Young Specialists Research Articles

Formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan in digital space

The goal is analytical review of the current situation on formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identifying the main problems and opportunities, as well as providing specific recommendations for optimizing development of labor potential in the context of digital transformation. Methods – statistical analysis, calculation of indicators, generalization, monographic. Results – the role of personnel reserves in AIC as a determining factor in increasing agricultural production volumes is considered. The main factors influencing on labor resources in agricultural sector of the republic in the conditions of digitalization are systematized: lack of qualified workers, aging workforce, unfavorable demographic situation, underdeveloped social infrastructure of the village, migration of the working population. It is emphasized that training of young specialists, as well as improving the quality of educational and methodological systems are an integral part of solving these problems. An analysis of the level of digital literacy of villagers and degree of the use of information and communication technologies was carried out. The state and dynamics of employment of rural residents, its differences in rural and urban areas have been studied, the share of people employed in agriculture, the structure of the economically active population by level of education have been determined. Conclusions - based on the results of the study, the need to train personnel capable of effectively using modern digital technologies in agricultural sector is noted, and measures to attract young people with specialized skills are argued. It is necessary to expand the continuous chain of career guidance, staff development to update professional competencies, and implement industry strategic goals. Practical recommendations for the development of human capital in the conditions of informatization and digitalization are proposed.

New trends in platform employment of rural youth in the context of digital transformation

The use of online digital labor platforms is aimed at simplifying access to professional activities, accelerating and facilitating the interaction of workers and employers in the process of labor relations. The goal is to study new trends in platform employment of rural youth in the context of digital transformation of economy. The methods are based on materials from domestic and foreign analytical reviews, scientific publications, changes in social and labor legislation and practice of developing platform employment of the rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The method of quantitative and graphical analysis of the number of freelancers by industry, dynamics in the level of youth unemployment, education, as well as in regional aspect is used. Results – the state and factors hindering the increase in the level of employment of rural young personnel in freelance sector due to the underdevelopment of Internet platforms for labor adaptation and weak social infrastructure in rural areas, and a low incentive for young specialists to work have been identified. The importance of motivational factors contributing to the growth of prestige, increasingly popular format of work – online platforms and development of labor potential of the younger generation is substantiated. The fundamental importance of attracting young villagers through freelancing in labor-abundant regions of the country has been proven. Conclusions – official freelancing and platform employment in the republic are at the stage of formation, as evidenced by the recent inclusion of these norms in social and labor legislation. Statistical authorities provide very limited information on development of free employment. It is proposed, using world experience, to expand research to achieve the ultimate goal - improving the quality of life of the rural population.

Labor market in rural areas of Akmola region of Kazakhstan: regional aspect

The goal is to identify the features and determine quantitative parameters of the regional labor market in the Akmola region. Methods – analytical and statistical industry information is systematized and summarized using economic-statistical, balance sheet and abstract-logical methods from open access sources and scientific literature. Results - the features were studied and characteristics of labor potential of the region were given, analysis of absolute and relative indicators characterizing the dynamics of region's population movement was carried out, which made it possible to identify the main trends in its change in recent years. Demographic factors affecting the formation of labor force are shown. The volumes of socio-demographic load were calculated. Conclusions - it has been established that proportion of village residents tends to decrease both in absolute value and in the structure of total number. The main criteria are population migration and decrease in its natural increase. The reduction in the number of economically active residents of rural areas is explained by negative balance of difference between people who have entered active age and those who have retired, as well as migration processes that have their own specifics. It is noted that the level of the region’s labor resources is directly related to demographic development of the given territory. The deterioration of the demographic situation has a negative impact on quantitative and qualitative dimensions characterizing the regional labor market. The youth segment remains rather unbalanced, the areas of employment of young specialists are closely related to low levels of income and labor productivity, the persistent gap between professional orientation of youth and the labor needs of enterprises becomes one of the barriers to the employment of young people.

Separate issues of employment and professional development of young scientists in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal study of the right to work, its enshrining in the legislation of Ukraine and in international legal documents, ensuring the employment of young people by the state, the peculiarities of the employment of young scientists, as a category of subjects of labor relations with a special legal status. The state of employment of this category of workers has been analyzed and the main problems faced by young people when finding work have been identified, in particular: a) imperfection of the regulatory and legal framework that regulates labor relations with scientists; b) the possibility of forecasting supply and demand in the labor market; c) lack of professional experience among young people; d) state of development of research infrastructures; e) low level of salaries of scientific employees. The theoretical and practical problems in the field of professional development of young workers aimed at forming high professionalism in them, the ability to work in new economic conditions, as well as ensuring high productive work and effective employment on this basis are analyzed. The author concluded that the current state of the youth labor market is the most problematic part of the general labor market, since the level of youth unemployment in Ukraine has only been increasing in recent years, which contributes to the outflow of young specialists abroad, where they see better earnings, professional growth or opportunities in general.

Labor market: current situation and near-term prospects

The article analyzes the current situation in the Russian labor market, which affects all its participants such as employing organizations and employees of various professions, specialties, and skill levels. All participants of the labor market either justify their expectations or face the need to revise them depending on the influence of various factors. The features of labor conditions that potential employees pay attention to in newly changed conditions have been identified. These include the remuneration size, the possibility of working time rational organization and finding a balance between work time and rest time, the presence of the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion (DIE) concept in the organization environment. The tendencies of jobs creation and elimination in the labor market have been considered. The most rational ways of regulating the jobs number in accordance with the needs of the organization have been shown: job replacement – new high-tech jobs creation while eliminating obsolete existing ones. The skills of workers in high-tech positions that are most in demand from the employers’ point of view have been given. The main trends in the use of young specialists in the in-demand professions market have been considered.

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ СОВМЕСТНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The article considers the question of the psychological directions of the development of the features of professional communication of an individual in the process of joint activity. To enter into relationships with other people, to need them – this is the socialization of a person in society. Therefore, first of all, the perception of the other in joint activities as factors of socialization develop in the process of communication. These are: character traits, temperament, life position, tastes, interests, value orientations. Professional communication, the study of the characteristics of emotional states (sociability, empathy, the ability to control one's emotions, communicative barriers, conflict, aggressiveness, etc.) for the systematization of joint activities in interpersonal communication is of great importance in professional activity, life in general. The development of a culture of professional communication in the personal development of a young specialist is carried out through psychological areas of joint activity (educational, diagnostic and correctional, career guidance, professional counseling, social adaptation, professional deformation).

Искусственный интеллект для персонализированного подхода к перкутанной нефролитотрипсии.

Introduction. In recent years, there has been more and more research on the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) to help diagnose and treat patients in various fields of medicine. The use of algorithms allows us to reduce the time for processing large volumes of information and give a «second opinion» to a specialist in complex and non-standard clinical cases. In order to increase the effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, we have created an AI algorithm to personalize approach in the surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis. Purpose. To develop a universal tool for predicting the most optimal tactics of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy depending on the clinical case. Materials and methods. The total number of patients treated at N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology and those who took part in the study amounted to 1000 people. The number of men was 419 (41.9%), women 581 (58.1%). The age of patients included in the studies ranged from 18 to 88 years (52.3±13.47). The division into Training and Holdout partitions varied depending on the target variable to obtain the most accurate result. The maximum difference in the samples was 600n and 400n (60% and 40%), the minimum 800n and 200n (80% and 20%). Data processing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics and Modeler programs using the neural network modeling method. Results. The accuracy of prediction for the choice of nephroscope size was 82.2%, requirement for intraoperative stent placement 93.9%, requirement for ureteroscopy or contact ureterolithotripsy 98.5%. The accuracy of the forecast for the number of puncture accesses was 92.6%, for access through the upper group 95%, for access through the middle group 91.2%, for access through the lower group 91.2%. The algorithm allows us to predict the presence of residual stones with an accuracy of 84.1%, the duration of surgical intervention is 87.3%.The number of test observations was 30. The algorithm demonstrated high accuracy of prediction (from 73.8% to 94.5%) of surgical tactics in complex clinical cases. Conclusion. The results of using the algorithm for personalized prognosis in the surgical treatment of nephrolithiasis showed high accuracy and efficiency. Further development of technology to create algorithms for each nosology and surgical interventions will reduce the time of data analysis by the attending physician, provide a «second opinion» to young specialists and standardize the approach to treatment in rare and complex clinical cases.

About the work of the XVII Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists and Specialists “Forensic medical science and practice”

On December 7, 2023, the Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Law Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation jointly with the Forensic Medical Expertise Bureau of the Moscow Health Department held the XVII Scientific and Practical Conference of young scientists and specialists "Forensic Science and Practice". The conference was attended by future forensic physicians ― students, residents and postgraduates, teachers of forensic medicine departments of medical universities of the Russian Federation, as well as novice forensic experts and their experienced supervisors.
 Professor E.Kh. Barinov in his welcoming speech to the participants of the conference told about the history of such events in Moscow, noted their scientific and practical significance, which contributes both to the formation of interest of the young generation of specialists in scientific research, and the acquisition of experience in public speaking and versatile discussions.
 In the main part of the day the reports of the conference participants were delivered followed by discussion of the topics raised.
 At the closing of the event, the high level of preparation of the speakers was noted and a detailed analysis of the speeches was presented. The Organising Committee wished the young scientists, specialists and their supervisors success in continuing their work on the selected topics.

Adaptation of Young Doctors to Professional Activity in Outpatient Medical Organizations

Introduction. Currently, there is a challenging issue related to adaptation of young doctors to professional activities in healthcare organizations. The first years of work are considered as of one of the most difficult stages of a doctor's career, and the decision to continue clinical practice or give up it largely depends on this period. This, in turn, is one of the reasons for the increase in staff turnover, which negatively affects the activity of a medical organization and the quality of medical care.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop proposals for optimizing the process of adaptation of young doctors to professional activities in medical organizations upon the results of a study identifying fac-tors that positively and negatively affect it.Methods and materials. Within the framework of this study, a questionnaire survey with participation of young doctors aimed at identifying factors affecting the process of adaptation to professional activity was conducted. Also, a social-hygienic image of a young specialist, motivation, reasons for career choice were an-alyzed, as well as the most common challenges emerging at the beginning of career and during the studies were identified, evaluated and compared.Results. Our research allowed us to identify the most important factors influencing the adaptation process such as convenient work schedule; competitive salary; friendly working environment; modern medical equip-ment; image of a medical organization; opportunities for professional training; career growth opportunities; job stability; job independence and responsibility and creative work. The results show that the adaptation of a young doctor to professional activity in healthcare organizations is crucial to keep human and economic resources in balance. The existing programs are not as efficient as expected. Young specialists note that among the difficulties affecting the quality of medical care are such as lack of knowledge and skills required for their job. Moreover, lack of specialized programs for professional training concerning medical information system and legal and regulatory framework in healthcare, as well as lack of psychological support services leads to staff turnover.

Experience in conducting practical training at the employer’s organization

The emergence of the Russian economy to new frontiers opens up opportunities for quality education, employment and professional growth for mid-level specialists. The general focus of training is professional; the process is built on the principles of advanced education, defining as the main result the achievement of social and professional competence of the graduate, adequate to the requirements of society and the economy.The modern system of secondary vocational education must meet the requirements of practice-orientedness, take into account the requirements of employers, it is necessary to develop the knowledge, skills and practical skills of a competitive specialist. Competitiveness can only be increased by improving the quality of education. The problem of high-quality training of specialists is due to the insufficient effectiveness of interaction between educational organizations and employers.In the context of the implementation of the competency-based approach, the quality of vocational education is determined by the ability of a young specialist to easily adapt to market conditions for the development of the regional economy, to identify connections between knowledge and real situations; apply acquired knowledge to adequately solve professional problems, as well as mastery of professional competencies and elements of labor functions.The need is being updated and the possibility of implementing elements of dual training within the educational process of the branch of the Siberian University of Transport in Novoaltaysk is being considered. The experience of conducting practical training at the employer’s organization is summarized.

Сущность и структура компетентности самоменеджмента обучающегося вуза

Versatile young specialists are currently in great demand. To be a high-achiever, a successful professional needs the so-called supra-professional skills, which are responsible for personal development. To manage their own study, work, and life, university students require good self-management skills, e.g., setting goals, meeting deadlines, scheduling, road mapping, self-education, reflection, self-correction, etc. Self-management is an object of personal education and an important element of personal development in university environment. This article describes the essence and content of self-management as a competence acquired at university. A review of scientific literature made it possible to prove the relevance of self-management as part of university education. Self-management appeared to have four components, i.e., 1) motivation and target, 2) cognition, 3) activity, 4) reflection and evaluation, while its structure consisted of three development levels, i.e., initial, basic, and advanced.

Insights into engineering work for future surveyors

The article describes the conduct of geodetic work on engineering work by young specialists entering this field, and provides final conclusions and proposals for the work performed.

Supra-Professional Competencies as a Basis for Training Future Employees of the Territorial Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for Professional Activity

Introduction. The article examines the problem of formation of supra-professional competencies of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation as a strategic task aimed at reducing the process of adaptation of young specialists to the conditions and requirements of future professional activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the level of formation of abilities for self-development and self-education, critical thinking of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as the basic basis of supra-professional competencies. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the systematic and aspect-based approaches to the problem under study, since the process of forming supra-professional competencies cannot be fully understood and comprehended without a comprehensive analysis. To achieve the research goal, the authors used theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization of scientific publications) and empirical (questionnaire) methods. Statistical data processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted with the involvement of cadets of 3–4 courses of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (n = 156). The study uses the generally accepted method of M. P. Lukashevich (assessment of abilities for self-development and self-education), assessment of the level of critical thinking (method of determining the level of critical thinking by Yu. F. Gushchin, N. V. Smirnova). Results. It was revealed that the cadets have a low level of proficiency in analysis and evaluation skills when solving a problem against the background of low indicators of logic thinking. Conclusion. The opinion is expressed that the traditional organization of the educational process of future employees of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in some cases, does not ensure the formation of supra-professional competencies in the educational space of the university. The importance of developing a model and technology for organizing and managing the process of independent work of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, based on the development and application of a digital resource, is expressed.

A global study on knowledge and perception of HPV and HPV vaccination among young obstetricians and gynecologists.

Our goal is to improve the understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccination among obstetrics and gynecology trainees and young specialists worldwide. This cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey consisting of 28 questions by the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology between February and August 2023. The questionnaire collected demographic data of the study participants and assessed the respondents' knowledge and perception of HPV, HPV vaccines, and vaccine dosing schedule. Two hundred five Ob/Gyn trainees and young Ob/Gyns from 52 countries completed the survey. The majority of respondents were trainees (158, 77.1%). Most trainees and young Ob/Gyns learned about HPV for the first time during medical school (149, 72.6%). Almost all (204, 99.5%) Ob/Gyns responded that HPV was sexually transmitted. More than half of the respondents had not received HPV vaccination (110, 53.7%). The vaccine was recommended for respondents mostly by their Ob/Gyn senior colleagues (110, 53.7%). Most of the respondents knew how to manage HPV-positive patients (179, 87.3%). This study suggests that even though knowledge on HPV and its vaccination is satisfactory among trainees and young Ob/Gyns, HPV vaccination remains deficient. There is a need to understand, educate, and address the potential problem that lies underneath.

SHAPING THE COMPETENCIES OF THE FUTURE: THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING SOFT SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION WITHIN THE LANDSCAPE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The article emphasizes that modern professional activity requires mastery of not only highly specialized knowledge but also soft skills. The peculiarities of modern society, which has passed from the VUCA state to the BANI state, are noted, emphasizing that it implies even greater turbulence and unpredictability of the environment, as well as the ever-growing role of information technologies. Today, in the labor market, “soft” skills play a key role in professional activity. Therefore, the task of higher education is to educate a professional who can realize himself in the conditions of high competition, which requires the introduction of educational technologies that form in students' soft skills with solid digital components. The article is devoted to soft skills, which are necessary for young specialists starting a professional career. The objectives of the study were: to determine the optimal composition of soft skills, most in-demand among employers; to evaluate their importance for the successful start of the professional career of young engineers; to reveal the main problems of the formation of soft skills within the educational process. Formulated conclusions can be used to improve university training of young specialists competent in the labor market in the BANI-environment.

DIFFERENT AREAS OF STUDY AND TRAINING OF STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY. BEGINNER AND SPORTS LEVELS OF SWIMMING TRAINING

The effectiveness of acquiring knowledge in universities depends on many factors’ conditions, including the level of functional state of the students' bodies, their attitude to a healthy lifestyle. A young specialist should not only be well-prepared in the chosen profession, but also comprehensively developed, able to solve the most difficult professional tasks, and have an optimal level of health. The problem of increasing working capacity and functional capabilities in the conditions of a significant increase in the educational load of students is currently a very urgent task. Physical culture is the most effective factor in preserving and strengthening health. With optimal physical activity, all organs and systems work economically, adaptive reserves are large, and the body's resistance to adverse conditions is high. The attention of scientists who study the processes of adaptation is mainly directed to the degree and nature of changes in the main physiological indicators in healthy people and people engaged in sports. Attention to student youth is explained by the fact that university students are the avant-garde direction of Ukraine's youth. Their ability to work as future engineers, managers, and marketers largely depends on their physical and mental health and social well-being. Due to well-known socio-economic and environmental reasons, the health of the population in general, and of students in particular, has significantly deteriorated. Studying at a university also does not contribute to improving the health of young people. Firstly, the university does not provide physical education throughout the entire period of student life. It lasts only the period allocated for the educational process.

Modeling the number of university graduates for the development of the economy of the Kemerovo region

In the conditions of innovative economy development, the formation issues of the personnel and research potential of the region at the expense of local universities’ graduates are of particular importance. The article puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that a number of socio-economic development indicators of Kemerovo region significantly affect the number of graduates of regional universities, which can be predicted considering changes in these indicators. With the help of the created model, it is possible to study the impact of each of the arguments of the model on the number of university graduates, predict their dynamics, identify targets for the management decisions development in the field of regulating the number of young specialists with higher education (necessary for the regional economy), as well as formulate strategic planning tasks and assess university development the potential. The results of the study can be used by structural divisions of the Government of Kuzbass, the leadership of universities and organizations of the Kemerovo region.

Features and factors of human capital formation in the agricultural sector of the economy

Human capital and the processes of its effective formation and development are key factors in economic growth, especially in the agricultural sector. Scientific interest in this topic is driven by the need to create conditions for the formation and improvement of the efficiency of human potential in this sector of the economy. Accordingly, the aim of the research was to conduct a theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of human capital formation and development in the agricultural sector, to define the main criteria and indicators for its assessment, to identify factors that contribute to or hinder the development of human potential, and to develop practical recommendations aimed at attracting human capital to this area of economic activity. The research was based on the scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers dedicated to the development of human capital, with special attention given to works that illuminate the socio-economic aspects in the agro-industry. This ensured a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the study. The research utilized methods of synthesis, systematization, generalization, comparative analysis, and others. An important aspect of the research was determining the necessary conditions for attracting young people to the agricultural sector. In this context, particular importance is attached to the development of strategies that promote the integration and retention of young specialists, which can be a decisive factor in the long-term perspective for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. As a result, specific recommendations were formulated (expanding educational programs, providing stimulating career opportunities, improving social infrastructure in rural areas) aimed at effectively improving the quality of human capital in the agricultural sector and promoting effective interaction among participants in the agricultural labor market. The proposed measures will contribute to the development of a more innovative, inclusive, and productive work environment in the agricultural sector, which is an important step towards achieving food independence for the country.

Scientific mentoring in the higher education system: the results of an empirical study

The article is devoted to the problem of scientific mentoring in the higher education system. Research activities are an integral part of university education. The teaching staff of higher educational institutions is represented by scientific and pedagogical workers, the reproduction of human resources for this system requires active involvement in research activities, supporting postgraduate students. To ensure continuity, it is necessary to include students in this activity, only a successful process of scientific socialization during the years of study is able to ensure the subsequent professional realization of young specialists in the higher education system. Scientific mentoring can be implemented in various forms. The choice of the option depends on the target audience, specialty, course of study, established traditions, individual psychological and pedagogical characteristics of students, features of the professional trajectory of students. A survey of students of higher educational institutions and teaching staff was used as research methods. When working with the heads of structural divisions, the method of in-depth interview was chosen. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: high assessment of the importance of scientific mentoring by all participants of the survey. Among the most important qualities of mentors is a good command of their field of knowledge and the ability to intelligibly convey this knowledge to students. The teaching staff faces a number of organizational, methodological and informational difficulties in implementing the function of scientific mentors. The implementation of this activity is dominated by short trajectories of scientific leadership of students. In most cases, the mentor provides guidance as part of the preparation of articles. Heads of departments and deans among the barriers to the development of the mentoring system testify of a weak starting level of students, a low level of motivation of teachers.

Механизм реализации наставничества на примере взаимодействия образовательной организации среднего профессионального образования и предприятия

The article considers the mechanism for the implementation of mentoring of students in secondary vocational education programs within the framework of joint activities of an enterprise and an educational organization in the form of dual training. This form of training and development of young specialists is one of the most effec-tive ways to improve their qualifications and professional growth. The objectives of the mentoring system, aimed at transferring theoretical knowledge and preparing students for practical work, have been argued. Therefore, cooperation between educational organizations and leading enterprises is an important condition for the successful implementation of dual training and improving the quality of training of young specialists. Educational organizations need to cooperate with enterprises to gain access to the resources and opportunities offered by dual training. The interactive nature of such a system ensures the flow of knowledge and experience between enterprises and educational organizations, which allows learners to acquire the necessary competen-cies for their future professional activities.