Relative Youth Research Articles

Sibling Separation: Learning from Those with Former Foster Care Experiences

Abstract Sibling relationships of youth in foster care are often complicated as many youth are separated from their sibling(s) at one point or another. Quantitative studies have identified ways in which sibling placement influences youth outcomes. Fewer qualitative studies have been conducted to understand youth perspectives about their sibling relationships. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine sibling relationships and sibling separation amongst adults with prior foster care experience. Thematic analysis indicated two overarching themes: ‘Sibling Separation was Common’ and ‘Effects of Sibling Separation’. Each theme was comprised of multiple sub-themes that are discussed in detail and explored through an ambiguous loss lens. Recommendations and implications for supporting sibling relationships for youth in care are provided.

In Search of an Academic "Greatest Hits" Album: An Examination of Bibliometrics and Bibliometric Web Platforms.

Despite the relative youth of bibliometric web platforms (Google Scholar was released in 2004), they play an increasingly significant role in the assessment of the impact of scholars and the research they produce. This scholarly essay provides a thorough review of the literature on bibliometric platforms, the extent to which they make available relevant manuscripts for inclusion in research, and their use for the assessment of scholarly work. We describe the metrics found on common bibliometric platforms, proposed metrics not commonly found in platforms, and how those metrics may differ based on scholar race and gender. We identify pitfalls of citation metrics present on bibliometric platforms. Finally, we identify areas for expansion of the research on bibliometric platforms and development of new metrics.

Developing and Defining Staff -Youth Relationships within a Juvenile Correctional Facility

This study uses in-depth interviews to explore the relationships between staff and juveniles residing and working in a private juvenile correctional facility in the Midwest. Because staff play a key role in shaping the experience of incarceration and can influence the degree of rehabilitation or punishment carried out within the facility, this is a crucial dynamic to analyze for an understanding of juvenile corrections. Findings from the interviews demonstrate the importance of building trust as a basis for positive, rehabilitative relationships with staff. Most staff expressed the shared goal of rehabilitation for the youth; however, they differed regarding the best approach for achieving this. While previous research notes the value of a mentoring relationship between staff and juveniles for rehabilitative efforts; staff at this facility varied in their perspectives of the role they played and the correctional response they found most appropriate. Gender and age of the staff influenced these views.

Assessment of Innovative Architectures, Challenges and Solutions of Edge Intelligence

Data collecting, caching, analysis, and processing in close proximity to where the data is collected is referred to as "edge intelligence," a group of linked devices and systems. Edge Intelligence aims to improve data processing quality and speed while also safeguarding the data's privacy and security. This area of study, which dates just from 2011, has shown tremendous development in the last five years, despite its relative youth. This paper provides a survey of the architectures of edge intelligence (Data Placement-Based Architectures to Reduce Latency; 2) Orchestration-Based ECAs- IoT. 3) Big Data Analysis-Based Architectures; and 4) Security-Based Architectures) as well as the challenges and solutions for innovative architectures in edge intelligence.

Differences by sexual orientation in romantic relationship attitudes and skills among adolescents

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined differences by sexual orientation in romantic relationship and marriage attitudes, and relationship skills, among a large, diverse sample of high school youth.BackgroundThe romantic relationships of sexual minority youth have been understudied, particularly factors related to their relationship quality, such as attitudes and skills. Sweeping changes in social and legal equality (e.g., same‐sex marriage) have promoted a paradigm shift in relationship possibilities for sexual minority youth.MethodsData were drawn from the baseline survey of a study of school‐based relationship education for adolescents. Adolescents (N = 979) completed a self‐report survey of their demographics, attitudes regarding romantic relationships and marriage, and their romantic relationship skills. Regression models examined differences by sexual orientation identity in relationship outcomes, controlling for relevant demographics.ResultsSixteen percent of youth identified as sexual minority. Sexual minority youth, relative to heterosexual youth, did not differ in their attitudes regarding qualities of healthy romantic relationships. However, sexual minority youth endorsed less traditional views of marriage and held less traditional expectations of marriage for themselves. They also perceived themselves to have fewer romantic relationship skills than heterosexual youth.ConclusionsToday's sexual minority youth hold less traditional views of marriage as a future for themselves, although legalized same‐sex marriage is now available. They perceived themselves as less skilled in romantic relationships, which are critical in adolescence for social and emotional development. Scientific efforts are needed to understand contributors to these differences and inform evidence‐based practices to support strong, healthy romantic bonds for all teens.

The impact of child anxiety and overinvolvement on peer relations: a moderation model

ABSTRACT Protective parenting behaviors (e.g., overinvolvement) and symptoms of anxiety have been independently linked to poor peer relationships in youth. However, it is likely that the relationship between these factors is more complex. We hypothesized that child anxiety would be inversely associated with peer relationships and that this relationship would be stronger in the context of high parental overinvolvement. Data were collected from 92 parents, and a simple moderation analysis was conducted, controlling for youth externalizing symptoms. Externalizing symptoms significantly influenced the overall model; however, no other variables were significantly related to peer relationships. Conclusions, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Findings From A Scoping Review Examining Family Dog Ownership And Youth Physical Activity Levels

Higher youth physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable health outcomes. Only one in three children meet national PA guidelines, which recommend 60 minutes of daily PA. As an estimated 48% of US households own a dog, encouraging dog walking and active play with the family dog are potential high reach strategies to increase youth PA. PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the existing literature on family dog ownership and youth PA levels and identify gaps in the literature to inform future studies. METHODS: Database literature searches yielded 659, 230, and 104 results in PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, respectively, with the following search terms: (Kids OR children OR adolescents OR youth OR families) AND (Dog OR pet) AND (Physical activity OR walking OR steps OR exercise OR obesity). Following abstract and full-text screening, 18 articles were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: A majority of studies were cross-sectional (88.9%). Study populations were adolescents (38.9%), elementary-aged (27.8%), preschool-aged (5.5%), or combined ages (27.9%). Most studies consisted of majority White, higher socioeconomic status populations (88.9%). PA measurement tools consisted of questionnaire-only (n = 10; 55.6%), questionnaire with participant accelerometers (n = 7; 38.8%), and questionnaire with participant fitness-testing (n = 1; 5.5%). Only 1 study paired self-reported dog walking data with accelerometer data to determine whether children performed moderate-to-vigorous PA during family dog walks. Of 9 studies comparing PA levels among youth with and without dogs, 77.8% reported a positive association between dog ownership and PA. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies investigating dog ownership and youth PA levels are cross-sectional, and suggest dog ownership is associated with higher youth PA levels. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal. If a causal relationship is demonstrated, initiatives that reduce family dog ownership barriers may help increase youth PA levels. Randomized trials testing interventions to increase dog-facilitated PA in youth are also needed. Finally, future studies should examine the dog ownership-PA relationship in low-income and ethnic minority youth.

제주지역 청년세대 통일교육의 방향성과 개선방안에 대한 고찰

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of unification education for the young generation in Jeju and to consider improvement measures according to the direction of unification education desired by future generations in Jeju. To this end, this thesis summarizes and reflects the achievements of local governments and private organizations in Jeju, which have played a leading role for peace in Northeast Asia and the Korean Peninsula, and the unification of South and North Korea, and the proposals for unification education of the youth in Jeju. Draw the direction of unification education. Based on this, after evaluating the current state of unification education for the youth generation in Jeju-do and public-private governance, vitalization of university unification education and sustainable unification of Jeju region as a new unification education improvement plan for the youth generation in Jeju region. It will propose the development of related youth leaders training programs and the development of tourism brands related to unification and peace in Jeju using OTT platform, SNS, and metaverse. In conclusion, it is argued that the related ordinances of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province need to be urgently revised to promote unification education.

Do attachment-related differences in reflective functioning explain associations between expressed emotion and youth self-harm?

Youth self-harm is associated with poor health outcomes and attempted and completed suicide. Associations exist between self-harm and expressed emotion (EE), attachment insecurity, and reflective functioning (RF), but these associations are poorly understood. This study evaluates a mediation model in which perceived caregiver EE (pEE) exerts an indirect effect on youth self-harm through attachment insecurity and RF uncertainty. 461 participants aged 16–24 years completed an online survey. Statistical analyses revealed significant direct effects of pEE on attachment insecurity, and of RF uncertainty on self-harm; however, some direct effects were specific to pEE from female caregivers, and attachment insecurity in youth relationships with female caregivers. A significant direct effect of pEE on self-harm was found for pEE from male caregivers only. Significant indirect effects of pEE on self-harm through attachment anxiety and RF uncertainty were found only in relation to female caregivers. The findings encourage family-, attachment-, and mentalization-based approaches to preventing and treating youth self-harm, with a recommendation that caregivers are given adequate support, education, and skills-based training following youth disclosures of self-harm.

These are the stories of our physical activities: Decolonial re-existence and poetry

In this paper, I aim to disseminate the knowledge that was generated during participatory art-based action research on which I collaborated with a group of young Afghan asylum seekers in Sweden. The focus of the research was the lived experiences of the youth in relation to sport and physical activity. I have chosen a narrative poem that I crafted using vox participare (voices of participants) (Norton & Sliep, 2019) to do this work. In this way, I have grounded the dissemination of our research in the shared epistemology of our peoples, the Khorasani peoples of central/western Asia. By adopting the persona of شاعر (the poet) (Olszewska, 2015), and by writing in a reflective manner that does not obscure my own privilege, I work towards decolonising the process of research and knowledge generation as it relates to sport. I attempt to show how Afghan youth re-make sport (and physical activity) in ways that re-create conditions of dignity for themselves and their community in their everyday living. In this way, I aim to disrupt the dominant understandings about what sport is, what it is supposed to do, and how it can be utilised by those who are living with social injustices.

Hidden champions: Exploring supportive family relationships of youth experiencing homelessness

AbstractThe relationships that youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) have with supportive family members (i.e. those who provide them with social support) may be protective against risk behaviours and buffer adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the nature of YEH's supportive family relationships and the type of social support that these family relationships offer them. Thus, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 30 YEH to examine the type of social support received from family relationships and to explore the social dynamics of these relationships. We found that many YEH not only continued to maintain relationships with family members after becoming homeless but also received emotional and/or instrumental support from these family members. Beyond providing this type of social support, family members served as a source of motivation for these youth. Additionally, YEH contributed to their family relationships and gained a sense of connectedness in return. Lastly, we found that YEH's family support was influenced by their family circumstances and their need for autonomy. Collectively, our findings suggest there may be a need for interventions designed to strengthen relationships with supportive family members among YEH, who may derive multiple positive benefits from relating with the ‘hidden champions’ in their lives.

“I feel like it is asking if he is a stalker … but I also feel like it is asking if he cares”: exploring young South African women and men’s perceptions of the Sexual Relationship Power Scale

BackgroundGender inequity and the subsequent health impacts disproportionately affect communities in the Global South. However, most gender equity measures, such as Pulerwitz’ (2000) Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS), are developed and validated in the Global North and then applied in Global South settings without investigation of context applicability or validity. This study examines the SRPS’ validity evidence, comprehensiveness, and contemporary relevance for young South African women and men.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, 38 cognitive interviews (CIs) were conducted among previous participants of a South African youth cohort study ‘AYAZAZI’ (2015–2017) to explore youth’s perceptions of the SRPS. The SRPS measures women’s perceptions of their partner’s controlling behaviours, and men’s perceptions of their own controlling behaviours. Using CIs, participants responded to a 13-item adaptation of the SRPS for use among South African youth (strongly agree-strongly disagree), and then were asked to think-aloud their reasoning for responses, their understanding and perceived relevance of each item, and made overall suggestions for scale adaptations. An item appraisal coding process was applied, whereby Cognitive Coding assessed the types of cognitive problems youth had with understanding the items, and Question Feature Coding assessed which item features caused problems for participant understandings. Finally, youth recommendations for scale adaptations were summarized.ResultsOverall, 21 women and 17 men aged 21–30 participated in CIs in Durban and Soweto, South Africa. Cognitive Coding revealed 1. Comprehension issues, and 2. Judgements related to items’ applicability to lived experiences and identities (e.g., being unmarried). Question Feature Coding revealed items’ 1. Lack of clarity or vagueness in wording and 2. Logical problems in assumptions leading to multiple interpretations (e.g., item ‘my partner always need to know where I am’ interpreted as both controlling and caring behaviour). Multiple, overlapping issues revealed how many items failed to “fit” within the present-day living realities of South African youth. Youth recommended several item adaptations and additions, including strength-based items, to existing measures of gender equity and relationship power.ConclusionGiven identified issues, several adaptations including revising items to be more inclusive, contemporary, context specific, relational, and strength-based are needed to validly measure gender equity and power dynamics within the relationships of South African youth.

Community engagement for meaningful and sustainable digital literacy training in Uganda

This article provides practical insight on how public library programmes can deploy community needs assessment as a tool to engage the community into the development of library services and programmes for specific target groups. This approach contributes to the practice of needs-based library service development as well as demonstrates how community needs assessment can also serve as a library outreach mechanism to community members. 
 The community needs assessment study, described in this article, was done in Uganda in early 2021 by EIFL (Electronic information for libraries), Peer 2 Peer University, National Library of Uganda and Maendeleo Foundation. The study was aimed at developing a meaningful and sustainable digital literacy skills training for women and youth to be delivered via a nation-wide network of public and community libraries. The study is a part of a project “Digital skills and inclusion through libraries in Uganda”, which is funded by Belgium through the Wehubit Programme implemented by the Belgian development agency, Enabel.
 The study consisted of interviews with librarians and meetings with library authorities and community members across the country. The study was used both to gain a deeper understanding of expectations and preferences of women and youth in relation to the digital skills and online content, and also to raise awareness about the upcoming training by the project at early stages.
 In this article, we are sharing learnings from the process, as well as discussing how the findings were used to inform and shape the development of the digital literacy training programme.

Changes in Sex Steroids and Enteric Peptides After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Youth in Relation to Changes in Bone Parameters.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) improves metabolic endpoints but is associated with impaired bone outcomes. To determine mechanisms contributing to impaired bone health in youth following SG. 12-month longitudinal observational study in a multidisciplinary tertiary-care hospital, including 64 youth 13-25 years old with moderate-to-severe obesity (51 females); 30 underwent SG and 34 were nonsurgical (NS) controls. SG was undertaken after a combined decision-making process between treatment team and patient. The main outcome measures were fasting blood for enteric peptides, sex steroids, sclerostin, and bone turnover markers (N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen [P1NP] and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide [CTX]); dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and body composition; high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography; measures of volumetric BMD (vBMD); microfinite element analysis of strength estimates (distal radius and tibia). SG had greater reductions in body mass index (BMI) z-scores, serum estrone, and the free androgen index (FAI) (P ≤ .046), and greater increases in sclerostin, P1NP, and CTX (P ≤ .010) than NS controls. Fasting ghrelin decreased in SG vs NS (P < .0001); fasting peptide YY did not change. Most changes were driven by female SG participants. Among females (the majority of study participants), after controlling for baseline age and race, reductions in total hip aBMD Z-scores were positively associated with changes in BMI, lean mass, estrone, FAI, and ghrelin, and inversely with changes in sclerostin.. Decreases in total vBMD of the radius and tibia were associated positively with decreases in BMI. Increases in CTX were associated with decreases in BMI, lean mass, and ghrelin, and increases in sclerostin. Bone loss after SG in youth is associated with changes in body composition, sex steroids, sclerostin, and enteric peptides. These are potential targets for future preventative or therapeutic strategies.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)- Derived Phase Angle in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Phase angle (PhA), a directly-measured bioelectrical impedance analysis variable, is suggested to be a proxy of body cell mass as well as extracellular/intracellular water ratio, and is related to cellular integrity and functions. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate PhA in healthy youths in relation to sex, age, weight status, physical fitness, and sports activities. A systematic literature search (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses criteria) until January 2022 was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding studies on PhA in healthy children and adolescents 4-18 years of age. Quality was assessed according to the National Institute of Health. After removing duplicates and studies not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 22 cross-sectional and 1 longitudinal were considered appropriate. As for quality, 14 articles were rated fair and 9 good. Ten studies found that PhA increases with age: the increase was more marked after puberty, whereas changes in younger subjects are by far less defined. A clear sex difference was found in adolescents, likely due to pubertal development. Limited evidence suggests that PhA increases in participants with very high BMI. Limited data were reported on physically active youths without convincing findings. Positive associations of PhA with physical fitness and fat-free mass were found in few studies. In conclusion, partial and limited evidence suggests that changes in PhA over the first 2 decades of life reflect modification in body composition and fat-free mass composition. Further studies are needed for confirming PhA as a relevant marker of nutritional status in youths.

Supporting the Transition to Adulthood for Youth With Spina Bifida: A Call for Neuropsychology-Informed Interventions.

Supporting the Transition to Adulthood for Youth With Spina Bifida: A Call for Neuropsychology-Informed Interventions.

404-P: Relationships among Triglyceride (TG) Concentrations across Lipoprotein Subclasses, Intraglomerular Hemodynamics, and Kidney Oxygen Availability in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses associate with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in adults with T1D, but little is known about this relationship in youth with T1D. We evaluated cross-sectional relationships among TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses, intraglomerular hemodynamics, and renal oxygen availability (RO2) in youth with T1D. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) , RO2, renal plasma flow (RPF) , afferent arteriolar resistance (RA) , efferent arteriolar resistance (RE) , intraglomerular pressure (PGLO) , and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were assessed. Concentrations of lipid constituents from lipoprotein subclasses were quantified via targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Nightingale Health Ltd., Helsinki, Finland) . Particle sizes for VLDL, LDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, and HDL were measured. Fifty youth with T1D (age 16.0 ± 3.0 years, 50% female, HbA1c 8.7 ± 1.3%, T1D duration 5.7 ± 2.6 years) and 20 without T1D were included. VLDL-TG concentrations and small LDL-TG correlated with intraglomerular hemodynamic function parameters and RO2. To conclude, strong relationships were found among renal function markers and TG concentrations across lipoprotein subclasses in adolescents with T1D. Disclosure M.E.Pauley: None. K.L.Tommerdahl: None. C.Vinovskis: None. L.Pyle: None. R.Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Dompé, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc., Other Relationship; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. R.G.Nelson: None. K.J.Nadeau: None. P.Bjornstad: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Horizon Therapeutics plc, LG Chem, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Funding MEP supported by NIH (T32DK063687) ; KLT supported by NIH (K23 HL159292) , Children’s Hospital Colorado Research Institute Research Scholar Award, University of Colorado Diabetes Research Center (P30 DK116073) , Ludeman Family Center for Women’s Health Research at the University of Colorado, and Dept of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology at University of Colorado School of Medicine; PB supported by NIDDK (RDK129211, R21 DK129720, K23 DK116720, UC DK114886, and P30 DK116073) , JDRF (2-SRA-2019-845-S-B, 3-SRA-2017-424-M-B, 3-SRA-2022-1097-M-B) , Boettcher Foundation, American Heart Association (20IPA35260142) , Ludeman Family Center for Women’s Health Research at the University of Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes at University of Colorado School of Medicine

Reflexion as the Factor in Shaping Attitudes Towards Love and Sex at Adolescence

IntroductionВuilding psychologically close relationships with the partner is an important task of development in adolescence. Dysfunctional relationships is a source of stress, can lead to mental disorder. Reflection is a mental (rational) process aimed at analyzing, understanding, realizing oneself: one’s own actions, behavior, speech, experience, feelings, states; reflexion is a condition of orientation in interpersonal relations, formation of attitudes, perceptions, values, refinement and formation of self and partner image.ObjectivesThe aim was to study the reflection role in of the romantic relationship attitudes formation at adolescence.MethodsThe techniques were completed by 84 students 17-21 age (M = 19.23; SD=1,21; M/F= 83.3 / 16.7 %) 1. Attitudes About Love and Sex by C. Hendrick and S. Hendrick (Ekimchik, 2007) 2. Differential Test of Reflection (Osin, Leontiev, 2014) 3. Reflexivity Questionnaire (Karpov, 2004).ResultsThe dominant types of reflection are «Systemic reflection» and «Reflexivity of future activity» (A.V. Karpov), which correlates with age-related developmental tasks. «Reflexivity of communication and interaction with others» is found at a rather low level. Cluster analysis highlighted three groups of respondents with different types of reflection: «reflexive» (40 %), «dreamers» (36 %), «communicative» (24 %). The most pronounced types of love are Eros and Agape. There are significant differences in the expression of the love style in three groups of respondents (H-criterion Kraskel-Wallis).ConclusionsReflexion features are a factor in the formation of the cognitive-behavioral component of a love in adolescence. Optimal type of reflexion creates conditions for prevention of destructive relationships in youth.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders.

Over the last 15 years, the field of neuroscience has evolved toward recognizing the critical role of astroglia in shaping neuronal synaptic activity and along with the pre- and postsynapse is now considered an equal partner in tripartite synaptic transmission and plasticity. The relative youth of this recognition and a corresponding deficit in reagents and technologies for quantifying and manipulating astroglia relative to neurons continues to hamper advances in understanding tripartite synaptic physiology. Nonetheless, substantial advances have been made and are reviewed herein. We review the role of astroglia in synaptic function and regulation of behavior with an eye on how tripartite synapses figure into brain pathologies underlying behavioral impairments in psychiatric disorders, both from the perspective of measures in postmortem human brains and more subtle influences on tripartite synaptic regulation of behavior in animal models of psychiatric symptoms. Our goal is to provide the reader a well-referenced state-of-the-art understanding of current knowledge and predict what we may discover with deeper investigation of tripartite synapses using reagents and technologies not yet available.

Assessing Aspects of Social Relationships in Youth Across Middle Childhood and Adolescence: The NIH Toolbox Pediatric Social Relationship Scales.

Social relationships are a critical context for children's socioemotional development and their quality is closely linked with concurrent and future physical and emotional wellbeing. However, brief self-report measures of social relationship quality that translate across middle childhood, adolescence, and adulthood are lacking, limiting the ability to assess the impact of social relationships on health outcomes over time. To address this gap, this article describes the development and testing of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Pediatric Social Relationship Scales, which were developed in parallel with the previously-reported Adult Social Relationship Scales. Item sets were selected from the NIH Toolbox adult self-report item banks in the domains of social support, companionship, and social distress, and adapted for use in preadolescent (ages 8-11 years) and adolescent (ages 12-18 years) cohorts. Items were tested across a U.S. community sample of 1,038 youth ages 8-18 years. Classical test and item response theory approaches were used to identify items for inclusion in brief unidimensional scales. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing resultant scales to established pediatric social relationship instruments. Internal reliability and concurrent validity were established for five unique scales, with 5-7 items each: Emotional Support, Friendship, Loneliness, Perceived Rejection, and Perceived Hostility. These brief scales represent developmentally appropriate and valid instruments for assessing the quality of youth social relationships across childhood and adolescence. In conjunction with previously published adult scales, they provide an opportunity for prospective assessment of social relationships across the developmental spectrum.