Youthful Appearance Research Articles

The ‘less is more’ approach: highlighting the benefits of poly-L-lactic acid filler as a treatment option

Advanced nurse practitioner Michelle McLean delves into the benefits of poly-L-lactic acid filler (PLLA) for skin rejuvenation and restoration as patients demand a ‘less is more’ approach to facial aesthetics. A recent surge in patients wanting to restore or preserve a youthful appearance has seen a surge in popularity for collagen stimulators due to their association with high levels of patient satisfaction, long-lasting efficiency, minor adverse events and sound safety profile ( Christen, 2022 ). Patients are increasingly opting for a ‘less is more’ visual aesthetic, hoping to achieve subtle, natural-looking, undetectable results. To meet patient goals, clinicians are utilising combination approaches in facial aesthetics, utilising products with PLLA because of its desirable results. PLLA is a powerful, well-tolerated tool for clinicians to employ for the non-surgical augmentation of the ageing face.

Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Periorbital Rejuvenation.

Periorbital rejuvenation surgery aims to restore a youthful appearance to the face. Despite the popularity of these procedures, few objective measurements exist to evaluate their impact on perceived facial aging. This study aims to quantify the impact of brow lift and blepharoplasty on age as perceived by convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, and/or brow lift at a single cosmetic practice between 2018 and 2023. Collected data included patient demographics, procedure performed, fat pad resection, and pre- and postoperative frontal images. Each photo was analyzed by four artificial intelligence (AI) platforms to estimate the change in perceived age following surgery. The estimated age reduction was compared between procedures. Of the 153 included patients, 118 underwent blepharoplasty, 12 underwent brow lift, and 23 had both blepharoplasty and brow lift. Across all AI platforms, the mean age estimation percent error was 10.6%, with a tendency for AI to underestimate compared to true age. Univariate analysis revealed an age reduction following any surgery of 1.03 years (p<0.001). When controlling for other variables, brow lift patients saw a mean age reduction of 1.432 years (p=0.031). Upper and lower blepharoplasty, patient characteristics, and ancillary procedures were not found to be independently associated with significant age reduction. Brow lifts provide significant reduction in perceived age. When planning for periorbital rejuvenation, a thorough preoperative evaluation should be performed, and additional consideration should be given to brow lifting procedures.

Efficacy of Picosecond Laser in Clinical, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry Examination in Indonesian Wrinkled Skin.

Introduction: The elderly population wants to improve skin function and maintain a youthful appearance without wrinkles. Laser is one of the highly developed and widely used therapeutic modalities of skin aging by stimulating dermal collagen formation. Picosecond laser therapy is performed on skin with wrinkles to determine the mechanism of wrinkle improvement with a picosecond laser through an increasing in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which was confirmed by collagen density. Methods: The study was started from March 2021 to July 2021 at URJ Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya and Surabaya Skin Centre. Twenty patients meeting the inclusion criteria of being 36-55 years of age and having a wrinkle in the forearm were enrolled by random sampling. Each sample data was recorded, the average TIMP-1, MMP-1, collagen density, and clinical wrinkles were calculated, and the laser was performed by using a picosecond 755 nm laser. Results: All patients showed a moderate pre-test wrinkle scale. The figure for TIMP-1 and MMP-1 after therapy was higher. The MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio in wrinkles treated by using a picosecond laser was lower but insignificant than before. The picture of collagen density indicates that collagen density after laser therapy was higher than before. Conclusion: The result of clinical examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in this research explained that a picosecond 755 nm laser with DLA is an effective therapy for wrinkles in Indonesian patients without any adverse effects.

Enhanced stability and reduced irritation of 4-n-butylresorcinol via nanoemulsion formulation: Implications for skin pigmentation treatment

4-n-butylresorcinol (4-nBR) is a valuable ingredient to lighten skin and reduce pigmentation, contributing to an even skin tone and a more youthful appearance. However, its poor solubility, low stability, and strong irritation to the skin limit its application. In this study, 4-nBR was prepared into 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsion (4-nBR-NE) for the first time, enhancing the solubility and stability of 4-nBR while greatly reducing its skin irritation. The relationship between the viscosity of nanoemulsion and the formulation process, as well as the impact of surfactant ratio on the formability of 4-nBR-NE were further studied. This led to the successful development of a nanoemulsion with adjustable viscosity (AV-NE) and with a low surfactant content. The particle size of 4-nBR-NE was 13.34 ± 0.16 nm with a PDI of 0.0853 ± 0.0191, indicating a uniform particle size distribution. The encapsulation rate of 4-nBR-NE was determined to be 80.05 ± 0.75 % via UV–Vis spectrophotometry. In addition, 4-nBR-NE demonstrated excellent stability over several months, with negligible changes in particle size. Cellular and transdermal evaluations confirmed that the preparation of 4-nBR-NE effectively reduced the original irritation cause by 4-nBR on cells and skin. Then, 4-nBR-NE was incorporated into an essence. This advancement enhances the applicability of 4-nBR in treating pigmentation disorders such as melasma and freckles, thereby increasing its applicability in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

The effect of degeneration of elastic fibres on loss of elasticity and wrinkle formation.

Skin elasticity, which is vital for a youthful appearance, depends on the elastic fibres in the dermis. However, these fibres deteriorate with ageing, resulting in wrinkles and sagging. Changes that occur in the elastic fibres in living human skin and the relationship between elastic fibres and the state of the skin surface remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the relationship between elastic fibres and skin elasticity. In this study, we investigated the association of the elastic fibre structure with skin elasticity and stratum corneum protein content in living human skin. Thirty-five female volunteers aged 25-66 years were included in this study. Elastic fibres were observed using a multiphoton scanning laser biomicroscope. Skin elasticity was measured using a Cutometer, and stratum corneum proteins (Heat-shock protein 27 [HSP27] and galectin-7 [Gal-7]) in tape-stripped samples were analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Elastic fibres exhibited increased curvature and thickness with increased age, with fragmentation observed in women aged >60 years. Elastin scores, which reflect thinness and curvature, were negatively correlated with age, whereas they were positively correlated with R7 elasticity (recovery ability). In individuals aged 20-30 years, higher levels of inflammatory markers (HSP27 and Gal-7) correlated with lower elastin scores; however, this trend was not observed in older participants. Elastic fibre deterioration worsened after 40 years of age, and this effect correlated with reduced skin recovery and increased wrinkles. In younger individuals, inflammatory markers affected elastic fibres. These findings can guide anti-ageing strategies that focus on elastic fibre preservation and inflammation control.

Ultrasound-Assisted Chin Liposuction under Local Anesthesia: An Effective Tool for Facial Slimming in Indian Population

AbstractAn aesthetically pleasing neck is an important component of a youthful appearance of the face. It is frequently targeted by many surgical and nonsurgical methods to achieve the best results. Today, patients are looking for a minimally invasive option that gives permanent results and has a quick recovery. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted liposuction of the chin and jawline has become an important part of the cosmetic surgeon's armamentarium. The objective of this article is to describe the technique, mechanism of action, and most common complications and to establish ultrasound-assisted face liposuction under local anesthesia as an effective method to achieve facial slimming especially in the Indian population.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the High-SMAS Facelift Technique: Objective Clinical Outcomes at 1-year.

The primary goal of the facelift is to rejuvenate the face without changing its natural features. This involves working on the deeper layers to preserve the surface look while adjusting the fat pads beneath. Thus, we often use a modified High-SMAS facelift method, following this deep-layer approach. The study evaluates whether the high-SMAS facelift, focusing on optimal repositioning, can effectively reduce aging signs in the mid to lower face and neck. Conducted from 2018 to 2022, this retrospective cohort study included demographic data, relevant comorbidities, and operative details of patients undergoing lateral extended high-SMAS facial lifting, excluding revision cases. Complications were recorded, and a minimum one-year follow-up was ensured. The technique's effectiveness was assessed using pre- and one-year post-surgery images analyzed by three masked examiners with a validated scoring method by La Padula et al. RESULTS: The study included 325 patients, with no major complications reported. Significant improvements were noted in post-operative High-SMAS visual scores compared to pre-operative scores (p<0.0001), particularly in cheek fullness, jawline, and cervical angle definition. The High-SMAS facelift technique, evaluated using the Face- and Neck-Lift Objective Photo-Numerical Assessment Scale, demonstrated significant cosmetic enhancements. This technique, focusing on optimal flap draping vectors, effectively restores a youthful appearance by improving facial contours. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Anatomical considerations of medial eye wrinkles: Guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injections.

Crow's feet lines in the lateral canthal region are a common concern among aging patients, initially appearing as dynamic wrinkles during facial expressions and becoming more pronounced with age. Botulinum neurotoxin temporarily paralyzes muscles by inhibiting acetylcholine release, smoothing wrinkles and enhancing skin's youthful appearance. Effective treatment requires tailored approaches considering individual anatomy and muscle activity. Recent cadaveric studies identified the tear trough muscle, emphasizing its role in infraorbital support and aging. Clinically, patients often present medial eye wrinkles after BoNT treatment for crow's feet, prompting exploration of underlying mechanisms and management strategies. Three cases demonstrated that medial BoNT injections in the orbicularis oculi muscle significantly improve medial eye wrinkles and tear trough appearance. The study underscores the importance of understanding muscle hyperactivity and anatomical variations for precise treatment. Enhanced injection techniques targeting specific areas can achieve better outcomes and minimize complications, particularly in culturally sensitive regions where facial expressions are valued. This research highlights the necessity for comprehensive anatomical knowledge and patient-specific treatment strategies to address medial eye wrinkles effectively.

Are clinics not affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner more likely to offer guideline-nonconcordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner?

To identify clinics in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania that advertise menopause treatment on their website and evaluate whether clinics not affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner (MSCP) are more likely to offer guideline-nonconcordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with an MSCP. We performed an Internet search to identify clinics advertising on their website menopause treatment in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. We checked clinic personnel against The Menopause Society directory of practitioners to determine if the clinic was affiliated with an MSCP. We identified 174 clinics (41% in OH, 28% in PA, and 31% in MI). Thirteen percent of clinics were affiliated with an MSCP. Clinics with an MSCP are significantly less likely to advertise hormone testing (primary outcome; odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.39), compounded hormone therapy (OR, 0.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.41), and bioidentical hormone therapy (OR, 0.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.001-0.26), compared to clinics without an MSCP-affiliated clinics that are also less likely to advertise that hormone therapy will help maintain youth or help with weight loss. Our pilot study has shown that in the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, clinics with an MSCP were more likely to advertise on their website an adherence to The Menopause Society's guidelines and not advertise for compounded or bioidentical hormones, recommend hormone testing, or advertise hormones for a youthful appearance or weight loss.

Achieving natural facial harmonisation: a clinical review of Restylane facial filler

Facial fillers have become integral to aesthetic medicine, significantly enhancing facial features and restoring a youthful appearance ( Evans, 2019 ). Among the available fillers, achieving a ‘natural look’ is paramount to maintaining facial harmonisation ( Davis, 2020 ). This natural look ensures subtle enhancements that do not compromise an individual's inherent expressions and features ( Wilson, 2022 ). The increasing demand for natural-looking results underscores the necessity for products that deliver reliable, safe, and aesthetically pleasing outcomes ( Thompson and Robinson, 2021 ).

Clues for Facial Perceived Age: Exercise, Sun Protection, Photoaging, and Anthropometric Properties: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

The effect of environmental and genetic factors on the aging process is widely acknowledged. Yet, the extent to which each factor decisively contributes to the perception of looking younger or older remains a subject of debate. This study seeks to identify the factors linked to the perceived age among Turkish women. Ten assessors scored the perceived ages of 250 female patients based on facial photographs. The study aimed to assess the impact of environmental factors and anthropometric measurements on the perception of aging. A comprehensive analysis involved conducting 9 perioral and 6 periorbital anthropometric measurements on all study participants. Exercise (p = .001), mild photodamage (stage 1-2) (p = .001), consistent sunscreen use (p = .001), the length of the palpebral fissure (p = .043), and the height of the upper vermilion (p = .019) demonstrated significant associations with a more youthful appearance. Environmental factors, including exercise, photoprotection, sunscreen use, and anthropometric measurements such as palpebral fissure length and upper vermilion height, play a significant role in contributing to a more youthful appearance.

(065) ARE CLINICS THAT DO NOT HAVE A MSCP-CERTIFIED PROVIDER MORE LIKELY TO OFFER GUIDELINE-NON-CONCORDANT TREATMENT?

Abstract Introduction Menopausal hormone therapy is the most efficacious option for treating vasomotor symptoms, the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and to prevent fractures and bone loss. However, publication of contradictory evidence about the risks associated with menopausal hormone therapy and changing recommendations created confusion among patients and providers about how best to manage symptoms. Because providers with varying degrees and specialties may take care of midlife women, and there is no specific certification required to offer menopause treatment, The Menopause Society established its competency exam in 2002 to set the standard for menopause care and assist women in locating clinicians who provide optimal menopause-related care. Objective To identify clinics advertising menopause treatment in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania and evaluate whether clinics not affiliated with a MSCP-certified provider are more likely to offer guideline-non-concordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with a MSCP- certified provider. Methods We performed an internet search to identify clinics providing menopause treatment in Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. From each clinic’s website we abstracted the location, whether the clinic offered guideline-non-concordant treatment (hormone testing, bioidentical “hormone menopause therapy (HRT)”, or compounded HRT), whether the clinic advertised that menopausal hormone therapy(MHT) would promote youthful appearance or weight loss, and whether the clinic accepted insurance. We checked clinic personnel against the Menopause Society directory of practitioners to determine if the clinic was affiliated with a MSCP-certified provider. We used Fisher’s exact test to evaluate association between affiliation with a MSCP provider and guideline-non-concordant care, inaccurate claims about MHT, and accepting insurance. Our primary outcome was odds of offering hormone testing. Results We identified 174 clinics (41% in OH, 28% in PA, and 31% in MI). 13% of clinics were affiliated with a MSCP-certified provider. Clinics with a MSCP-certified provider are significantly more less likely to advertise hormone testing (primary outcome, OR = 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.39), compounded hormone therapy (OR = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.001 to 0.41), and bioidentical hormone therapy (OR = 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.001 to 0.26), compared to clinics without a MSCP-certified provider. MSCP provider-affiliated clinics are also less likely to advertise that hormone replacement therapy will help maintain youth or help with weight loss (Table). Clinics with a MSCP-certified provider are more likely to accept insurance (OR = 7.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.59 to 72.29). Conclusions Our research has shown that in the states of Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, MSCP-certified providers were more likely to adhere to the Menopause Society’s guidelines and not advertise for compounded or bioidentical hormones, recommend hormone testing, or advertise hormones for a youthful appearance or weight loss. These clinics were also more likely to accept insurance. Providers who work with midlife women should consider obtaining their MSCP certification to remain current with evidence-based practice and make it easier for patients to locate a provider who is following the most up to date guidelines. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Astellas.

Treatments using elements of Kobido massage for anti-ageing prevention and relaxation

The growing emphasis on maintaining a youthful appearance is driven by increased public awareness of the importance of good health and an attractive appearance, which going hand in hand with social development. Kobido massage is a suggested technique for enhancing the look and state of facial skin, serving as a non-surgical alternative to a facelift. The procedure employs specific manual techniques executed by a skilled specialist. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selected elements of kobido massage on improving the appearance of the skin, relaxing facial muscles, reducing their tension and improving blood and lymph circulation in the head area. The study included a group of 27 women who received 10 of the same treatments. The most frequently observed effects of the sequence of procedures were a reduction in tension and smoothing of facial skin folds, as well as a change in facial contour. The obtained results were consistent with the expectations of the majority of the participants. Kobido massage can be an effective method of improving the appearance of facial skin and may be a safe alternative to surgical lifting.

Facial Exercises: Enhancing Facial Structure and Reducing Signs of Aging - A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: The effectiveness of facial muscle exercises (FMEs) for facial rejuvenation is still quite controversial in the scientific literature. In general, published studies use non-quantitative parameters to assess the real benefit of FMEs. In this study, we reviewed the scientific evidence related to the efficacy of FMEs for facial rejuvenation, as well as to describe the most used FMEs in scientific studies. To achieve the objective of this review, research was performed through several databases. Thus far, there are very few scientific studies with appropriate methodologies that assess whether FMEs are effective for facial rejuvenation. It was found that the exercises for the muscles of the cheeks, the region around the mouth and around the eyes, and the region under the chin are the most indicated for the maintenance of the youthful appearance of the face. However, it is still necessary to carry out controlled and randomized studies to draw some conclusions.

Occupational involvement of older gay men

ABSTRACT Introduction Older people often face discrimination and stigma across different societies. Older gay men may confront a dual stigma, being targeted for their age and sexual orientation. Such stigmatization frequently and unjustly subjects this group to prevailing social expectations, affecting their occupational involvement. Objective: To investigate the occupational involvement of older gay men. Method: This exploratory, qualitative study involved eight participants aged between 61 and 69 years. Participants were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Narratives were gathered using a semi-structured script, and the resulting data were assessed through thematic analysis. Findings: Analysis of the participants’ narratives revealed five dominant themes concerning the relationship between aging as a gay individual and involvement in occupation: self-care; mobility; support networks; the interplay of repression, resistance, and expression of sexuality; and life planning. Conclusion: The process of aging for gay men is intricately linked to their occupations, both in past and present contexts, as well as their aspirations for the future. Notably, these occupations and aspirations encompass practices related to maintaining a youthful appearance, urban accessibility, the forging of homosexual identities, nurturing emotional and social connections, confronting repression and violence, and reflecting on the historical and personal challenges presented by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

BOTOX’s Mechanism, Diversity Considerations, and Therapeutic Potential in Cosmetic, Medical, and Dental Practice

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the societal pressures of maintaining a youthful appearance and the increasing popularity of BOTOX injections for aesthetic purposes. It discusses the motivation behind BOTOX use for personal psychological gains, partly driven by social media pressure and societal expectations. Ethical considerations and potential psychosocial consequences of cosmetic BOTOX are also addressed.The article delves into the explanation of what BOTOX is and how it works, emphasizing its use for cosmetic and medical purposes, such as treating spasmodic dysphonia and hyperhidrosis. When used appropriately, it highlights the rarity of complications and adverse effects associated with BOTOX. BOTOX’s historical use and development, from its initial medical applications to its widespread adoption in cosmetic procedures, are outlined. Further explored is the prevalence of BOTOX use among different socioeconomic classes, races/ethnicities, ages, and genders, highlighting disparities and emerging trends. It summarizes the effectiveness and safety of BOTOX injections for facial wrinkles and its non-cosmetic uses (e.g., treating migraines, hyperhidrosis, and pain management). The review describes BOTOX’s uses in dentistry, including its therapeutic benefits and safety considerations.It also discusses the possible therapeutic advantages of BOTOX injections in managing psychological conditions, including depression, anxiety, and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The diagnostic applications of BOTOX and its mechanism of action are briefly explained.The article concludes with a summary of BOTOX’s beneficial and adverse effects and the constraints on access to and use of BOTOX treatments. It acknowledges the limitations of BOTOX research and the need for further investigation to address these limitations.Abbreviations: BDD: Body Dysmorphic Disorder; FDA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; QoL: Quality of Life; ROM: Range of Motion; SES: Socioeconomic Status; SNAP-25: Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; TMD: Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Facial Skin Aging Characteristics of the Old-Perceived Age in a 20-40 Years Old Chinese Female Population.

In the quest for a youthful appearance, women use a variety of anti- aging cosmetics. Defining skin problems is especially important for the selection of anti-aging solutions. However, the skin problems faced by Chinese women at different ages are different. This study aimed at Chinese women aged 20-40 years old and analyzed facial skin aging characteristics of those with old-perceived age. The total of 400 standard facial photographs from Chinese female volunteers aged 20-40 was assessed by another 126 Chinese women. The facial areas and skin aging characteristics that influenced age estimation were collected at the same time. Skin aging characteristics, including wrinkles, skin tone, pigmentation and pores, were analyzed based on facial photographs. Groupings were made based on deviation of perceived age from chronological age, and skin aging characteristics among groups were compared. The perceived age of Chinese women aged 20-40 has a moderate correlation with chronological age. Women aged 20-30 generally had an old-perceived age. Deep skin tone was a prominent problem in this age group, with those who had the older-perceived age observed the darker and redder skin tone. Women aged 31-40 were perceived partly old but appeared with wrinkle aggravation, as well as deepening of redness, enlarged pores, and increased pigmentation at the mid-face. The perceived older women also had more visible frown lines and darker skin tone at the upper face. The perceived age of Chinese women aged 20-40 tends to deviate from their chronological age. Women aged 20-30 with old-perceived age are associated with deep skin tone, even found darker and redder in older-perceived women group, while women aged 31-40 are associated with wrinkles and deterioration at mid-face area and upper-face problems drive more attention in older-perceived women group.

Treacherous territory: Temple fillers and tissue necrosis

AbstractTemporal region of the face is considered the most promising facial region for inducing panfacial effects, playing an increasingly important role in facial contouring and rejuvenation surgeries, which in turn has led to a rapid growth in the demand for aesthetic correction for temporal hollowing. In order to correct this issue and achieve a more youthful appearance, filler injections can be used. Although this procedure is generally safe and is increasingly popular, complications may happen. Complications include visual loss, neurological deficits, embolism, and non‐thrombotic pulmonary embolism. These complications are thought to result from injection of filler material into facial arteries and veins. We describe here a patient who developed pain in the parieto‐temporal region following hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for temporal augmentation, which was complicated by tissue necrosis and alopecia. This was managed with hyaluronidase injection and aspirin tablets. Patient was followed for 6 months period after which she had complete hair growth and total resolution of skin necrosis without any scar formation. Since complications of HA injection are wide and serious, practitioners should always be aware of potential consequences of such procedures.

Global facial rejuvenation with hyaluronic acid: a safe set of directives to whole-approach of the aging-changes evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Face rejuvenation with hyaluronic acid (FR-HA) through a global approach was performed in a single session, by using a safe set of directives targeted for each facial zone. Methods: FR-HA was performed with products of the QTFill Signature® range all of them with same HA-concentration and molecular-weight, with two crosslinking technologies, the own Ultra-High-Density™ crosslinking and BDDE-crosslinking with tree degrees of BDDE, resulting in high-, medium- and low-G', and 3.0% of lidocaine hydrochloride. Bolus injection with needle and retrograde-backflow injection with microcannula or needle were directed to specific facial zones. A safe FR-HA protocol based on HA-products, fat layers and vasculature, and points and techniques of injection recovered the face youthful appearance. Results: FR-HA was made for eleven facial zones, patient average of 6.95±1.30, average of 30.55±0.74 injections-points per facial-zone and of 16.80±0.83 injections-points per patient. The volume of HA injected was 49.50 ml, average of 4.50±0.37 ml per facial zone and 2.48±0.12 ml per patient. From one-month to twelve-months there was no significant differences on the face appearance and on density of the gel-diffusion displayed by MRI in T2-weighted with fat suppression on axial and coronal planes, which were endorsed by the Facelift Outcomes Evaluation questionnaire scores. Conclusions: Minimal changes on clinical outcomes and slow degradation of gel-diffusion on MRI in T2-weighted with fat suppression on axial and coronal planes from one-month to twelve-months showed that the HA-products remained stable in the injection site without evidence of significant resorption or loss of correction, indicating FR-HA efficacy and long-lasting.

Advancements in Regenerative Medicine for Aesthetic Dermatology: A Comprehensive Review and Future Trends

The growing interest in maintaining a youthful appearance has encouraged an accelerated development of innovative, minimally invasive aesthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation and regeneration. The close correlation between tissue repair, regeneration, and aging has paved the way for the application of regenerative medicine principles in cosmetic dermatology. The theoretical substrates of regenerative medicine applications in dermo-aesthetics are plentiful. However, regenerative dermatology is an emerging field and needs more data and in vivo trials to reach a consensus on the standardization of methods. In this review, we summarize the principles of regenerative medicine and techniques as they apply to cosmetic dermatology, suggesting unexplored fields and future directions.