infrastructure.

Evolving Power Factor Correction in Solar Water Pumping Systems through Zeta Converter-Based BLDC Motor Drives

The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of a new power conditioning system for a stand-alone solar-powered water pumping system. The system integrates a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with a Power Factor Correction (PFC) Zeta converter to improve energy efficiency and reliability. In order to power BLDC motors for water pumping applications—which are essential for irrigation in isolated locations without access to the grid—the suggested solution attempts to overcome the difficulties related to the direct use of variable solar power. The PFC Zeta converter, which is the system's central component, is made to maximize power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) panels under fluctuating solar irradiation, guarantee high power factor, and reduce harmonic distortion in the electrical grid. A BLDC motor that powers a water pump is efficiently operated by this converter, which also optimizes the DC link voltage. A BLDC motor is especially well-suited for solar-powered applications due to its increased efficiency, dependability, and longer lifespan when compared to traditional induction motors. In order to continuously modify the PV panels' operating point to the maximum power point and maximize the amount of energy they capture, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is incorporated into the PFC Zeta converter's control strategy. The BLDC motor drive control strategy is carefully designed to guarantee seamless operation and flexibility in response to the fluctuating output from the solar panels, upholding the best possible pumping action in any solar situation. The system's capacity to sustain high efficiency and power factor under a variety of operating circumstances is demonstrated by the experimental findings. When the PFC Zeta converter is used, the solar-powered water pumping system performs much better overall. It shows a notable increase in energy conversion efficiency and lowers total harmonic distortion, which prolongs the pumping system's lifespan. By offering a solid method for raising the effectiveness and dependability of solar-powered water pumping devices, this study advances the sector and holds the possibility of a long-term water supply option for agricultural irrigation in isolated locations. In addition to utilizing renewable solar energy's environmental advantages, the suggested solution tackles the real-world difficulties associated with putting dependable and effective water pumping equipment into off-grid applications.

Pure sine wave generation in battery-less solar system using advanced control through single machine

Due to the reduction of conventional energy sources, humanity faces a critical challenge, forcing innovative solutions to bridge the growing gap between energy demand and supply. Solar energy has emerged as a promising alternative, owing to its efficiency and renewable nature. Despite their benefits, conventional solar power systems face many challenges, including their reliance on battery banks, which introduce complexities and inefficiencies, such as voltage fluctuations and harmonic content. To overcome these challenges, researchers propose a novel solution: the Dual Winding Machine (DWM). This innovative system integrates motor and generator functionalities within a single machine, operating on a dual stator core to achieve synchronous operation. In contrast to traditional setups, the DWM eliminates the need for batteries during periods of low solar energy. A crucial component in this novel approach is the utilization of a Zeta converter, which adjusts the switching frequency to regulate the DC voltage and machine terminals. By doing so, the DWM maintains a constant voltage supply without relying on a battery, mitigating the fluctuations observed in traditional solar power systems. The proposed solution offers several benefits over existing strategies. Firstly, by eliminating the need for a battery, the DWM reduces system complexity and enhances overall efficiency. The absence of a battery backup also minimizes the risk of fluctuations in the inverter's input voltage and mitigates potential increases in output harmonic content. This not only improves the reliability of the solar power system but also extends the lifespan of connected machinery, such as motors and electrical devices. Furthermore, simulations conducted using MATLAB and MAXWELL programs validate the effectiveness of the DWM, confirming its ability to generate harmonic-free sine waves without relying on a battery, thus representing a significant advancement towards more sustainable and reliable solar energy solutions. In summary, the DWM presents a promising solution to the challenges faced by conventional solar power systems, offering improved efficiency, reliability, and longevity.

PV-based Performance Evaluation of Zeta and Sepic Topologies for EV Applications

In this paper, a comparative performance analysis was proposed for PV fed EV charging system for ZETA and SEPIC DC-DC converter topologies. The utilization of Electric vehicles has gained significance in recent years due to societal awareness and increasing concern for environmental sustainability. EV charging time plays a vital role in modern-day vehicle commuting with energy-efficient performance. The selection of an appropriate DC-DC converter topology plays a significant role for fast charging with improved efficiency. The paper presents an optimized parameter selection, design, simulation methodology & relative performance analysis between the ZETA and SEPIC converter topologies with and without MPPT algorithm for EV charging applications. The MPPT algorithm based on P&O and IC techniques investigates for switching time of the ZETA and SEPIC converters under standard test conditions of solar PV panel i.e., at irradiance of 1000 W/m2 and temperature of 25oC. In this article MATLAB/Simulink was developed to explore the performance of both topologies with and without MPPT approaches for battery SoC, battery voltage and charging current. The study shows that the battery charged from an SoC of 50% to 50.035% for SEPIC converter while the ZETA converter charges from 50% to 50.025% with a similar simulation time of ten seconds with Solar power input. The results demonstrate the DC-DC SEPIC converter is the best choice for EV charging applications through the PV system.

An MTPZC for the Integration of RESs using Analysis, Modeling, Control, and Implementation

This article presents a novel approach to enhance the efficiency, control, and power management capabilities of traditional Zeta Converters in renewable energy applications. The proposed particle swarm optimization (PSO)-modified three-port zeta converter (MTPZC) features a multiport structure with dedicated input ports for photovoltaic (PV) and battery sources, along with an output port. The integration of PSO optimization aims to optimize maximum power point tracking to enhance energy extraction. Extensive simulations and experimental validations showcase the MTPZC's superior performance in power extraction from both PV and Battery sources. This innovative design positions the converter as a promising solution for multiport energy conversion systems in renewable energy applications. The article contributes to the advancement of power electronics by offering improved reliability and efficiency. Simulation results, validated in MATLAB and compared with existing methods, demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 97.8%. The MTPZC outperforms existing approaches, indicating lower converter losses and highlighting its potential for practical implementation in diverse renewable energy systems.