Youthful Appearance Research Articles

Simultaneous Surgery for Contouring the Prominent Zygoma and Mandibular Angles With Facelift in Middle-Aged Patients.

As the pursuit of higher self-attractiveness grows, an increasing number of middle-aged people are unsatisfied with their facial contour and required osteotomy. However, for these patients, performing osteotomy only would accelerate the aging process. Herein, the authors put forward simultaneous surgery for contouring the prominent zygoma and mandible with facelift for elderly patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A with prominent mandible, group B with protruding zygoma, and group C with prominent mandible and zygoma. By implementing intraoral incision, outer cortex grinding, mandibular angle curved osteotomy, and reduction malarplasty were performed. Through facelift incision, the zygomatic arch was reduced and facelift was conducted. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months and were asked to evaluate their experience. From March 2009 to January 2018, a total of 55 patients received the surgery: 17 patients received mandibular angle osteotomy and facelift, 22 received malarplasty and facelift, and 16 underwent mandible and zygoma contouring and facelift. The recovery process was uneventful, with only 2 patients in group A and 1 patient in group C who suffered from a hematoma, which relieved without surgical intervene. The postoperative images showed smoother facial contours. Patients were satisfied with surgical outcomes. Significant improvements were seen comparing pre- and postoperative photos. Conducting osteotomy and rhytidectomy concurrently results in smooth facial contour and youthful appearance which improves patients' self-image and contributes to high patients' satisfaction. With a low complication rate and no long-term complication, the surgery is safe to perform. Level IV, the case study.

Autoaugmentation mastopexy using the double-flap technique

Breast drooping usually results from two concomitant factors: breast parenchymal involution, which leads to volume loss, altogether with a progressive laxity of the skin envelope which becomes inelastic and flabby (means so loose). The authors propose a double-flap technique which includes transposition of inferiorly based dermoglandular tissue underneath a superiorly based flap to achieve a central projection and upper fullness altogether with raising the inframammary crease. From May 2016 to November 2018, 25 patients underwent a double-flap autoaugmentation mammoplasty performed by the authors. Ages ranged from 25 to 45 years. All patients were nonsmokers and had body mass indexes (BMI) of less than 30. The mean follow-up period was 18 months All cases have had grade III breast ptosis with a broad-base, flappy breasts with deficient central projection. All patients aimed at having an augmented, elevated breast without insertion of a silicon implant. A total of 23 cases showed a significant improvement in breast contour and central projection, with overall satisfaction to both patient and surgeon. Two cases progressed to an implant augmentation subsequent to the mastopexy. One patient had postoperative seroma that were managed with frequent aspirations. The nipple areola complex (NAC) wounds passed smoothly in all cases without any complications regarding the vascularity or wound infection. The double-flap autoaugmentation mastopexy is a method of breast reshaping that adopts a concept of glandular rearrangement. In properly selected patients with adequate breast volume and moderate skin elasticity, with mild to moderate ptosis, who refuse a prosthetic implant insertion, this procedure safely and adequately restores the youthful conical breast appearance. Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.

What do men want? A gender-specific approach to male facial rejuvenation

Men are a small, but growing, segment of the non-surgical facial rejuvenation patient population. Men seek treatment for a variety of reasons, including seeking a more youthful and masculine appearance, and, most often, seek treatments to improve their hairline, periocular area and jawline. Sexual dimorphism in the human face dictates a different approach to male facial rejuvenation and revolumisation. Approaches to the upper, mid and lower face with neurotoxins and dermal fillers are discussed, with an emphasis on masculising and not feminising the male patient.

Surgical Method of a Corner Mouth Lift.

Background:The mouth and perioral area play a primary role in emotional expression, and these are among the most important areas projecting youth and attractiveness. A downturned corner of the mouth presents negative feelings such as sadness, depression, and tiredness. A corner mouth lift (CML) may restore more attractive and youthful appearance, which can favorably affect first impression, self-esteem, and the quality of life in patients.Methods:From December 2016 to September 2018, 498 patients underwent a CML. There were 434 women and 64 men. The mean age was 38.99 years (19–63 years) and 34.19 years (21–67 years) in female and male patients, respectively. A total of 432 cases (86.7%) were primary surgical cases, whereas 66 (13.3%) were secondary cases. There were 178 patients (35.7%) who only underwent CML, whereas the remaining patients (64.3%) underwent the CML contemporarily with other perioral surgery such as subnasal lift.Results:Most patients were satisfied with the results. However, some patients showed unsatisfactory outcomes such as hypertrophic scar, asymmetry, persistent swelling, or undercorrection. The most common complaints immediately after surgery were swelling and bruise, which were improved spontaneously within 1–2 weeks. Postoperative scar and undercorrection were the most common complications that required revision surgery.Conclusions:CML showed reliable and satisfactory outcomes in most patients. It could be a good option for patients who desire CML regardless of their age.

Gravity in Midfacial Aging: A 3-Dimensional Study.

Volume loss and volume descent are complementary aspects of facial aging, although the respective contribution of each is unclear. The aim of this study was to quantify in 3 dimensions the effects of gravity on the midface in both upright and supine positions in an older and a younger group of patients. A prospective study was undertaken of 53 female patients who had not undergone treatment with dermal fillers or facial cosmetic surgery. Three-dimensional photography with a VECTRA H1 camera (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) was taken in supine and sitting positions. Volume shifts and displacement of structures in 3 dimensions were measured and analyzed. Morphologically, upon shifting from sitting to supine position, the tail of the brow elevated, the tear trough filled, the buccal and malar fat shifted posteriosuperiorly, the earlobe decreased in height, the nasiolabial folds and marionette lines diminished, the modiolus shifted laterally, and the jowl diminished. Volumetric analysis revealed that the infraorbital region increased in volume by a mean [SD] of 0.59 [0.55] mL, the tear trough by 0.22 [0.19] mL, and the malar region by 1.2 [1.06] mL. With subjects in the supine position, all facial topographic landmarks displaced significantly from sitting position. Facial aging in this cohort was predominantly due to tissue descent rather than volume loss. Reversal of the gravitational force restores the 3D position of the facial subunits and leads to volumization in desirable locations that approximates a more youthful appearance. The volume restored via redistribution of facial fat is comparable to that typically injected during direct volume transfer procedures.

An Ocimum basilicum Extract Containing Rosmarinic Acid Restores the Disruption of Collagen Fibers Caused by Repetitive UVA Irradiation of Dermal Fibroblasts.

Photoaged skin is characterized by the appearance of pigmented spots such as solar lentigos, deep wrinkles and sags, and progresses due to chronic sun exposure. Among the wavelengths of sunlight, UVA is responsible for the appearance of wrinkles and sags that originate from structural alterations in the dermis of photoaged skin such as the depletion of collagen fibers. Thus, improving and restoring collagen fibers is an effective approach to reduce skin photoaging and maintain a youthful appearance. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of an extract of Ocimum basilicum (OC), which contains rosmarinic acid (RA), as an anti-photoaging material focusing on the capacity to restore collagen fibers that are disrupted due to intracellular oxidative stress. In spite of their relatively low capacities for chemical scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both OC and RA showed efficient removal of biological oxidative stress by reducing levels of intracellular ROS and carbonylated proteins (CPs) in fibroblasts following exposure to single or repetitive UVA irradiations. Fibroblasts irradiated with repetitive UVA as a model for chronic sun-exposed cells showed significant increases in matrix metalloproteinase-1 and decreases in type I collagen synthesis and formed reduced numbers of collagen fibers. Since both OC and RA restored the adverse phenomena caused by repetitive UVA irradiation, we conclude that OC containing RA is an effective anti-photoaging material.

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of bee venom as cosmetic active

Objective: Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a treatment for facial skin through a cream which contains Bee Venom (BV). Methods: BV was added to a cream for treating facial skin as an active component. Dosification of the melittin contents of BV was previously done. A medical cosmetologist performed the skin evaluation of 30 volunteers, who passed a BV irritation test and non-inclusion criteria. The clinical evaluation was carried out by evaluating the appearance of the state of skin by means of different indexes and quantifying fifteen attributes of the skin with 9-point scales, before starting the treatment, at 14 and 28 days. Results: Participants were sorted in two clusters (C1 and C2) taking into account their skin state at the beginning of the study. Clusters were differentiated in age and photodamage, resulting that C2 participants were with better skin conditions. During treatment, both clusters increased their hydration, smoothness, firmness, lightness, youthful appearance, healthy appearance and general state of the skin. Moreover, C1 presented a decrease in depth of facial wrinkles and C2 an increase in elasticity and facial oval definition. The volunteers showed an excellent tolerance to treatment and high scores of satisfaction. Conclusion: The methology that was used resulted suitable in classifying facial skin of the volunteers as well as assessing the treatment outcomes using a cream with BV during 28 days. The BV, as an active cosmetic, contributed to improve the state of facial skin.

Neck Revitalization with Suture Suspension and Adipocytolysis

A demand for a youthful appearance is progressively evolving with multitude aesthetic procedures and techniques designed for clinical developments of facial and neck rejuvenation and contouring.

Reflections on appearance and attractiveness in the opinions of elderly women and men

An observable feature of post-modernity is the social pressure that forces women and men, regardless of age, to accept the criteria for classifying and valuing the body in the context of a strongly rooted cult of attractiveness, with a youthful appearance at its center, and which is promoted by the mass media. While it is more realistic for younger people to meet these expectations, there can be many difficulties for those who experience progressive body aging. This article presents an analysis of statements made by elderly women and men, in which they share their definitions of attractiveness in general, as well as their opinions on the attractiveness of their appearance and how they evaluate it. The point of reference for these reflections is Catherine Hakim’s concept of erotic capital, in which the attractiveness of an individual is understood in a multidimensional way – including physical appearance, biogenic features, personality traits, and the demographic and social conditions of someone’s image. We are also based on the gendered age approach, i.e. femininity and masculinity are analyzed in the context of the desired appearance in relation to age (here, an old woman and an old man). The collected material leads to the conclusion that, to some extent, seniors have internalized social expectations concerning the appearance of the body of contemporary man, including the appearance of their aging bodies. However, the age of the respondents makes them pay attention to many more elements of human attractiveness than just physicality. Their gender also differentiated their views.

A mini review on the common methods of pain reduction before filler and botulinum toxin injection.

As the desire for beauty and youthful appearance has increased in recent years, cosmetic injections are getting more attention. However,patients discomfort during these injections is achallenging issue. This review explores common approaches to reduce pain and discomfort during cosmetic injections through the available literature. The eligible studies through searching in PubMed have been entered to evaluate the common methods of pain reduction for cosmetic injections. According to reviewed studies, vibration, local anesthesia, and vapocoolant anesthesia are common methods applied in order to reduce pain and discomfort in patients. All of these methods are able to reduce pain through their affects on neuron fibers. It seems that all common approaches can result in some amountof pain reduction. Using a combination of these methods during injections, practitioners can successfully reduce the pain of injection.

Evolution of the use of antioxidants in anti‐ageing cosmetics

Skin health and beauty are a cornerstone of general well-being in humans. Anti-ageing cosmetics are used to provide a healthy and youthful appearance. Among the different cosmetic actives, antioxidants are incorporated in anti-ageing products due to their beneficial effects in preventing and minimizing the signs of skin ageing. This work aims to understand how anti-ageing formulations changed in the past 7years regarding pure antioxidants composition. Data were collected from anti-ageing formulations commercialized in main stores and pharmacies in the Portuguese market. The study started on 2011 and was updated with products launched or whose composition has been renewed on 2013, 2015 or 2018. Ascorbic acid and tocopherol and their derivatives were consistently the most used antioxidants in anti-ageing formulations; followed by niacinamide and retinyl palmitate. Seven ascorbic acid derivatives are currently used in anti-ageing formulations while only three tocopherol derivatives were identified in this study. Several combinations of antioxidants were routinely found, mainly tocopherol (or tocopherol derivatives) with other antioxidants and tocopherol with tocopherol derivatives. We have not identified emerging antioxidants with great impact in anti-ageing formulations even though niacinamide and retinyl palmitate exhibited over 10% more usage in 2018. This insight is relevant to the cosmetic industry providing a better understanding of the scientific-based formulation of modern cosmetics and supports the need for innovative antioxidants in anti-ageing cosmetics.

Satisfaction in Patients After Rhinoplasty Using the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation Questionnaire.

IntroductionRhinoplasty is a challenging procedure. The goal of the surgery is not only to restore the function and youthful appearance of the nose but also to improve quality of life. With the passage of time, the trend has been changing rapidly from more invasive to less invasive procedures. Although the technical aspects of rhinoplasty are important, patient satisfaction is the factor that dictates the success of the procedure.Materials and methodsA total of 118 rhinoplasties were performed in our department between 2016 and 2018. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was used to study the patients' satisfaction level. Ninety out of 118 patients took part in this study. Rhinoplasty was done using an open technique in all cases. The ROE questionnaire was filled preoperation and six months postoperation. Data analysis was done using SSPS statistic version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US).ResultsThe main reasons for rhinoplasty in our patients were: aesthetic 23.3% (n=21), functional 25.5% (n=23), and a combination of both in 51% (n=46) patients. The mean ROE score of all patients preoperation was 30.5 (males: 31.3, females 29.8) and the mean score postoperation was 79.5 (males 78.2, females 80.9) at six months with no statistical differences (CI 17.11 - 12.59, P=0.762). However, both genders showed a statistically significant improvement between the preoperative and postoperative scores (mean difference = 49.3, CI 63.25 - 35.34, P<0.01), indicating an overall good satisfaction level after surgery. The satisfaction level of patients was inversely proportional to their level of understanding and knowledge of the surgical procedure. This difference was statistically significant ( CI 7.36-10.42, P<0.01). Minor corrections or modifications were done in eight patients under local anesthesia, with no significant difference in ROE scores as compared to those who had single surgery (CI 0.7 - 1.6, P=0.92). There was no statistically significant difference in the before and after surgery ROE scores among patients operated by different surgeons as well (P=0.82).ConclusionOur study shows that rhinoplasty, despite being a complex procedure, has proven benefits in terms of functional as well as aesthetic outcomes. The ROE questionnaire proves to be a valid tool for estimating patient satisfaction in our population. There is a need for further training and education of surgeons in Pakistan to improve the functional and aesthetic disabilities of nasal deformities.

Hydration effects of moisturizing gel on normal skin: A pilot study

Moisturizers are topically applied agent which increasing moisture content in the skin to maintain skin integrity and youthful appearance. L-brand soothing gel (Tested gel) was developed for skin hydration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the benefits of daily usage of Tested gel amongst healthy young adults. This study also aimed to assess whether storage temperature may affect the efficacy of Tested gel. Changes in moisture content and texture index of the skin where the product was applied over a period of 8 days were assessed using non-invasive devices to measure the skin’s bioelectric impedance. Our results indicate that application of Tested gel produces a hydrating effect characterized by a significant increment in skin moisture and smoothness. There was no association found between storage temperature and efficacy of gel. The hydration effect of Tested gel diminishes gradually after application, but the hydration effect is cumulative upon daily usage for healthy young adults.

The use of lasers and light sources in skin rejuvenation

Smooth, wrinkle-free skin is associated with supposed attractiveness, youthfulness, and health, while rhytids have a negative impact on one’s perceived appearance, image, and self-esteem. Noninvasive esthetic procedures such as laser or light therapy have been used to achieve and attain a more youthful appearance. Currently, there is a wide range of lasers and devices available for the regeneration and healing of skin. Lasers and light sources for skin rejuvenation involve the removal of aged skin tissue via thermal heat from high-powered lasers, stimulating the surrounding tissues to recover through natural wound-healing processes. In contrast, photobiomodulation, which makes use of low energy lasers or light emitting diodes, uses no heat and has shown positive effects in the reduction of wrinkles and improving skin laxity.

Periorbital Aesthetic Surgery: A Simple Algorithm for the Optimal Youthful Appearance.

Background:Blepharoplasty is one of the most common procedures performed. To achieve optimal results in periorbital rejuvenation, a systematic approach to patients that addresses all the problems in the periorbital region is important. The aim of this study is to analyze blepharoplasty patients according to preoperative deformities and postoperative results and to create a basic algorithm for periorbital aesthetic surgery.Methods:Patients who underwent periorbital aesthetic surgery were examined retrospectively. Patients’ medical records and preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were analyzed for 6 main criteria: brow position, blepharoptosis, canthal tilt, excess skin or deficiencies, excess subcutaneous tissue or deficiencies, and periorbital skin rhytides. After the anatomical analyses, researchers rated the results as optimal or suboptimal.Results:In total, 176 patients’ medical records were analyzed. Among them, 154 were women and 22 were men. The mean age was 43.8 years. No comorbid situation was detected in 133 of these patients. The postoperative result was evaluated as suboptimal in 151 patients (86%) and optimal in 25 patients (14%). An algorithm was proposed for the systematic evaluation of periorbital surgery patients to achieve satisfactory results.Conclusions:A simple 6-step checklist is designed to define periorbital deformities and to achieve the optimal youthful appearance.

A Study on the Lookism Through Popular Webtoons with Adolescents

본 연구는 청소년들에게 인기 있는 웹툰에서의 외모 관련 묘사가 청소년의 외모에 대한 인식과 가치관에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 문제의식을 갖고 청소년 인기 웹툰에서 ‘외모’가 어떻게 묘사되는지 내용분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 연구는 외모의 정도(우월/열등)에 따라 ‘사회적 유용성’과 ‘사회적 차별’이 어떠한 형태로 나타나는지 분석하였다. 연구결과 외모가 우월한 경우 외모가 열등한 경우에 비교해 ‘사회적 유용성’이 높게 나타났으며, 연인관계에서 ‘사회적 유용성’이 가장 높게 나타났다. 반면 외모가 열등한 경우, 외모가 우월한 경우에 비교해 ‘사회적 차별’이 높게 나타났으며, 대인관계에서 ‘사회적 차별’이 가장 높게 나타났다.This study examines how appearance is depicted in popular youth webtoons being conscious of the fact that the images related to appearance in the webtoons, can affect the perception and values of the appearance of youth s who watch them. Particularly, it analyzs social usability and social discrimination appear according to the degree of appearance (superiority / inferiority). The results show that Social usefulness was higher than that of inferiority , Social usefulness was also the highest in lover relationships. On the other hand, when the appearance was inferior, social discrimination was higher than appearance , and social discrimination was the highest in interpersonal relations.

‘I’m older but I can still do this job’: the experiences of mature women in an age-sensitive occupation

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how mature female flight attendants [FAs] use Selection, Optimization and Compensation [SOC] strategies to cope with age-related diminishing resources at work. The role of FAs is an age-sensitive occupation, and in some organizations, women are under constant pressure to look young and attractive. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study aims to add depth and nuance to our understanding of SOC strategies qualitatively; most published studies are quantitative. A homogenous sample of 5 mature single Filipina FAs, foreign workers employed by Arabian Gulf-based airlines, were interviewed through a semi-structured protocol. Recruitment was through a snowball process. The study found that FAs use SOC strategies to compensate for age-related decline. Off-duty, their focus is directed to activities that help them to meet the organizations’ expectations of youthful appearance and productivity. To achieve this, resources from other life domains are diverted, which leads to negative outcomes from focusing SOC strategies on only one aspect of life. Despite negative personal implications and concerns about the future, the participants still felt attached to their work identities. This shows the importance of understanding the use of SOC strategies within and across life domains, as well as their implications for career sustainability and workability. The use of such strategies at work when detrimental to other life roles is unsustainable. The findings highlight the importance of conducting more qualitative studies on SOC behaviors of specific groups, so the experiences of aging at work can be explored in more depth, allowing areas of concern to be identified.

What Is the Ideal Instagram Filter?

BackgroundSocial media, particularly Instagram, is becoming a prominent part of the plastic surgeon-patient relationship. Recent surveys are revealing a trend toward patients bringing filtered selfies to their plastic surgery consultation as a way to communicate expectations to their doctors. But which Instagram filters create a more flattering or youthful appearance, and why?ObjectivesThis study set out to determine which Instagram filters create the “Most Flattering,” “Most Youthful,” “Least Flattering,” and “Least Youthful” appearances.MethodsStandardized anterior view photos were taken of three Caucasian women: aged 38, 48, and 58 years. These photos were then altered using the color Instagram filters, randomly arranged and printed on photo paper. A questionnaire was created, asking respondents to determine which of the photos made each subject look “Most Flattering,” “Most Youthful,” “Least Flattering,” and “Least Youthful.”ResultsA total of 78 respondents participated in the study. The filters determined to be “Most Flattering” were, in order, Juno, Lark, and Sierra. The filters determined to be “Most Youthful” were Reyes, Rise, and Gingham. The filters voted “Least Flattering” were Hefe, X-Pro, and Slumber. “Least Youthful” filters were Perpetua, Crema, and Aden.ConclusionsInstagram filters can be a very valuable way for patients to communicate their expectations with plastic surgeons. By studying why these filters are chosen by patients, we can better understand what results our patients are looking for.

Corner of the Mouth-Reversing the Earliest Sign of Aging.

As individuals age, distinct anatomical changes of the bone and soft tissue result in the development of rhytids in the perioral region. Most notably, the oral commissures turn downward, creating the appearance of a perpetual frown and adding years to the facial appearance. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical changes associated with perioral aging as well as discuss potential treatment options for perioral rejuvenation particularly at the level of the oral commissures. Lastly, this article covers the senior author's technique for improving oral commissures and restoring youthful appearance of the perioral region.

Buccal Fat Pad Excision: Hydrodissection Technique.

Buccal fat pad (BFP) excision is a procedure in which the fat pad is extracted in order to achieve a more youthful appearance. The aim of this study was to describe an alternative technique that utilizes hydrodissection to extract the BFP. This is a controlled, prospective, randomized clinical study involving 2 groups. Group A (n = 27) underwent BFP excision with hydrodissection, during which 15 mL of a vasoconstricting anesthetic solution was injected into the BFP. Group B (n = 27) underwent BFP excision, during which 3 mL of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine was injected. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Variables analyzed were surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative pain directly following surgery 2 hours after the procedure, as well as maximum pain within 72 hours of surgery and complications. Postoperative care was standardized, and patient follow-up extended over a 6-month period. Pain scores for 54 patients were recorded on a visual analog scale (0-10). Mean ± standard deviation transoperative pain scores were 0.5 ± 0.8 for Group A and 1.3 ± 1.3 for Group B (P = 0.01); 2 hours postoperation the scores were 1.2 ± 0.7 for Group A and 2.6 ± 1 for Group B (P < 0.0001). Maximum pain occurred within 72 hours, and scored 1.6 ± 0.6 for Group A and 3.1 ± 1 for Group B (P < 0.0001). Mean operative time was 8:18 ± 0:47 minutes for Group A and 14:08 ± 2:28 minutes for Group B (P < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between operative time and pain. Overall, 5.5% of patients suffered postoperative complications. BFP excision by hydrodissection is an effective procedure that decreases surgical times by facilitating extraction of the BFP with less manipulation, thereby resulting in decreased postoperative pain and a more tolerable recovery.