The global rise in aging populations has introduced challenges such as increased social isolation and weakened intergenerational relationships. Intergenerational programs (IGPs) offer some promising strategies to address these issues by encouraging interactions between the older and younger generations by fostering mutual learning, support, and understanding. This study evaluated the feasibility and impact of a community-based intergenerational program in rural Maharashtra, India, with a particular focus on improving the overall well-being of the elderly individuals. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the implementation of community-driven IGP strategies in 18 villages via qualitative methods (in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, force field analysis, spider web analysis, and most significant change stories) and quantitative assessments (quality of Life, generativity, social capital and self-care assessment tools) across 3 years. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit 520 participants across two elderly age groups (60-70 years and > 70 years). The qualitative data revealed that IGPs improved intergenerational relationships, enhanced communication and appreciation for joint family structures. The key facilitators included community engagement, peer trainers, cultural events, and active involvement from local leaders. Barriers included conflicting agricultural responsibilities, health issues, and limited intergenerational interaction due to mobile use. In the 60-70 years age group, the quality of Life scores was 70.6 at baseline and 68.5 by year 3, the generativity scores was 32.3 at baseline and 28 by year 3, and the social capital scores was 48.3 at baseline to 48.4 by year 3. In the > 70 years age group, the quality of Life score ranged from 66.9 at baseline to 65.4 by year 3, and the generativity scores was 31.8 at baseline and 26.1 at year 3. The social capital score was 45.2 at baseline and 45.5 by year 3. The self-care score was 127 for the 60-70 years age group and 125 for the > 70 years age group at baseline, and 106 for the 60-70 years age group and 103 for the > 70-years age group by year 3. Child-caregiver interactions for the 60 to 70 year-old age group (8.61 at baseline and 9.13 by year 3) and for the > 70-year-old group (9.23 at baseline to 7.74 by year 3). Community based intergenerational project offer a promising approach to address social isolation and promote well-being in elderly individuals while also enhancing intergenerational connections and community resilience.

Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge remains a vital healthcare resource, especially in rural areas of Pakistan. However, rapid modernization and the migration of younger generations threaten the preservation of this indigenous heritage, creating a critical gap for documentation in unexplored regions. While numerous studies exist across Pakistan, the unique floristic diversity of Daulat Nagar situated between the Jhelum and Chenab Rivers, needs to be documented. Field surveys were conducted across five villages in Daulat Nagar, using purposive and snowball sampling to interview 416 respondents through structured and semi-structured forms. Quantitative indices, including Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) were employed to determine the medicinal importance of documented species. Cultural uniqueness and knowledge retention were evaluated using Jaccard's Similarity Index (JSI) and Novelty Percentage (NP). A total of 64 plant species from 31 families were documented during this study. The results revealed that herbs (59%) and leaves (35%) were the most utilized for local preparations, primarily through juice or extract. Pluchea ovalis showed the highest Use Value (UV = 1.01), mainly used for respiratory disorders. Curcuma longa had the highest RFC (0.055) used in skin problems. Gastrointestinal disorders showed the highest consensus (ICF = 0.46). Mentha arvensis and Azadirachta indica had highest FL 96.5% and 91.6%, respectively. Analysis of intergenerational retention revealed that youth (18-28 years) comprised 16.11% of the current study, but ethnobotanical knowledge mainly for complex and specialized treatments was held by the elders aged 49-78 years. Comparative analysis indicated low similarity with other regions (JSI = 4.81 to 37.5%) and high NP values (87.5%), indicating significant novelty, such as the use of Echinochloa crus-galli in diabetes and Phragmites karka for urinary infections. The study confirms that Daulat Nagar possesses a distinct ethnobotanical identity. While home remedies are successfully shared across generations, specialized therapeutic wisdom is concentrated among elders (49-78 years) with 42% retention rate. These findings provide a baseline for drug discovery and underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies to preserve specialized knowledge.

The marriage of women pregnant out of wedlock has received attention in several studies, yet research specifically discussing community leaders’ views on this practice from the perspective of ‘urf in Minangkabau society remains limited. This study aims to analyze the practice of marriage among women pregnant out of wedlock in Nagari Paninggahan, Junjung Sirih Subdistrict, Solok Regency, examine community leaders’ views on this practice, and analyze it from the perspective of ‘urf as one of the considerations in Islamic law. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving customary leaders, Islamic religious scholars, niniak mamak, bundo kanduang, and community members selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and were then analyzed using the interactive analysis technique of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the practice of marriage among women pregnant out of wedlock in Nagari Paninggahan is carried out as a form of social and customary resolution to preserve family honor, protect women and children, and prevent social conflict within the community. The majority of community leaders support this practice because it is viewed as bringing greater benefit than allowing the problem to develop without resolution. This finding contributes to the development of Islamic family law studies based on local wisdom and broadens understanding of the relationship between custom and Islamic law in Minangkabau society. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of synergy between customary and religious approaches in resolving social problems in society. The practical implications of this study indicate the need to strengthen moral guidance and religious education for the younger generation as a preventive effort against similar social problems.

Advances in the epidemiology of seasonal coronavirus (CoV) are important for understanding CoV transmission dynamics and strengthening the strategies against emerging CoV infections. The epidemiology of CoV‐NL63, a seasonal CoV discovered in 2003, is poorly understood, particularly before 2003. To analyze the seroprevalence of CoV‐NL63 in Yamagata, Japan, we performed a microneutralization test using 146 to 379 serum samples collected from four age groups ranging from 0 to 4 years to ≥ 40 years in 1976, 1990, 2010, 2019, and 2022, as well as the Yamagata isolate. We only measured the neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) against CoV‐NL63, as methods for other seasonal CoVs had not yet been established. The total NT Ab‐positive rate in each year was 68.0%–90.4%. The Ab‐positive rates in 0–4‐year age group were 21.3%–65.2% in each year, whereas the rates for individuals aged above 4 years old were between 73.3% and 100% throughout the study period. We do not understand the influence of cross‐reactive immunity among seasonal CoVs. This study shows that seroprevalence against CoV‐NL63 increased with age in the younger generation and then plateaued at a high level, suggesting that reinfection may occur and that CoV‐NL63 was already transmitted among infants and children before CoV‐NL63 had been identified.

In a technologically advanced world like this, no one is isolated from the effects of smartphones and social media. Everyone nowadays uses social media, even parents who know very little about it as compared to younger generations; still, they use it, and it somehow hampers their way of living and family dynamics in general. Social media has led to the rise of a new phenomenon named "phubbing," which refers to focusing on a phone rather than having face-to-face conversations with the person in front of them. Both excessive social media usage and phubbing have been linked to harmful effects on multiple domains of human life, including academics, career, interpersonal, social, etc. While significant research has been done on phubbing and its effect on interpersonal and peer relationships, very little is known about how it impacts parenting and even less about the comparative patterns between mothers and fathers. This research aims to compare maternal and paternal phubbing to highlight gendered patterns of digitalisation. The study provides insights into the concepts of social media and phubbing behaviours. By highlighting gendered patterns of digital use and how it varies across gender, the study may offer essential insights to policymakers and awareness programs. Additionally, the study helps us understand how using digital platforms in a mindful manner is crucial for parents. Moreover, the study offers necessary implications to concerned institutions in order to promote digital awareness.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a scholarship program established through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Government of Labuhanbatu Utara Regency and partner universities, and to analyze its impact on the educational quality of scholarship recipients. The study is motivated by the low participation rate in higher education in the region, despite the government’s efforts to improve human resource quality through scholarship initiatives. Fluctuations in the number of recipients and implementation challenges highlight the need for a comprehensive evaluation. This research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key informants such as program administrators and scholarship recipients. Quantitative data were obtained through surveys using questionnaires. The evaluation uses the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product) to assess policy context, resources, implementation processes, and program outcomes. The findings indicate that the MoU-based scholarship program positively contributes to improving access and quality of education, although some limitations remain. Overall, the program represents a strategic effort to enhance human resources, reduce educational disparities, and strengthen the competitiveness of the younger generation.

Genomic approaches can provide critical insights into the genetic health of endangered species and the impacts of long-term management on semi-captive populations. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), listed as Endangered, include a large semi-captive population in Myanmar that may represent an important reservoir of genetic diversity. However, their genetic structure, levels of inbreeding, and relatedness remain poorly characterized. We assembled the largest genomic dataset to date for semi-captive Asian elephants, comprising reduced representation data (RADseq, N = 261) and whole-genome data (WGS, N = 64). Heterozygosity values showed no significant differences between wild-born and captive-born individuals. Both RADseq and WGS data revealed low to medium levels of inbreeding and no evidence of an increase among younger generations. Population structure analyses confirmed a homogeneous population with no geographic-based genetic structure, likely reflecting management practices and natural mating with wild bulls. Demographic inference indicated a sharp decline in effective population size (Ne) between 60 and 30 generations ago, consistent with a long-term population contraction, and current Ne was estimated as being very low. Relatedness analyses identified 657 first-cousin or closer relationships, including 124 first-degree pairs. We also uncovered 35 previously undocumented father-offspring pairs with some males having disproportionately high reproductive success. To facilitate future monitoring, we developed three reduced relatedness-informative marker (RIM) panels. The smallest panel (274 SNPs) provided sufficient resolution for reliable parentage assignment at reduced cost. Our findings demonstrate how genomic tools uncovered the genetic consequences of management of the largest semi-captive elephant population of Myanmar, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring to safeguard its genetic diversity. More broadly, this study illustrates how integrating WGS and RADseq can inform conservation planning for semi-managed populations and offers transferable approaches applicable to other endangered species.

ABSTRACT While research on social return’s influential power has grown, there remains a gap surrounding the understanding of how different generations view social return and how it impacts their travel behaviour. This research employs a multi-study investigation by pooling data from three studies to examine whether one’s generational cohort influences the perceived social return from visiting a destination and whether the influence of social return differs by generation. Results indicate that the effect of social return on travel intention is significantly weaker for Baby Boomers than for younger generations. In contrast, social return exerts a stronger influence on Millennials’ intentions to visit unconventional destinations, while showing the opposite pattern for Gen-Z with respect to conventional destinations – highlighting younger travellers’ preference for novelty, adventure and uniqueness. Beyond validating the generalizability of the social return scale, this study provides actionable insights for destination marketers to design generationally nuanced segmentation and targeting strategies.

Numeral systems in Bantu languages reflect both linguistic structure and socio cultural functions. This paper explores the structure and socio-cultural functions of the Bena numeral system. The research employed a qualitative approach whereby the data were gathered through elicitation, and non-participant observation. The study was guided by the cognitive linguistics theory, which reveals how language shapes numerical cognition; testing linguistic relativity by showing how structural features like bases and classifiers influence thinking, memory, and arithmetic acquisition across cultures. The results show that numerals in Bena depict agreements with the noun class system, and follow additive structures in compound forms. The traditional counting system using fingers, head, and stones is also attested among elder speakers. However, the influence of Swahili has led to a gradual erosion of the numeral structure and traditional numeral usage, especially among younger generations. Also, the results show that numerals hold symbolic meanings in various socio-cultural functions. The study recommends an investigation of prosodic features in Bena numerals borrowed from Kiswahili, a documentation of native numeral systems, and further comparative research on numeral systems in other under documented Tanzanian Bantu languages.

This study aims to analyze strategies for the transformation and preservation of burayot as a model for creative economy development based on local wisdom in Kabuyutan Garut. The study employs a conceptual qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method through a synthesis of literature on the creative economy, cultural digitization, and gastronomic tourism. The results indicate that burayot holds potential as cultural capital that can be developed into a community-based creative economy without compromising its traditional authenticity. The threats of modernization, low artisan regeneration, and weak cultural documentation pose the main challenges to the sustainability of burayot. Relevant strategies include the digitization of cultural knowledge, strengthening the participation of the younger generation, digital promotion innovations, and the development of community-based gastronomic tourism to simultaneously strengthen the sustainability of local culture and the local economy.

Pronounced variations in suicide mortality persist across Europe. Understanding long-term temporal patterns through age, period and cohort (APC) effects, alongside suicide means, is essential for tailored prevention. This study aims to determine how suicide mortality rates in Europe have changed across APC dimensions at national and subregional levels. Our analysis was restricted to European countries with complete age- and sex-specific suicide mortality data from 1990 to 2019 within the World Health Organization mortality database. The analysis comprised two components. The first component disentangled long-term suicide mortality trends (1990-2019) into APC dimensions using an age-period-cohort model via the National Cancer Institute's APC Web Tool. The second component involved an assessment of suicide means, restricted to 2010-2019 and to countries with detailed International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) cause-of-death data. In 2019, Europe recorded 47,793 male and 13,111 female suicide deaths. Overall suicide mortality rates declined in most subregions from 1990 to 2019, with the largest reductions among Eastern European men, from 77.81 (95% CI: 77.17-78.45) per 100,000 in the mid-1990s to 22.93 (95% CI: 22.58-23.28) per 100,000 by 2019, although this region retained the highest male suicide burden. Age-specific risk patterns differed markedly: among men, risk peaked in early adulthood and then declined in Eastern Europe, while in Western and Southern Europe, it was lower and more stablebut rose after age 60; for women, risk was generally lower, with peaks in early adulthood in Eastern Europe and in midlife elsewhere. Period reflected continued improvement, especially in Eastern Europe where the period risk in 2015-2019 was approximately 60% lower than 2000-2004. Cohort effects similarly showed progressive declines. However, upward trends emerged among younger generations. In Northern Europe, the cohort relative risk for females increased from 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.78) in the 1980 cohort to 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70-1.04) in the 2000 cohort. While the completeness of suicide means analysis varied by subregion, the primary data indicated that hanging was the predominant means for both sexes during 2010-2019. Despite an overall decline, suicide mortality in Europe exhibits persistent regional and demographic differences. This study reveals emerging risks among younger cohorts, specifically Northern European women and Southern European men, signalling shifting patterns that are not apparent from overall temporal trends alone. This evolving risk profile calls for sustained surveillance and research to investigate the drivers of these population-specific vulnerabilities.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of manipulating the historical consciousness of young people as one of the key factors contributing to the spread of extremist sentiments. The relevance of this work is determined by the growing informational and psychological influence on the younger generation in the context of global digitalization and escalating geopolitical confrontation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the mechanisms of distortion of the historical past (falsification of events, interpretative distortions, and the substitution of cultural myths for historical memory). The vulnerability of young audiences to destructive influences is also examined, due to their underdeveloped critical thinking, lack of a holistic historical experience, and a maximalist approach to assessing past and present events.

Purpose The internship experience is rated as having a high impact on practical readiness. There is little evidence on how students perceive the importance of internships prior to completing them in relation to employability, what benefits they expect and in what types of organizations they prefer to do their internship. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of gender, level of education and field of study on the perception of the internship importance among 1,578 Czech secondary school and university students and their benefits; to explore how expectations of internships correlate with students' preferred internship environments. Design/methodology/approach Participants expressed their attitudes towards the variables studied through a questionnaire. Welch's ANOVA test, Games-Howell's Post-Hoc test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. Spearman's rho was used to determine the correlation. Findings The results indicate that the perceived internship importance varies by gender, level of education and field of study. University students and females attach greater importance to internships in comparison with secondary school students and males. Most students expect internships to provide new knowledge and practical skills that enhance their employability. Economics students perceive internships as less beneficial compared to those studying in the field of health sciences in health sciences, natural sciences and humanities. Internships in commercial companies are mainly associated with gaining additional qualifications, improving labour market prospects and strengthening the professional curriculum vitae. Originality/value The study has identified areas that have implications for promoting communication between school and students in the preparation of internships and for building educational strategies to promote the employability of the young generation.

The potential of cultural tourism is the gateway to tourism development. This study aims to analyze the potential for cultural tourism in Seram Bakon District. This study uses a descriptive research method using a qualitative approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The purpose of the research is to identify the potential of cultural tourism and analyze its development strategy. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis method uses SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that internal factors that support the development of cultural tourism include the beauty, authenticity, uniqueness of cultural tourism objects such as museums, dances and cemeteries are still maintained today, among the factors that inhibit the development of cultural tourism are inadequate facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources, lack of understanding of the younger generation and the community related to tourism. External factors that are challenges in the development of cultural tourism potential are the security situation (areas prone to armed conflict), the Dutch missionaries have brought cultural objects, the development of the times (modernization, assimilation and westernization) and the lack of promotion of Tourism. The cultural tourism development strategy based on SWOT is to add and develop more complete infrastructure and tourism support facilities, increase human resources, increase skill capacity and empower tourism in the younger generation, cultural experts and local communities, increasing security and comfort in tourist destination areas, as well as promoting tourism more effectively through mass media; television, radio, newspapers, and social media; Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and the website of the Tourism and Creative Economy Office of Pegunungan Bintang Regency

This study looks at how digital literacy and socioeconomic disparities affect public knowledge and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) in Greece. Based on information from the author's doctoral research (omitted for blind review), the study finds a consistent split between groups who are digitally enabled and those who are digitally excluded. Reflecting variations in education, income, geography, and cultural capital, this split goes much beyond only technological and is quite fundamental. According to the study, a major factor influencing fair technological participation is AI literacy, which is the capacity to understand, assess, and interact with intelligent systems. Digital skills are still not distributed equally in Greece, especially between cities and rural areas, younger and older generations, and richer and poorer income groups. These disparities affect AI trust, perceived usefulness, and readiness to include intelligent technologies into daily life. The authors present the Artificial Intelligence Socio-Digital Inequality Framework (ASDIF), which captures the interplay among socioeconomic level, digital literacy, and emotional reactions toward artificial intelligence. The framework shows how more education promotes curiosity, ethical reflection, and educated use while less information and exposure to artificial intelligence can cause anxiety, mistrust, or moral resistance. Inclusive AI governance and education policy in Greece depend on an awareness of these interactions. The study finishes with a recommendation of culturally customized techniques to raise AI awareness and digital inclusion throughout all socioeconomic levels, so guaranteeing that technological advancement does not exacerbate current disparities.

Older refugees are often depicted in deficit-oriented terms in policy and scholarly discourse, leading to limited recognition of their capacities, agency, and social contributions. This study examines the sociocultural roles and contributions of older African refugees in Calgary, Canada. Drawing on qualitative storytelling and diagramming, with 11 older African refugees serving as co-researchers, to illuminate how they support younger generations and strengthen community resilience. The results demonstrate that older refugees actively contribute through cultural and linguistic transmission, moral and civic mentorship, financial guidance, and culturally grounded support. Co-researchers described themselves as heritage keepers safeguarding language, culture, and identity amid perceived cultural risks in the host society. These contributions challenge prevailing assumptions of older refugees as passive or dependent and highlight the importance of recognizing their community influences. The study underscores the need for strength-based policies and services that acknowledge older refugees' sociocultural roles in supporting intergenerational well-being and community integration.

Purpose The subject of this research is to examine birth and death rituals in Macedonian culture within a spiritual context. The study aims to provide a different perspective to the existing literature by analyzing data obtained from Macedonian immigrants who are knowledgeable about Macedonian culture, focusing on the spiritual meanings, beliefs, and practices embedded in these rituals. In this regard, the article explores how birth and death rituals function not only as cultural traditions but also as spiritual experiences that shape individual and collective identities. The scope of the study includes Macedonian immigrants who possess in-depth knowledge of Macedonian cultural and spiritual practices. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a qualitative research method and adopted a phenomenological research design to investigate the lived experiences and subjective meanings that individuals attribute to a particular phenomenon. The meaning of phenomenology is to reveal the common meanings and essences that emerge from individuals' experiences and to provide a deep understanding of how a phenomenon is perceived and experienced (Yıldırım and Şimşek, 2011). In this context, the phenomenological approach allows the researcher to go beyond surface-level descriptions and to interpret the deeper cultural, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of participants' experiences, thereby providing a holistic understanding of the phenomenon (Creswell, 2016). Findings An examination of the relevant table reveals that individuals' statements about Macedonian culture are predominantly positive. There are also widespread folk beliefs. An example of this is rubbing quince on the baby's cheek so that it will have dimples. Many of these rituals are also performed in Turkey. At this point, the birth rituals in Macedonian culture and those in Turkey show similarities. Upon examining the relevant table, it can be seen that participants' statements include gastronomic elements found in Macedonian birth rituals. Based on these responses, it can be seen that death rituals in Macedonian culture include reading the Quran and doing good deeds for the deceased, distributing food, sharing the pain experienced, solidarity, and painting the house. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to individuals who are knowledgeable about Macedonian culture and are in a migrant position. The results are based on the participants' subjective experiences and narratives. Data regarding birth and death rituals are based on participants' recollections of past experiences. Therefore, the findings reflect a specific period and may differ from current practices. Practical implications The findings of this study contribute to increasing cultural and spiritual awareness by revealing the spiritual meanings attributed by Macedonian immigrants to birth and death rituals. This can serve as a guide for institutions and professionals working with cultural diversity. The data obtained reveals that rituals are not only traditional practices but also elements of spiritual heritage passed down through generations. In this context, the results of the study can contribute to efforts to document and preserve intangible cultural heritage. The research findings reveal how immigrant communities maintain their identity and sense of belonging through spiritual rituals. This can be taken into account in policies and practices aimed at the social integration of immigrants. Social implications Research findings indicate that birth and death rituals are important social practices that strengthen social solidarity and reinforce a sense of belonging among Macedonian immigrants. These rituals contribute to individuals maintaining their social bonds within the community.Research findings indicate that birth and death rituals are important social practices that strengthen social solidarity and reinforce a sense of belonging among Macedonian immigrants. These rituals contribute to individuals maintaining their social bonds within the community. The spiritual values and cultural practices transmitted through rituals strengthen intergenerational communication and play an important role in ensuring cultural continuity. This helps younger generations to understand their cultural identity. The social functions of rituals play a supportive role in the adaptation processes of immigrant individuals in their relationships with the society they live in. Recognising cultural and spiritual practices can contribute to reducing social exclusion. Originality/value This study examines the birth and death rituals of Macedonian migrants within a spiritual framework, revealing that cultural rituals are not merely traditional practices but also processes of individual and social meaning production. In this respect, the research offers a unique contribution to the literature aimed at understanding the relationship between rituals, culture, spirituality, and social life. The value of the research lies in its examination of the phenomenon of migration in its cultural and spiritual dimensions and in making visible how migrant communities preserve and reproduce their identities. It is particularly significant in revealing how rites of passage such as birth and death strengthen feelings of belonging, solidarity and continuity for migrant individuals. Finally, the research findings are also valuable in terms of recognising cultural diversity, preserving intangible cultural heritage, and developing culturally sensitive social policies. In this context, the study offers meaningful contributions not only to academic literature but also to practitioners and policymakers.

Conservative religious communities often uphold strict sexual norms that position same-sex relationships as "morally deviant" (as described by community members), yet relatively little is known about how community members construct and manage responses to same-sex relationships in everyday social life. This qualitative study examines coping and response patterns toward male same-sex relationships and gay men within the ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) community in Israel, drawing on symbolic boundary theory as an analytical framework. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 Haredi men. Thematic analysis revealed five interrelated response patterns: silencing discourse on male same-sex relationships, framing male same-sex relationships as contradicting divine command and natural order, attributing male same-sex relationships to external secular influences, protecting the younger generation through spatial and cultural avoidance, and reparative approaches aimed at "correction." These patterns function as forms of moral, cultural, and spatial boundary work through which participants seek to preserve communal values and social order. The findings illustrate how multiple boundary strategies operate simultaneously to regulate sexuality and manage perceived normative threats amid broader social change. By focusing on community members' narratives, the study advances understanding of how symbolic boundaries surrounding male same-sex relationships are constructed and maintained in insular religious contexts, and highlights the relevance of community-level mechanisms for understanding stigma and minority stress processes.

ABSTRACT During the Nakba of 1948, which is the Arabic translation of “disaster,” many Palestinians were coercively displaced due to witnessing multiple traumatic events, including the torture and killing of their close ones, bombardment and demolition of their homes, and extreme forms of humiliation. This study explored the transgenerational transmission of traumatic recollections pertaining to the Nakba across a sample of three generations of Palestinian refugees residing in Gaza city. Thirty participants were purposively recruited, comprising 10 individuals from each of three distinct generations, who then provided responses to open-ended questions. Thematic analysis revealed seven common themes across the three generations: violence and brutality, perceived temporariness of displacement, survival challenges, emotional reactions, narrative significance, and adaptive responses. Continuity of struggle was identified as an additional theme among second- and third-generation participants. Experiencing the Nakba and subsequently settling in an environment that is threatening has serious impacts on the mental health of those who experienced, it directly as well as their offspring. When conducting research related to trauma, it is very important to pay close attention to the political and social context in which trauma is generated, perpetuated, and passed down to younger generations. In addition to researchers, mental health-care professionals must be aware of the distinction between normal and abnormal/pathological reactions given the environmental context, and psycho-educate their clients about the same. This way they can empower their clients by helping them understand the underlying contributors to their symptomatology.

This study analyzes the marketing communication strategy of the dance musical performance "Tariakan: Gerak Suara Persatuan" through Instagram @ceritabedahaksama. The method used is qualitative with a constructivist approach, through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the communication strategy was carried out in a planned manner through consistent communication guidelines, segmentation of the younger generation audience, gradual storytelling, and the use of Instagram features such as Reels, Stories, and collaboration with Key Opinion Leaders. Promotional programs such as early bird, bundling, and giveaways were also implemented. In conclusion, Instagram plays an important role in building public awareness, engagement, and participation. Pierre Lévy's New Media Theory is reflected in the active participation of the audience as prosumers in disseminating the performance's message