Zaporizhia Region Research Articles

ОЦІНКА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ МАШИНОБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ОСНОВІ ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОГО ПОКАЗНИКА

Summary. One of the main factors in ensuring the energy security of a manufacturing enterprise is to reduce the energy intensity of manufactured products. The world's leading countries have significantly reduced energy consumption in recent years. And domestic enterprises, today, remain one of the least energy efficient in the world. A significant part of energy resources is spent due to depreciation of fixed assets and obsolete equipment. Today, the economical and efficient use of energy is one of the main issues that need to be solved. After all, the lower the level of use of energy resources, the more efficient the production, and the more competitive the products on the world market. Therefore, in order to assess the level of energy efficiency, we have systematized economic indicators that characterize the use of energy resources in the enterprise. Based on them, the structure of an integrated indicator of the level of energy efficiency of a machine-building enterprise is proposed. The structure includes four groups, which in turn include from two to four indicators. The first group of indicators characterizes the energy efficiency of the enterprise, the second - innovative activities in the direction of energy efficiency, the third - investment activities, the fourth - the socio-environmental consequences of the introduction of resource-saving technologies. An algorithm for determining the level of energy efficiency of machine-building enterprises based on the principles of systems analysis, which is based on integrated assessment, is also proposed. The implementation of the proposed algorithm will determine the level of energy efficiency of the enterprise and identify possible ways to reduce energy consumption. The proposed algorithm was tested at four machine-building enterprises of the Zaporizhia region and the obtained results were substantiated. It is established that the level of energy efficiency of the studied machine-building enterprises is very low. Which indicates the irrational use of energy and, accordingly, the very high energy intensity of the products.

Trends of development of hotel and restaurant economy of Zaporizhzya region in the context of strategy formation

The article substantiates the need to study trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the Zaporozhye region in the context of strategy formation. Today, the domestic hospitality industry is developing rapidly, especially in large industrial and financial centers of the country. But the significance of this segment for the domestic economy is much lower than in developed countries. It is noted that the efficiency of the hotel and restaurant industry depends on many external and internal factors that have a broad impact on the further development of the hospitality industry. The hotel and restaurant business is actively developing, finding new quality features and new impulses of its development, but in recent years a number of unresolved issues have accumulated. An analysis of the economic situation and trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the region on the basis of statistical data of the Main Department of Statistics of Zaporozhye region and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The dynamics of the number of accommodation facilities in the Zaporozhye region is studied. As a result, the following trends were identified: the number of hotel establishments in 2019 decreased significantly, due to numerous inspections and non-compliance of hotels with the European level, which led to fierce competition between the hotel industry. The offers of tourist services of Zaporizhia region for 2017-2019 are analyzed. The capacity utilization rate in 2019 is lower than in 2017-2018. This indicates not quite uneven filling of seats by seasons and the creation of a significant number of reserve seats in case of seasonal increase number of guests. It is noted that the largest number of hotels and restaurants in the region falls on Berdyansk, Melitopol districts and the city of Zaporozhye. This is due to the fact that Berdyansk and Melitopol districts are the main recreational and resort complexes in the region with the largest tourist flows. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of restaurants for 2017-2019 in the Zaporozhye region and the dynamics of restaurants in the cities of regional importance of the Zaporozhye region. It is noted that in recent years there has been a steady reduction in the network of restaurants owned by legal entities. This is due to the growing number of enterprises owned by individual entrepreneurs, as well as the closure of canteens at industrial and other facilities. Regarding the solution of problems of development of hotel economy of the Zaporozhye area it is offered to provide a number of strategic tasks. The perspective directions of development in the sphere of restaurant business in the region are generalized. There will be trends: national cuisines, companies offering craft dishes, the implementation of a healthy diet, cooking in the presence of the customer, from farm products, cooking low-calorie meals, using low-temperature modes and opening restaurants in casual format, a kind of factories and markets.

To Integrated Management and Financial Coverage for Health Care Infrastructure of Zaporizhchyna Districts

Introduction. Health care is characterized by the fact that it belongs to the major state functions and the main kinds of economic activity at the same time, as well as the fact that in contemporary conditions it provides dual-use products – use for both conventional and defense against the latest biothreats. In the course of reforming this state function in Ukraine, the main financing is provided through the National Health Service of Ukraine, where management changes relatively frequently. The purpose. Protection against biohazards, health care, health insurance requires systemic resilience and integrated management based on modern information and communication technologies. Such technologies for social insurance have been successfully developed and implemented by the V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. A specific example of Zaporizhia region shows which health facilities are without proper government support and how to anticipate and manage distributed networks on big data. In all the above issues of protection against biohazards, health care, health insurance, government institutions cannot make rational decisions without comprehensive and accurate assessment of future gains (and losses) caused by the implementation of a particular project, as well as a comparison of such gains with the present value of costs associated with this project. It is important for decision makers to measure gains and costs in the same units applying the known principle «Who canʼt measure cannot manage». Since project costs are usually measured in monetary terms, it makes sense to measure all gains in monetary terms as well. Different approaches to economic assessment of health status compare the benefits from a medical intervention with the costs of that intervention. Conclusions. Gains from medical intervention can be measured in physical units on a one-dimensional scale, monetary units, units of cardinal utility function, reflecting the multidimensional concept of health via the scalar index or key performance indicator. Nowadays multiple dimensions mentioned are gradually developing into big data for each node and link of the health care grid. Keywords: biothreats, system resilience, social insurance, health insurance, big data, distributed networks.

Dynamics of soil fertility parameters in the Zaporizhzhya region and the ways of its restoration

During 2000–2018, the results of the application of organic and mineral fertilizers in dynamics and their effect on the content of humus and nutrients in the soils of the Zaporizhzhya region were reviewed. To control the state of soil fertility use the calculation of the balance of humus and nutrients. This makes it possible to determine the extent to which the application of nutrients with fertilizers covers their removal by crop yields. Negative tendencies have been identified, which have led to the deterioration of soil fertility in the Zaporizhia region. Measures are proposed to achieve a deficit-free balance of humus and nutrients. On average, in 2000–2018, the level of mineral fertilizer application in the Zaporizhia region remained low – 38 kg/ha (nitrogen – 28 kg, phosphorus – 7, potassium – 3 kg), and manure – only 0.2 t/ha. According to the results of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the dynamics of changes in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium over the past 18 years has been determined. The average weighted content of humus in the soils in the VIII round was 3.44 %, IX – 3.52, X – 3.40, XI (2016–2018) – 3.57 %, which indicates the stability of this indicator. The weighted average nitrogen content, which is easily hydrolyzed during all rounds, has close values (83.6–90.3 mg/kg) and corresponds to a low level of its supply. The content of mobile phosphorus compounds during the VIII – IX rounds was quite stable (97.1–101.6 mg/kg), and in the X–XI rounds there was even an increase to 123.3–123.4 mg/kg. The phosphorus regime of soils is stable and corresponds to the increased level of security, except for the ninth round (average). Potassium regime of the soil for eighteen years also remains stable and refers to a high level of security (159.6–176.8 mg/kg). The balance of humus and nutrients in the soils of the region remains negative. There is a tendency of positive changes if we compare the results for the first (2003–2014) and second (2003–2018) periods. Thus, to achieve a positive balance of humus it is necessary to apply 2 t/ha of straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers and 6.4 t/ha of manure, and in 2003–2018 – respectively 2 t / ha straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 5.8 t/ha of manure. Key words: soil, balance, dynamics, humus, fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

The transition to organic farming is a matter of time given the deteriorating environmental situation in the world. At present, Ukraine is one of the most powerful producers and exporters of agricultural products in the world, and the reorientation to organic agricultural production will strengthen and consolidate its position in the world market. Today, Ukrainian farmers specialize mainly in the production of organic crop products: wheat, barley, sunflower, corn for grain, etc., because the cultivation of arable crops is less expensive. Organic farming currently accounts for about 1% of agricultural land, which, however, puts Ukraine in seventh place in the world ranking of producers of organic cereals. The regions with the highest concentration of certified lands and certified operators are Kherson, Kyiv, Odesa, Cherkasy and Zaporizhia regions. Organic farming is a promising area of investment; its development is also facilitated by joint projects of domestic producers with foreign companies. Currently, Ukraine ranks second in the ranking of countries exporting organic products to the European Union, supplying the European market with about 80 categories of goods, including value-added agro-industrial products, whose presence on the world market expands prospects for increasing production. A review of analytical data showed that the share of organic products sold in the domestic market in 2019 was only 1.54%, which is primarily due to the low solvency of the population. However, there is a gradual expansion of the domestic market for organic products. One of the problems hindering the introduction of organic technologies in production is the limited working capital of farmers, because ensuring the environmental friendliness of production requires the introduction of additional operations and strict compliance with agronomic requirements. The interest of foreign companies in large batches makes it impossible to directly supply products from small enterprises. Therefore, we consider the creation of cluster formations to be a promising direction. Key words: organic production, organic technologies, organic agriculture, grain, holding, cluster.

Correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of practically healthy men of the southern region of Ukraine

The high prevalence of pathologies of the dental and tooth-jaw system both in Ukraine and abroad requires scientists to search for new, fundamental discoveries, in particular, to identify patterns of the relationship between cephalometric and odontometric indicators within certain ethnic populations. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of the correlations of computed tomography sizes of molars with cephalometric parameters of practically healthy men in the southern region of Ukraine. 33 practically healthy men of the first mature age, inhabitants of the southern region of Ukraine (from Mykolayiv, Kherson, Odesa, Zaporizhia regions and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea) underwent cephalometry and cone-beam computed tomography followed by odontometry of molars. The correlations between odonto- and cephalometric parameters were assessed in the license package “Statistica 6.1” using non-parametric Spearman statistics. In almost healthy men of the southern region of Ukraine in the qualitative analysis of multiple nature, mostly direct reliable and medium unreliable correlations, found only between most sizes of molars on the lower jaw and the length and height of the nose. Quantitative analysis revealed the most significant correlations between computed tomography sizes of molars and face sizes (7.4 % on the upper jaw, most of which are inverse, and 13.2 % on the lower jaw, almost evenly straight and inverse). With the indicators of the skull, the relative majority of reliable, mostly inverse correlations are observed with the height of the teeth, their crowns and the length of the roots (on the upper jaw 11.4 %, on the lower jaw 5.4 %); and with indicators of the facial skull – almost evenly with the height of the teeth, their crowns and the length of the roots (on the upper jaw 6.4 %, on the lower jaw 14.6 %, in both cases mostly reverse) and with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (on the upper jaw 8.7 %, mostly reverse, on the lower jaw 11.8 %, mostly straight). The obtained results of correlation analysis of computed tomography sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators and indices confirm the population specificity of the features of the dental system and are necessary for the correct construction of regression models.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF EDUCATION IN ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION OF THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY

The article presents the theoretical basis of the formation of education in the Zaporizhia region in the late eighteenth - early twenty-first century. The relevance of this study is substantiated, the scientific directions of research of the history of education in the Zaporizhia region of the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XXI century are singled out. The results of the analysis of historical researches which contain regional factual and historical material are given.Ukraine is a country that has grown and developed for many centuries. There were many ups and downs in our history. One of the most pressing issues at any time was the issue of education. Our own history is closely linked to the history of education and its development. Serious transformations in people's everyday life also affected education. As an independent state, we must remember and not forget our roots.Considerable attention in the article is paid to the coverage of the process of origin of schools in Oleksandrivka, Berdiansk and Melitopol districts of Ekaterinoslav province. The factors influencing the development of public education in the Zaporizhia region of the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XXI century are determined. On the initiative of M. Korph about 70 schools were opened in Oleksandrivsk district (now the territory of Zaporizhia region).M. Korph has a leading role in the formation and development of public education in Zaporozhia region. An outstanding teacher was one of the first in Russia to demand universal compulsory primary education in the native language. He opened schools in Alexander Region and became an initiator and organizer of teachers' congresses. At the same time M.Korph was the first in the Zaporozhia region who raises the establishment of a secondary school and craft school.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

The article deals with the features of the location of agricultural production in the spatial dimension. It is established that the main indicators illustrating the level of regions’ socio-economic development are: the region’s share in the gross domestic product formation, the region’s share in national production (certain types), the concentration ratio, gross output at constant per capita prices population, employment rate in terms of sectors of the economy etc. It is proved that the highest level of development is mainly in the industrial regions of Ukraine (the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Kharkiv region, the Zaporizhia region, the Kyiv region and Kyiv itself). It is determined that the largest share of agricultural industry in the of gross regional product structure have traditional agricultural regions of Ukraine – the Vinnytsia region , the Kyiv region, the Poltava region, the Cherkasy region. It is calculated the generalizing coefficient of district specialization of agricultural production, according to which 9 regions of Ukraine have a high degree: the Vinnytsia region, the Zhytomyr region, the Kirovohrad region, the Sumy region, the Ternopil region,the Kherson region, the Khmelnytsky region, the Cherkasy region, the Chernihiv region.

Risk factors of cardiovascular disease nowadays

The article analyzes the incidence of the population of Ukraine and the Zaporozhye region by class of diseases of the cardiovascular system, studied the structure and causes of mortality from CVD, cardiovascular disease risk factors.It is established that the number of adults who have diseases of the cardiovascular system in Ukraine has reached 26,4 million (58% of the population), more than 400 thousand. people die every year, about 14-15 people out of every 10 thousand adults become disabled. It was found that urban residents of the Zaporozhye region more often than rural (1,3 times, p <0,05) have CVD, and in Melitopol, Zaporozhye, Bilmatsky, Orekhovsky, Veselovsky and Berdyansky districts the incidence rate exceeds the national rate. In V-Belozersky, Zaporozhye, Mikhailovsky, Rozovsky and N-Nikolaevsky areas high levels of morbidity on a hypertensive disease with excess of republican level within 1,5-3,5 times (р<0,05) are registered. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was in line with the national trend, but in 19 districts of the Zaporizhia region the prevalence of strokes was 2,5 times (р<0,05) higher than the Ukrainian average; and in 11 - the prevalence of myocardial infarction exceeded the national level. In the structure of causes of death from CVD, the share of coronary heart disease was 68,9%; cerebrovascular disease – 19,7%, strokes - 8.3%; myocardial infarction (all forms) – 2,5%.Adverse demographic situation inUkraine, including Zaporozhye region is largely due to cardiovascular diseases, which significantly affect the main indicators of public health. A stable increase in the general mortality rate and a decrease in life expectancy are of serious concern and indicate the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures. First of all, preventive measures should be planned in those areas of the Zaporizhzhya region, where the incidence and mortality rates exceed the average regional and republican indicators. These are such cities of Zaporozhye, Melitopol, Energodar and such regions Rozovsky, Tokmack, Zaporizhia and B-Belozersky areas.

Проблеми та перспективи розвитку мисливського туризму в Україні

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of the hunting tourism development in Ukraine. Within the study, it was found out that hunting tourism as a specific type of tourism is developing rapidly in many countries around the world, including Hungary, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Austria, Romania, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Botswana, Canada, Argentina, and others. This field is closely linked to the activities of many industries, and its development contributes to the creation of new jobs, differentiation of the national economy, rational use of natural resources and increase in the amount of financial revenues to the state and local budgets of these countries. Favorable natural conditions, diversity of wildlife, convenient geographical location and acceptable pricing policy create good conditions for the potential development of hunting tourism in Ukraine. Today, hunting tours to the Western regions of our country are in demand. A few years ago, tours to Kharkiv and Zaporizhia regions, as well as to the Crimea were quite popular among hunters. However, hostilities in eastern Ukraine, loss of territorial integrity of the state, as well as adverse social and economic situation significantly reduced the number of hunting tours to these regions. Today, domestic hunting tourism is a solitary tour, and therefore systematic hunting tourism is not discussed. We believe that successful development of this type of tourism is also hindered by many of the problems inherent in the hunting industry. These are the imperfection of the legal framework, low number of hunting animal species, lack of adequate infrastructure, services, related services, insufficient number of specialists, imperfect marketing policy and, as a consequence, loss of the hunting industry. Addressing these problems is a prerequisite for the successful development of hunting tourism.

Development of strategy for development of machine-building enterprises of Kharkiv region

The article determines that the machine-building enterprises of the Kharkiv region, which in recent years have undergone structural changes, have been affected by the development of information technology at enterprises, dramatically changing the conditions of enterprises. This forces enterprises to look for effective development strategies aimed not only at implementing their social functions, but also at increasing the degree of their independence and economic independence. Despite the significant scientific achievements of strategy theory and modeling of management processes, it should be noted that some of their important aspects remain underdeveloped. Thus, most theories of strategy go beyond its understanding as a means of maintaining competitive advantage, leaving uncertain questions about the activities of the monopolist. Accordingly, there is no holistic scientific concept of the strategy of development of machine-building enterprises. Kharkiv region is one of the leaders in domestic machine building, Kharkiv region enterprises account for 11.5% of the volume of machine building products of Ukraine, which brought the region to the 2nd position among the regions (after Zaporizhia region). In January-November 2020, machine-building enterprises sold products worth UAH 17.4 billion, which is 11.2% of industrial sales. With this in mind, state-owned machine-building enterprises will have to build their own management strategy taking into account the modern requirements of socio-economic development. It is believed that the underdeveloped system of corporate governance is one of the main reasons for the low efficiency of public entities. Defects in corporate governance lead to: - distortion of information due to the low level of transparency of business entities; - the emergence of a conflict of interest of management and the subjects of management of state property, due to the non-transparent process of appointment of management and inefficient remuneration system; - Lack of corporate governance structures such as supervisory boards and independent directors, who should effectively supervise the activities of business entities; - inconsistencies between the goals set for business entities and the lack of a clear distinction between commercial and non-commercial (socio-political) functions of business entities. This fully applies to state-owned machine-building enterprises. After all, in modern conditions, these enterprises function as government units. In the conditions of transformation of the domestic market of the machine-building enterprises the use of resources uniting the software of foreign manufacturers with domestic becomes important. Therefore, the formation of enterprise development strategy is inextricably linked with modeling the behavior of certain models with specified parameters for further effective operation of the system as a whole.

Regional Aspects of Rapeseed Production

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main production and economic indicators of rapeseed production. The tendencies and changes of production indicators of rapeseed in the Zaporozhye region in the conditions of development of the domestic agrarian market are revealed. The share of rapeseed production in the Zaporozhye region in the total production of this crop in Ukraine is shown. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare production and economic indicators of rapeseed production in Ukraine and in the Zaporozhye region. Research methods - system generalization, abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, graphic. Research results. Rapeseed production is important for the strategic development of Ukraine's economy in general, and its regions in particular. This is confirmed by the increase in sown areas in Ukraine on average in 3 years in 3.6 times, in the Zaporozhye region - in 2.8 times. Leaders in terms of rapeseed cultivation are Odessa, Kherson, Nikolaev regions, whose share in the overall structure is from 7 to 16%. Trends in rapeseed production have a number of differences at the national and regional levels. Zaporizhia region is not one of the leaders in rapeseed production in Ukraine, as the share of gross rapeseed harvest in the region is 5%. However, productivity in the region is 2 times higher than the average in Ukraine due to increased crop yields. Conclusions. Rapeseed production is increasing throughout Ukraine, 98% of the gross harvest is provided by agricultural enterprises, 2% is grown by households. High demand for rapeseed products of domestic enterprises of the oil and fat complex, stable market price, export potential create the necessary conditions for the organization of efficient production of this crop. The factor restraining production in households is the technological feature of growing and harvesting. There is a tendency to expand the area under this crop in the Zaporozhye region, and productivity growth is provided by irrigation.

Production tests of the experimental sample of the universal flow distributor of stem materials from rolls on the basis of the KTU 10A feed distributor

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the technological process of distribution of stem roll materials for feed and bedding on cattle farms with the use of universal technical means based on the feeder type KTU-10. Methods. Analysis of technological processes of distribution of stem materials for feed and litter for cattle. Experimental planning method and experimental calculation method. Results. In ZRCML NSC “IAEE” together with LLC “Orikhivsilmash” made an experimental sample on the basis of the feeder type KTU-10 with new working bodies of the current principle of action for small-volume separation and delivery of rolled stem forage and litter materials. It was tested on an existing dairy farm for 356 dairy cows with loose-box technology of keeping animals of LLC “40 years of Agro” in the village Smyrnove, Bilmatskyi district, Zaporizhia region. The use of a universal distributor based on KTU-10A on a farm for 350 cows in comparison with the Siloking Compakt mixer (10 m3) will reduce capital investment by 76.9%, specific fuel costs by 28.5%, specific operating costs by 29.5%. The estimated annual economic effect from the use of a streaming distributor when servicing 100 cows is UAH 121.3 thousand. Keywords: rotary and bitters working bodies, streaming distribution, forages, bedding, rolls, bales

М’ясна продуктивність молодняку овець різного походження

Meat quality and slaughter indices of sheep depend primarily on breed peculiarities and are connected with age, fatness, sex, feeding and keeping conditions. According to the pre-slaughter mass, slaughter mass and mass of paired carcass, crossbred animals exceed their pure-bred counterparts. Experimental work was сonducted at Terra Rich LLC in the Pologivskyi district of Zaporizhia region. Tupping rams (Rom) and Hisar (H) were used on ewes of the Romanivska breed. Two groups of cowslip were formed: a control from purebred animals of the Romanivska breed (Rm × Rm) and experimental crossbreed with Hisar (Rm × H). Control slaughter of young rams was performed in accordance with the method of estimating the slaughtering performance (meet productivity) of sheep at 8 months of age. The morphological composition of the carcasses was determined by the results of the deboned half-carcass after 24-hour cooling to determine the dressing percentage of pulp, bones and fat. The chemical composition was determined in the average meat sample, in the longest muscle of the back (mus. longissimus dorsi) the amount of intramuscular fat was determined with the subsequent caloricity count of the meat. Crossbreed animals had higher indices of productivity than the pure-bred born in the same year of the Romanivska breed. The pre-slaughter live weight of crossbreed animals was greater by 29.2 %; slaughter weight – by39.7 %. Dressing percentage of the crossbreed animals was 47.4 %, and in pure-breds – 43.8 %. The crossbreed animals had absolute preference of varietal cuts: meat of the first сlass – 94.57 %, of the second – 5.43 %, in purebreds – 91.60 and 8.40 %, respectively. The preference for purebred Romanivska sheep on the caloricity of the muscle tissue was 8.7 %. In carcasses of crossbreed young animals, the relative mass of muscle tissue was 78.8 %, bones – 21.2%, versus 73.3% and 26.7 %, respectively, in purebred counterparts. The pulpiness ratio for crossbreed young rams was 3.7 and for purebred young rams was only 2.7. The positive effect of crossbreeding on the meat productivity of young animals has been established. Crossing the ewes of the Romanivska breed with the tupping rams of the Hisar breed can be successfully used in commercial sheep raisings.

Regional settlement systems in Ukraine: features of development in terms of decentralization reform

Administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine is an extremely important stage in the development of our country. Decentralization creates new challenges for the regions, gives local authorities new powers, duties and responsibilities. For a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities and prospects of decentralization reform, it is important to analyze the existing world experience in implementing of the similar regional development programs in different countries. The implementation of such reforms in highly developed and developed countries is usually more successful than in developing countries, mainly due to the unpreparedness of local governments to the transformation of socio-political relations. Domestic and foreign scholars who have researched the course of decentralization reform in Ukraine note that it is extremely important to make appropriate changes to the Constitution of Ukraine and consolidate them at the highest state level. Decentralization reform, of course, cannot be considered as a universal tool for solving all existing problems of Ukraine, but it is an extremely important step towards comprehensive development of our country, taking into account the needs of the state and regions, the specifics of each, and the possibility for more effective implementation of regional policy measures by expanding the powers of local authorities. Thus, according to the new division, the largest districts in terms of population, the centers of which are the largest cities in Ukraine: Kharkiv, Odesa and Dnipro, which account for 4.8%, 3.8% and 3.2% of the population of the country's districts, respectively. Zaporizhia district of Zaporizhia region, Lviv district of Lviv region account for 2.4-2.1% of the population. Based on the cluster analysis of 119 newly formed districts of Ukraine by the Ward method, according to 24 indicators as of 2020, 8 clusters were identified. Cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine by a similar method according to the level of urbanization allowed to identify 6 clusters. The established features should be taken into account in forming plans and programs of regional development, which should be scientifically substantiated, take into account the peculiarities of decentralization of power and contribute to improving the level and quality of life of the population.

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ АГРОТУРИЗМУ В ЗАПОРІЗЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

The purpose of the study is to determine the prerequisites for the formation of agritourism in the Zaporozhye region, to identify the features of territorial organization and understanding of its regional uniqueness. Research methods and techniques. The study of the territorial organization of agritourism at the regional level is based on two methodological approaches: dialectical and territorial. At the analytical and synthetic stages, the methods of correlation analysis and cartographic modeling, the comparative-geographical method and the method of computer technologies were used. Results. The region has a strong tourist and resource potential for the development of agritourism - in fact, in every district of the region there are rural green estates and tourist attractions. It is proved that the maximum effect of sustainable development can be achieved only if agritourism develops not spontaneously, but within the framework of relevant programs of state, interregional and regional significance. Otherwise, local projects in the field of agritourism in the current conditions of lack of financial resources will be slowed down by uncontrolled development. The idea of the role of rural (green) tourism in the conditions of reset of national and regional recreation caused by the planetary pandemic is deepened and the laconic map of the spatial organization of rural (green) tourism of the region is offered. The practical significance of the study lies in the implementation of its results in the educational process (in teaching courses "tourism organization", "excursion activities", "rural green tourism organization") at geographical, historical faculties of higher education institutions of Ukraine) and the use of article materials in travel companies , excursion establishments and public associations of Ukraine, in strengthening public attention to modern types of recreation and features of their organization. Scientific novelty. The main trends and features of territorial location of agro-villages in accordance with the tourist and recreational potential of Zaporizhia region are highlighted, a cartographic model of spatial organization of rural (green) tourism in the region is introduced.

First record of Embolemus tauricus (Hymenoptera: Embolemidae) at continental Ukraine

Embolemidae is a small family of chrysidoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) understudied in Ukraine. The cosmopolitan genus Embolemus is shown comprising only 32 extant and 2 fossil species in the world fauna: the actual check-list for the genus is given. Only two species had been previously registered in Ukraine. Embolemus ruddii was recorded at Western Ukraine and Crimea, and E. tauricus was described from Crimea based on a single specimen collected at 1910. In present contribution E. tauricus is recorded for continental Ukraine for the first time from the Zaporizhia Region. The specimen collected almost fully correspond to the original description of the species, differing only in the small features of coloration. The habitat of E. tauricus is briefly described.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНІ ВІДМІНИ РІВНЯ ЗНАНЬ ВИПУСКНИКІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ

A mathematical model for determining the knowledge level of graduates of general secondary education institutions is proposed based on statistics that reflect the results of external independent testing. On the basis of this model, the knowledge level of graduates in each subject was determined separately and summarized in the whole by regions of Ukraine, as well as by profile of education in general educational institutions and types of settlements in which the educational institution was located. Territorial differences in the knowledge level of graduates in the regions of Ukraine have been traced. In 2018, 185349 graduates of general secondary education institutions participated in the EIT. The highest number of graduates who participated in the EIT was observed in Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, Kharkiv and Odessa regions, and the smallest in Chernivtsi, Sumy, Kirovograd, Ternopil and Luhansk regions. The average level of knowledge in Ukraine is 47.3 points, which is extremely low, since on aver­age graduates receive less than half of the points. Students demonstrate the highest level of knowledge of foreign languages and Ukrainian language and literature, and the lowest level of knowledge of physics and mathematics. Based on EITs, graduates of the Physics and Mathematics profile and Foreign Philology profile demonstrate the best knowledge level, while students of Biology and sports training profiles demonstrate the lowest level of knowledge. Graduates who have studied in urban settlements are better at EIT than graduates from rural settlements. Based on the calculated knowledge level of graduates, we have identified 4 types of regions: above the aver­age level of knowledge – city Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Sumy, Ternopil regions; average level of knowledge – Volyn, Cherkasy, Kyiv, Poltava, Khmelnytsky, Chernihiv, Vinnytsia, Dnipropetrovsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhia regions; below the average level of knowledge – Zhytomyr, Kirovograd, Lugansk, Odessa, Rivne. Mykolaiv, Kherson regions; low level of knowledge – Chernivtsi and Transcarpathian regions.

Determination of economic efficiency of using biogas in the conditions of industrial enterprises

To determine the efficiency of biogas use in the existing industrial enterprises of the metallurgical industry of Ukraine and Zaporizhia region, in particular, the basic economic indicators of conversion of standard furnace equipment to biogas mixtures from various derivatives and sources available in the region are calculated. The technical feasibility and economic feasibility of using biogas mixtures as an alternative fuel for energy supply of thermal and heating furnaces of industrial enterprises on the example of a real object are determined. It is shown that to use low-calorie fuel in power equipment, taking into account its quality indicators, it is expedient both separately and in combination with traditional energy sources. It is revealed that the economic indicators of projects for the introduction of biogas technologies at metallurgical enterprises differ depending on many initial conditions, such as: sources of origin and chemical composition of biogas; characteristics of power equipment that is converted to such fuel; the proportion of natural gas substitution in the fuel mixture; etc. Based on the trend of constant growth in the cost of traditional energy resources, the introduction and use of their alternative and renewable counterparts in energy-intensive metallurgical enterprises is relevant and, with the right approach, cost-effective Keywords: energy efficiency, biogas technologies, biogas, natural gas, purification, enrichment, industrial furnaces, economic feasibility

About technical and economic indicators of wind and photoelectric stations use in the systems of network consumer railway supply systems

Purpose. To analyze the technical and economic indicators of the use of wind and photovoltaic stations in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway power grids. The research methodology is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology. Findings. The authors analyze the current prerequisites for the use of electricity generated from renewable sources (wind and photovoltaic stations) to supply non-traction consumers of railway power grids. The authors note that for reliable power supply to non-traction consumers in the presence of accidental wind flow or intensity of solar radiation, the capacity of wind and photovoltaic plants will need to be significantly overestimated, which leads to a significant increase in capital costs for construction. The paper presents examples of implementation of options for the construction of the above wind and photovoltaic stations for the variable nature of wind speed and intensity of solar radiation for specific regions of Ukraine (Vasylivka, Zaporizhia region). The authors present variants of the basic schemes of wind, solar and combined electric power supply systems for non-traction consumers. Information on technical and economic indicators of the most common domestic photo modules and wind turbines on the Ukrainian market is provided. The originality of the work is reflected in the examples of the introduction of options for the construction of wind and photovoltaic stations for the variable nature of wind speed and intensity of solar radiation for specific regions of Ukraine. Practical implications. The above calculation of the cost of the required number of power sources at wind, solar and combined power plants helps to choose the least expensive option for the introduction of renewable energy sources for non-traction consumers of railway networks. Keywords: renewable energy sources, photovoltaic installation, railway power supply networks, non-traction consumers of railway power grids, electricity production, solar radiation intensity, wind flow rate, capital expenditures.